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Democrat · Virginia House, district 75

Serving since Jan 14, 2026VA 2025–26 session

Portrait of Lindsey Dougherty, rendered as a two-tone print
Official portrait
$3.3M
in itemized contributions in the 2026 cycle, in the top 5% of State House Democrats

The median for State House Democrats is $40.4K. Ranks 6th of 2,082, where 1st raised the most. 522 itemized donors.

Itemized contributions reported to the state in the 2026 cycle, ranked among State House Democrats. State filings leave small gifts out, and totals depend on whether the seat is up this cycle.

At a glance

6 measures against State House Democrats. Dougherty sits at −1.07 on the CSIP scale, more liberal than 93% of State House Democrats. 52% of Dougherty’s itemized money in the 2026 cycle came from Virginia, in the bottom tenth of State House Democrats.

The measures on which Dougherty sits furthest from the middle of State House Democrats, each against the same group, with the CSIP score when there is one. Every number is explained in its own section below.

Itemized, 2026

$3.3M

State House Democrats’ median $40.4K · ranks 6th of 2,082

CSIP ideology

−1.07

More liberal than 93% of State House Democrats · ± 0.07

From Virginia, 2026

52%

Of itemized individual dollars · ranks 1806th of 1,983 State House Democrats

Party unity

99.6%

Virginia House average 96.5% · ranks 21st of 98 · 7 votes against the majority of Virginia House Democrats

Attendance

98.4%

Virginia House average 98.2% · ranks 69th of 98 · 2,056 roll calls

Out of committee

82%

Virginia House average 84% · ranks 61st of 98

Peer group: State House Democrats. Rank 1 is the highest value in the group; the thick bar is Dougherty, the thin grey bar the peer average. The headline is the measure on which Dougherty is most unusual among peers (Methods, §08).

Back to topNext: What politicians say

What Dougherty says

No statements for the VA 2025–26 session.No classified statements (posts, press releases, newsletters, floor speeches) in this time window.

Back to topNext: Policy

Policy

No policy statements for the VA 2025–26 session.No classified statements (posts, press releases, newsletters, floor speeches) in this time window.

Back to topNext: Ideology

Ideology

Dougherty sits at −1.07 on the CSIP scale, left of 0, more liberal than 93% of State House Democrats. Approximate range −1.14 to −1.00, which understates the uncertainty; from 521 donors and 173 roll calls.

CSIP, the lab’s Common-Space Ideal Point, places every official, federal and state, on one left–right scale, estimated from roll-call votes, who gives money to whom, and the text of statements. Negative is left of 0, positive right of it; 0 is the centre of the scale, not a definition of “moderate”.

−1.07

CSIP ideal point

Approximate range −1.14 to −1.00. From 521 donors and 173 roll calls. Run 2026-10-25T215945. Blue is left of 0, red right of 0.

← More liberalMore conservative →0Dougherty −1.1State House Democrats −0.6Virginia House −0.7All State House +0.1

The outlined dot is Dougherty, coloured by its side of 0 (blue left, red right, deeper further out); the bar through it is the approximate range (±1.96 standard errors), which understates the uncertainty; the grey ticks below are the medians of Dougherty’s groups. 0 is the centre of the scale, not “moderate” by definition.

What this means, and what it doesn’t

The score summarises how an official votes, who funds them and how they talk, relative to everyone else. It does not grade positions as good or bad, and two officials with the same score can differ on any single issue. The ± range is 1.96 standard errors, which understates the uncertainty: scores whose ranges overlap may not differ at all, and even scores whose ranges do not overlap may not differ.

Where Dougherty sits

Every official in each group, on the CSIP scale

−2.0−1.00.0+1.0+2.0← More liberalMore conservative →State House Democratsmedian −0.6Dougherty −1.1Virginia Housemedian −0.7All State Housemedian +0.1
Show the data
Dougherty's CSIP score of −1.07 placed against State House Democrats, Virginia House, All State House.
GroupOfficialsMedianShare left of Dougherty
State House Democrats2392−0.67%
Virginia House99−0.76%
All State House5324+0.13%
How to read the strips

Every small dot is one official on the same scale, coloured by its own score (blue left of 0, red right of 0, grey at 0, deeper further out) and spread up and down only to keep dots apart; where a group is crowded the dots overlap, and darker patches mean more officials. The large outlined dot is Dougherty in every row; the rule is each group’s median. The table under the figure gives the share of each group to the left of Dougherty.

Back to topNext: Money

Money

Dougherty reported $3.3M in the 2026 cycle, 81.8 times the State House Democrats’ median of $40.4K. State filings report no small-donation total. 52% of itemized individual money came from Virginia.

Campaign money from state campaign-finance filings, as aggregates only; the lab never shows an individual donor. Campaigns must report by name every person who gives them more than $200 in a cycle (“itemized”); smaller gifts are reported only as one total (“unitemized”), so donor counts, donor states, employers and occupations describe itemized donors only. State filings report no small-gift total, so these figures add up itemized contributions only.

$3.3M

itemized in the 2026 cycle

From 522 itemized donors. State House Democrats’ median $40.4K.

Where the money came from

Each square is one percent of itemized contributions in the 2026 cycle.

Individuals (itemized): $283.0K (8.6%)Individuals (itemized): $283.0K (8.6%)Individuals (itemized): $283.0K (8.6%)Individuals (itemized): $283.0K (8.6%)Individuals (itemized): $283.0K (8.6%)Individuals (itemized): $283.0K (8.6%)Individuals (itemized): $283.0K (8.6%)Individuals (itemized): $283.0K (8.6%)PACs and other committees: $259.7K (7.9%)PACs and other committees: $259.7K (7.9%)PACs and other committees: $259.7K (7.9%)PACs and other committees: $259.7K (7.9%)PACs and other committees: $259.7K (7.9%)PACs and other committees: $259.7K (7.9%)PACs and other committees: $259.7K (7.9%)PACs and other committees: $259.7K (7.9%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)Party committees: $2.8M (83.6%)
  • Individuals (itemized)8 squares$283.0K
  • PACs and other committees8 squares$259.7K
  • Party committees84 squares$2.8M
Show the data
Sources of Dougherty's money, 2026 cycle, one square per percent
SourceAmountShare
Individuals (itemized)$283.0K8.6%
PACs and other committees$259.7K7.9%
Party committees$2.8M83.6%
What this means, and what it doesn’t

Totals say how much a campaign took in, not how it was spent, and they rise sharply when a seat is up for election; compare cycles with that in mind.

Receipts by cycle

Itemized contributions, 2026 to 2026. The grey line is the State House Democrats’ median for 2026.

2026 cycle: $3.3M$3.3M2026State House Democrats median $40.4K
Show the data
Dougherty's receipts by cycle against the 2026 State House Democrats median.
ItemValue
2026 cycle$3.3M

Top donor states, 2026

Itemized contributions by donor state. 52% came from Virginia.

  1. Virginia$148.1K
  2. California$55.3K
  3. Maryland$16.0K
  4. District of Columbia$15.8K
  5. New York$11.4K

Small donations

State filings report no total for small gifts.

Not reported in state filings.

Where itemized donors live

Individuals who gave more than $200, by donor state

Alaska: no dataAKMaine: $125MEVermont: no dataVTNew Hampshire: no dataNHWashington: $2,035WAIdaho: no dataIDMontana: $3,500MTNorth Dakota: no dataNDMinnesota: $100MNIllinois: $2,238ILWisconsin: no dataWIMichigan: no dataMINew York: $11.4KNYRhode Island: no dataRIMassachusetts: $7,924MAOregon: $250ORNevada: $200NVWyoming: no dataWYSouth Dakota: no dataSDIowa: no dataIAIndiana: $328INOhio: no dataOHPennsylvania: $2,125PANew Jersey: $4,043NJConnecticut: $992CTCalifornia: $55.3KCAUtah: $400UTColorado: $1,350CONebraska: no dataNEMissouri: $60MOKentucky: $200KYWest Virginia: no dataWVVirginia: $148.1KVAMaryland: $16.0KMDDelaware: no dataDEArizona: no dataAZNew Mexico: $250NMKansas: no dataKSArkansas: no dataARTennessee: $1,010TNNorth Carolina: $833NCSouth Carolina: no dataSCDistrict of Columbia: $15.8KDCOklahoma: no dataOKLouisiana: $116LAMississippi: no dataMSAlabama: no dataALGeorgia: $417GAHawaii: no dataHITexas: $7,943TXFlorida: $85FL
Show the data
Dougherty's itemized individual contributions by donor state, 2026 cycle
StateValue
Virginia$148.1K
California$55.3K
Maryland$16.0K
District of Columbia$15.8K
New York$11.4K
Texas$7,943
Massachusetts$7,924
New Jersey$4,043
Montana$3,500
Illinois$2,238
Pennsylvania$2,125
Washington$2,035
Colorado$1,350
Tennessee$1,010
Connecticut$992
North Carolina$833
Georgia$417
Utah$400
Indiana$328
Oregon$250
New Mexico$250
Nevada$200
Kentucky$200
Maine$125
Louisiana$116
Minnesota$100
Florida$85
Missouri$60
AlaskaNo data
VermontNo data
New HampshireNo data
IdahoNo data
North DakotaNo data
WisconsinNo data
MichiganNo data
Rhode IslandNo data
WyomingNo data
South DakotaNo data
IowaNo data
OhioNo data
NebraskaNo data
West VirginiaNo data
DelawareNo data
ArizonaNo data
KansasNo data
ArkansasNo data
South CarolinaNo data
OklahomaNo data
MississippiNo data
AlabamaNo data
HawaiiNo data
522

itemized donors

People who gave more than $200

52%

from Virginia

Of itemized individual dollars

How to read the map

Every state the same size. Darker states gave more itemized money; hatched states had no itemized donors; the outlined state is Virginia. Gifts of $200 or less carry no address and are left out.

Top donor occupations

Itemized, 2026 cycle.

  1. NOT EMPLOYED$198.5K 321 donors
  2. ATTORNEY$14.5K 32 donors
  3. RETIRED$6,410 12 donors
  4. FINANCE$5,550 3 donors
  5. SOFTWARE ENGINEER$2,378 5 donors

Top committees

PAC and committee contributions, 2026 cycle.

  1. HOUSE DEMOCRATIC CAUCUS$2.5M
  2. DEMOCRATIC PARTY OF VIRGINIA$245.7K
  3. EVERYTOWN FOR GUN SAFETY ACTION FUND$51.5K
  4. HELMER FOR VIRGINIA$35.0K
  5. CLEAN VIRGINIA FUND$28.5K

Top employers

Itemized, 2026 cycle.

  1. SELF EMPOYED$1,600 5 donors
  2. VCU$825 3 donors
  3. UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA$720 3 donors

Aggregates only. Individual donors are never named.

Back to topNext: Votes

Votes

Dougherty voted with the majority of Virginia House Democrats on 99.6% of party-line votes and missed 1.6% of 2,056 roll calls. Virginia House on average: 96.5% party unity, 98.2% attendance. Across all roll calls, Dougherty voted against the majority of Virginia House Democrats 7 times.

2,056 roll calls Dougherty could vote on in the VA 2025–26 session, compared with Virginia House. Attendance is the share with a vote recorded. Party unity counts only party-line roll calls, where most Democrats and most Republicans voted on opposite sides, and is the share of those where Dougherty voted with the majority of Virginia House Democrats. The count of votes against that majority covers every roll call where the majority took a side.

7

votes against the majority of Virginia House Democrats

Party unity 99.6%, Virginia House average 96.5%, ranks 21st of 98. 2,056 roll calls in the VA 2025–26 session.

Attendance and party unity

The thick bar is Dougherty, the thin grey bar the Virginia House average. The scale runs from 80% to 100% to show the gap.

80%100%
Dougherty
Peers
Rank
Attendance
98.4%
98.2%
69th of 98
Party unity
99.6%
96.5%
21st of 98
Show the data
Dougherty's attendance and party unity against Virginia House.
RowDoughertyPeers
Attendance98.4%98.2%
Party unity99.6%96.5%
What this means, and what it doesn’t

A missed roll call has many causes, from illness to campaigning, so attendance says how often, not why. A vote against the majority can be on procedure as well as substance, and many fall on roll calls where both parties split; the key votes below show the ones that decided something.

Key votes

Roll calls the lab flags as key

No votes in this window met the key-vote rules.

How key votes are chosen

Automatically: a final-passage or override vote where the measure became law, the margin was under 10%, at least 10% of either party voted against its majority, or the bill was among the 25 most mentioned in officials’ own statements. Up to 25 per window, most recent first; five are shown. Bars show yea on the left, nay on the right, per party.

Votes most often with

The colleagues who voted the same way as Dougherty most often

  1. Bonita AnthonyD2,020 shared votes100%
  2. Leslie MehtaD2,017 shared votes100%
  3. Elizabeth Bennett-ParkerD628 shared votes100%
  4. Alex AskewD2,021 shared votes100%
  5. Virgil ThorntonD2,020 shared votes100%

Votes least often with

The colleagues who voted the same way as Dougherty least often

  1. Tim GriffinR1,886 shared votes49%
  2. Phil ScottR1,967 shared votes50%
  3. Karen HamiltonR1,986 shared votes52%
  4. Eric ZehrR1,999 shared votes52%
  5. Tom GarrettR1,836 shared votes54%
How to read the agreement lists

The share of roll calls both members voted on where they voted the same way, among colleagues sharing at least 50 such votes. High agreement with members of the other party is common on routine votes.

Full voting record

VA 2025–26 session, loads in batches

Back to topNext: Legislation

Legislation

Dougherty sponsored 22 bills in the VA 2025–26 session; 2 became law. Cosponsored 96 others. 82% of sponsored bills got out of committee (Virginia House average 84%; 61st of 98).

The bills Dougherty sponsored and cosponsored in the VA 2025–26 session, from the official bill records, and how far each got: introduced, referred to or acted on in committee, passed one chamber, passed both, became law. A bill counts at every stage it has reached, so the blocks only shrink to the right.

Bills by stage

Counts for the VA 2025–26 session

Sponsored22 billsSponsored, Introduced: 2222Sponsored, In committee: 2222Sponsored, Passed one chamber: 1717Sponsored, Passed both chambers: 22Sponsored, Became law: 22Cosponsored96 billsCosponsored, Introduced: 9696Cosponsored, In committee: 9696Cosponsored, Passed one chamber: 9393Cosponsored, Passed both chambers: 3232Cosponsored, Became law: 1818IntroducedIncommitteePassed onechamberPassed bothchambersBecamelaw
Show the data
Bills Dougherty sponsored and cosponsored, by furthest stage reached
RoleIntroducedIn committeePassed one chamberPassed both chambersBecame law
Sponsored22221722
Cosponsored9696933218
How to read the blocks

Ink blocks are bills Dougherty sponsored, ochre blocks bills Dougherty cosponsored; the figure above each block is the count. Most bills in any legislature never leave committee, so a short staircase is the norm.

82%

of sponsored bills got out of committee

Virginia House average 84%. Ranks 61st of 98.

Cosponsorship partners

Colleagues who most often cosponsor with Dougherty, by number of shared bills in the VA 2025–26 session; the square shows their party.

  1. Charlie Schmidt25
  2. Rae Cousins23
  3. Karen Keys-Gamarra21
  4. Sam Rasoul18
  5. May Nivar17
What this means, and what it doesn’t

The score is the share of sponsored bills that a committee reported out or a chamber passed, with at least 5 sponsored bills, ranked within the peer group. Members of the majority party and committee chairs move more bills, so the rank reflects position in the chamber as well as effort. Cosponsorship partners are the five colleagues who share the most of Dougherty’s bills; the toggle shows more.

Bill list

Sponsored and cosponsored, with status and policy area; five are shown, the toggle shows the rest

Bills sponsored and cosponsored
HR 2179Commending Grady James, Ph.D.CosponsorJun 22, 2026Passed one chamberUnassignedBill text as passed House (HR2179ER) Jun 30, 2026
HR 2172Celebrating the life of Dawann Anthony Steagall, Jr.CosponsorJun 21, 2026Passed one chamberUnassignedBill text as passed House (HR2172ER) Jun 30, 2026
HR 2152Commending Jonathan C. Zur.CosponsorJun 19, 2026Passed one chamberUnassignedBill text as passed House (HR2152ER) Jun 30, 2026
HR 2150Commending Myra Goodman Smith.CosponsorJun 19, 2026Passed one chamberUnassignedBill text as passed House (HR2150ER) Jun 30, 2026
HR 2126Commending Hunton Andrews Kurth LLP.CosponsorJun 17, 2026Passed one chamberUnassignedBill text as passed House (HR2126ER) Jun 30, 2026

Back to topNext: Online

Online

The lab crawls Dougherty’s official and campaign websites (weekly for Congress, monthly for the states) and keeps every page’s text, so changes can be read later; it also records social accounts and describes the images Dougherty posts with a vision model.

Websites

No websites are tracked for this official.

How to read the counts

“Pages crawled” is the size of the site at the last crawl; “changes in 90 days” counts pages whose text differed from the previous crawl. Sites change for many routine reasons, such as new press releases, so a high count is not by itself notable.

Social accounts

No social accounts on file.

Images Dougherty posted

No images from Dougherty’s posts have been described.

About the descriptions

Written by a vision model and may be wrong. Open the post to see the original. Five are shown; the toggle shows the rest.

State floor speeches

36 turns, Jan 21, 2026 to Mar 12, 2026

Floor speeches

Transcribed from chamber video or captions by the lab. They are not classified for kinds of statement.

Back to topNext: Methods and sources

Methods and sources

How this page was made. Profile built Oct 28, 2026; site last built Oct 28, 2026. Every number on the page is computed from the sources listed here, by the same rules for every official; nothing is written by hand.

The headline

The headline is the measure on which Dougherty is most unusual among State House Democrats, chosen by one rule for every official of every party. The candidates are the rate of each kind of statement and of extreme labels, party unity, attendance, the small-donor share, the in-state share and total receipts of the latest cycle, the share of sponsored bills that got out of committee, talk-to-bills agreement, and the CSIP score’s place within the party group.

The builder ranks every measure within the same peer group the page compares it with, and writes each official’s percentile: the share of the group below the value, ties counting half, so 0.5 is the median and a value shared by many never ranks first. A measure’s score is how far that percentile sits from the median (0 in the middle, 0.5 at either end), and the highest score leads if it is above 0.25, outside the middle half of the group. Scores within 0.03 of each other are a tie, broken in this order: votes against the party majority, kinds of statement, ideology, roll calls missed, small donations, in-state money, legislation, agreement, extreme labels, receipts.

A measure counts only with at least 200 statements, 100 roll calls or 5 sponsored bills behind it and a peer group of at least 10. Two things never lead: high party unity or attendance, where most members sit, and a high rate of a kind of statement backed by fewer than 10 statements. When nothing qualifies, the headline is a neutral fact instead: statements classified, or years in office. The wording always names the direction (“in the bottom 5% of …”, “votes against the majority of …”).

Identifiers

Profile id
1084ab28-a14a-4814-8501-96cfd1b17d1d
Open States
ocd-person/1084ab28-a14a-4814-8501-96cfd1b17d1d

Bulk files with the same data for every official:

Freshness of this profile’s data

  • What politicians sayOct 27, 20261 days agoMembers of Congress: tweets since 2017; press releases, newsletters and floor speeches since 2022. State legislators: tweets since May 2024. Governors: tweets since January 2025. Labels from an LLM classifier.
  • Roll calls (state)Oct 21, 20267 days agoOpen States floor roll calls, 2019 on (none for AK and MO).
  • Bills (state)Oct 28, 2026todayOpen States bills and sponsors, 2019 on; stages from roll calls.
  • Campaign money (state)no dateState campaign-finance agencies, 2019 on; aggregates only.
  • Ideology (CSIP)Oct 25, 20263 days agoCommon-Space Ideal Points (CSIP), current validated run.
  • WebsitesOct 25, 20263 days agoWeekly crawls of federal sites since April 2026; monthly state crawls since June 2026.
  • State floor speechesOct 21, 20267 days agoState floor speech turns (published transcripts and captions), 2020 on; not LLM-classified.

How the measures work

What politicians say
Every post, press release, newsletter and congressional floor speech is read by a language model and marked for personal attacks, policy criticism, policy discussion, bipartisanship and credit claiming. A statement can be in several. Rates are shares of statements in the window. The methods paper.
Extreme labels
A statement has an extreme label when it calls a politician, party or policy “far left”, “far right”, “MAGA”, “extreme”, “radical”, “woke”, “fascist” or “communist”. The target is who the label is aimed at.
Policy areas and agreement
Statements and bills share 25 Congressional Research Service policy areas (state bills are assigned by a language model). Agreement is 1 − Jensen–Shannon distance between the two distributions, shown with at least 20 policy statements and 5 bills.
Ideology (CSIP)
Common-Space Ideal Points place federal and state officials on one left–right scale, estimated jointly from roll calls, campaign contributions and the text of statements, with standard errors. Only a validated run is shown. The methods paper.
Campaign money
Campaigns report by name only donors who give more than $200 in a cycle; smaller gifts are reported as one total. Federal totals and the small-donor share come from the FEC’s financial summaries of each campaign committee. Donor counts, donor states, employers and occupations cover itemized donors only. State filings report no small-gift totals, so state figures are itemized only. The lab never publishes donor names.
Votes and key votes
Attendance, party unity and the count of votes against the majority of an official’s own party come from roll calls (Voteview for Congress, chamber records for the states). Key votes are final-passage or override votes that became law, were decided by under 10%, saw at least 10% of a party vote against its majority, or concerned one of the 25 bills most mentioned in officials’ statements.
Peers and ranks
Comparisons are with the same party, chamber and level (for example House Democrats); state legislators are compared within their state and chamber for votes. Every comparison names its group. Rank 1 is the highest value in the group; tied values share the average of their ranks, and the percentile is the share of the group below the value, ties counting half.

America’s Political Pulse · Polarization Research Lab

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