United States
Members of Congress
- statements analyzed
- 805,071
- officials covered
- 539
- last updated
- Nov 8, 2026
What members of Congress say and do
What each party owns
Democrats name Health more often than Republicans do; Republicans name Armed Forces and Crime more often. Health is named in 25.5% of Democrats’ policy statements and 14.4% of Republicans’, a gap of 11.1 points; Armed Forces and National Security in 23.0% of Republicans’ and 16.6% of Democrats’, a gap of 6.4 points. On 6 of the 25 areas the two parties are within one point of each other.
Each bar is the share of Democrats’ policy statements that name an area minus the share of Republicans’ that do, in percentage points, among 539 members of Congress in the current term. Bars to the right are areas Democrats name more often; bars to the left, areas Republicans name more often. The AI model tags each policy statement with any of the Congressional Research Service’s 25 policy areas. The figures beside each bar are both parties’ shares.
Policy areas, Democrats minus Republicans
Share of policy statements naming each area, members of Congress, the current term, sorted by the gap
Show the data
| Policy area | Democrats | Republicans | Gap, D − R (points) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Health | 25.5% | 14.4% | +11.1 |
| Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 11.6% | 6.3% | +5.3 |
| Economics and Public Finance | 20.6% | 17.3% | +3.3 |
| Housing and Community Development | 5.6% | 3.6% | +2.0 |
| Government Operations and Politics | 20.2% | 18.2% | +2.0 |
| Law | 5.2% | 3.3% | +1.9 |
| Foreign Trade and International Finance | 5.4% | 3.5% | +1.9 |
| Environmental Protection | 5.3% | 3.6% | +1.7 |
| Labor and Employment | 7.0% | 5.5% | +1.5 |
| Education | 8.5% | 7.6% | +0.9 |
| Families | 4.1% | 3.5% | +0.6 |
| Emergency Management | 4.7% | 4.7% | 0.0 |
| Agriculture and Food | 8.4% | 8.3% | 0.0 |
| Water Resources Development | 2.2% | 2.4% | −0.1 |
| Public Lands and Natural Resources | 2.5% | 3.1% | −0.6 |
| Transportation and Public Works | 5.1% | 6.2% | −1.0 |
| Finance and Financial Sector | 2.2% | 3.4% | −1.2 |
| International Affairs | 9.1% | 10.3% | −1.2 |
| Science, Technology, Communications | 5.9% | 7.2% | −1.3 |
| Energy | 6.0% | 7.7% | −1.7 |
| Taxation | 6.9% | 8.9% | −2.0 |
| Commerce | 5.5% | 8.5% | −3.0 |
| Immigration | 10.0% | 13.2% | −3.2 |
| Crime and Law Enforcement | 8.6% | 12.5% | −3.9 |
| Armed Forces and National Security | 16.6% | 23.0% | −6.4 |
Notes
Health is the most-named area overall (20.5% of policy statements). Each side’s leading areas, labelled in its colour, are those at least one point apart and within half of that side’s widest gap, up to three.
Who stands out
The five highest rates on four kinds of statement among 539 members of Congress. An official needs at least 50 statements in the current term to be ranked.
An AI model labels every statement. An official’s rate is the share of their statements that carry a label.
Most personal attacks
Overtly questions a named person’s character, integrity or loyalty, or calls them names. Criticising a record or a policy does not count.
- 1Christopher MurphyDU.S. Senate · Connecticut28%
- 2Chris Van HollenDU.S. Senate · Maryland23%
- 3Lloyd DoggettDU.S. House · TX-3722%
- 4Tammy DuckworthDU.S. Senate · Illinois22%
- 5Chuck SchumerDU.S. Senate · New York21%
Most credit claiming
Claims credit for passing legislation, securing funding or grants, or other accomplishments in office.
- 1Hal RogersRU.S. House · KY-0571%
- 2Roger MarshallRU.S. Senate · Kansas69%
- 3John MoolenaarRU.S. House · MI-0269%
- 4Randy FeenstraRU.S. House · IA-0468%
- 5John JamesRU.S. House · MI-1063%
Most bipartisan language
Emphasises working across the aisle, compromise or common ground between the parties.
- 1Jon OssoffDU.S. Senate · Georgia50%
- 2Angus King Jr.IU.S. Senate · Maine41%
- 3John MannionDU.S. House · NY-2236%
- 4Susan CollinsRU.S. Senate · Maine35%
- 5Roger MarshallRU.S. Senate · Kansas34%
Most policy-focused
Discusses a specific public policy or policy area (health care, taxes, defense, …).
- 1Chris SmithRU.S. House · NJ-0497%
- 2Roger MarshallRU.S. Senate · Kansas93%
- 3Hal RogersRU.S. House · KY-0593%
- 4Christopher MurphyDU.S. Senate · Connecticut91%
- 5John MoolenaarRU.S. House · MI-0291%
Each official’s rates are on their profile and in the bulk file.
Party comparison
Democrats attack opponents personally 2.7 times as often as Republicans (8.1% of statements against 2.9%). 3.5% of Republican and 2.1% of Democratic statements carry an extreme label, most often aimed at Democrats.
Each bar is the share of a party’s statements that carry a label, pooled across 539 members of Congress in the current term. Officials who post more count more. A statement can carry several labels, so a party’s shares can sum to more than 100%.
Statements by label and party
Share of each party’s statements, the current term
- Personal attacks
- Policy criticism
- Policy discussion
- Bipartisanship
- Credit claiming
- Extreme labels
Show the data
| Measure | Democrats | Republicans |
|---|---|---|
| Personal attacks | 8.1% | 2.9% |
| Policy criticism | 30% | 15% |
| Policy discussion | 74% | 65% |
| Bipartisanship | 11% | 8.5% |
| Credit claiming | 23% | 34% |
| Extreme labels | 2.1% | 3.5% |
The measures
Personal attacks. Overtly questions a named person’s character, integrity or loyalty, or calls them names. Criticising a record or a policy does not count.
Policy criticism. Objects to a specific policy, law or court ruling with fact-based arguments, without personal attacks or emotional appeals.
Policy discussion. Discusses a specific public policy or policy area (health care, taxes, defense, …).
Bipartisanship. Emphasises working across the aisle, compromise or common ground between the parties.
Credit claiming. Claims credit for passing legislation, securing funding or grants, or other accomplishments in office.
Extreme labels. Calls a politician, a party or a policy “far left”, “far right”, “MAGA”, “extreme”, “radical”, “woke”, “fascist” or “communist”.
Independents are left out because there are too few of them. Their rates are on their profiles.
Personal attacks by venue
Share of statements by 539 members of Congress, the current term
Democrats’ personal-attack rate changes more with the venue than Republicans’. Democrats run from 7.2% of their posts on X to 13.2% of their newsletters; Republicans from 2.4% of their press releases to 4.5% of their newsletters.
Show the data
| Venue | Democrats: personal attacks | Democrats: statements | Republicans: personal attacks | Republicans: statements |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Posts on X | 7.2% | 325699 | 2.9% | 314034 |
| Press releases | 11.5% | 50638 | 2.4% | 34202 |
| Newsletters | 13.2% | 11160 | 4.5% | 15668 |
| Floor speeches | 10.5% | 23588 | 2.7% | 27139 |
Notes
Each point is the share of a party’s statements in one venue that the AI model labelled a personal attack, pooled across members. A line joins each party’s four venues. A statement counts once and carries the label if any of its passages does.
Posts on X are 80% of the 802,128 statements here, so the pooled rates elsewhere on this page sit closest to the X points.
A party needs 50 statements in a venue before its point is drawn.
Polarization
The median Democrat scores −1.02 and the median Republican +0.99 on the CSIP scale, a gap of 2.01. The gap widened from 1.87 in the 113th Congress to 2.01 in the 119th Congress.
CSIP, the lab’s Common-Space Ideal Point, places every official on one left–right scale estimated from roll-call votes, campaign contributions and the text of their statements. Negative scores are to the left and positive scores to the right. The gap is the distance between the two parties’ medians.
CSIP scores by party
← More liberal · 0 · More conservative →
Show the data
| Group | Officials | Median |
|---|---|---|
| Democrats | 262 | −1.0 |
| Republicans | 272 | +1.0 |
Medians: Democrats −1.02, Republicans +0.99. Gap: 2.01.
Gap between the party medians
Members of each Congress
Show the data
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| 113th Congress (2013–14) | 1.87 |
| 114th Congress (2015–16) | 1.94 |
| 115th Congress (2017–18) | 1.97 |
| 116th Congress (2019–20) | 1.97 |
| 117th Congress (2021–22) | 2.00 |
| 118th Congress (2023–24) | 2.01 |
| 119th Congress (2025–26) | 2.01 |
Notes
Each dot is one official, blue left of 0 and red right of 0, darker further from 0. Overlapping dots form darker patches where officials cluster. The rule in each row marks the party median.
Each official has a single score for 2014–2026, so the gap changes over time only as the membership of Congress turns over.
Each official’s score is on their profile, and the full table is in Downloads.
Trends in what politicians say
Policy discussion by Republicans moved most, from 62% of statements in Jan–Mar ’25 to 73% in Aug–Oct ’26.
Each strip is one label, with a row per party and a cell per month. Cells are shaded against the row’s own peak, and the peak and latest values are printed at the right. The sentence above each strip compares the first three complete months of the window with the last three. Party-months with fewer than 10 statements are hatched and excluded.
Monthly rates by party
Members of Congress, the current term · each row shaded against its own peak
Personal attacks
From Jan–Mar ’25 to Aug–Oct ’26, Democrats fell from 9.9% to 7.4%; Republicans fell from 3.8% to 2.5%.
Show the data
| Column | Democrats | Republicans |
|---|---|---|
| Jan ’25 | 7.1% | 4.0% |
| Feb ’25 | 12.3% | 3.5% |
| Mar ’25 | 10.2% | 3.7% |
| Apr ’25 | 8.1% | 2.4% |
| May ’25 | 7.0% | 3.1% |
| Jun ’25 | 6.3% | 3.2% |
| Jul ’25 | 6.3% | 3.7% |
| Aug ’25 | 5.6% | 2.9% |
| Sep ’25 | 6.4% | 3.0% |
| Oct ’25 | 6.6% | 4.0% |
| Nov ’25 | 7.4% | 3.3% |
| Dec ’25 | 7.7% | 2.7% |
| Jan ’26 | 10.7% | 3.0% |
| Feb ’26 | 9.7% | 2.1% |
| Mar ’26 | 7.5% | 2.2% |
| Apr ’26 | 9.5% | 2.4% |
| May ’26 | 8.0% | 1.9% |
| Jun ’26 | 8.6% | 2.3% |
| Jul ’26 | 8.9% | 2.9% |
| Aug ’26 | 8.4% | 3.0% |
| Sep ’26 | 7.4% | 2.2% |
| Oct ’26 | 6.4% | 2.1% |
| Nov ’26 | 5.0% | 2.4% |
Extreme labels
From Jan–Mar ’25 to Aug–Oct ’26, Democrats fell from 2.6% to 1.0%; Republicans fell from 4.4% to 1.5%.
Show the data
| Column | Democrats | Republicans |
|---|---|---|
| Jan ’25 | 2.5% | 4.4% |
| Feb ’25 | 2.8% | 4.0% |
| Mar ’25 | 2.5% | 4.7% |
| Apr ’25 | 2.4% | 3.3% |
| May ’25 | 2.0% | 3.1% |
| Jun ’25 | 2.8% | 3.6% |
| Jul ’25 | 1.9% | 3.5% |
| Aug ’25 | 2.6% | 3.2% |
| Sep ’25 | 2.6% | 5.7% |
| Oct ’25 | 3.0% | 8.3% |
| Nov ’25 | 2.2% | 5.4% |
| Dec ’25 | 1.4% | 2.1% |
| Jan ’26 | 1.4% | 1.7% |
| Feb ’26 | 2.7% | 3.0% |
| Mar ’26 | 2.2% | 3.6% |
| Apr ’26 | 1.3% | 1.7% |
| May ’26 | 2.1% | 2.6% |
| Jun ’26 | 2.8% | 3.4% |
| Jul ’26 | 1.7% | 2.5% |
| Aug ’26 | 1.1% | 1.7% |
| Sep ’26 | 1.1% | 1.5% |
| Oct ’26 | 0.9% | 1.3% |
| Nov ’26 | 1.5% | 1.6% |
Bipartisanship
From Jan–Mar ’25 to Aug–Oct ’26, Democrats fell from 12% to 8.2%; Republicans fell from 9.8% to 6.5%.
Show the data
| Column | Democrats | Republicans |
|---|---|---|
| Jan ’25 | 15.3% | 9.6% |
| Feb ’25 | 11.7% | 10.1% |
| Mar ’25 | 10.4% | 9.8% |
| Apr ’25 | 10.0% | 9.0% |
| May ’25 | 9.3% | 8.3% |
| Jun ’25 | 9.4% | 7.0% |
| Jul ’25 | 9.0% | 6.9% |
| Aug ’25 | 7.2% | 5.6% |
| Sep ’25 | 13.9% | 9.8% |
| Oct ’25 | 12.2% | 9.1% |
| Nov ’25 | 11.6% | 10.3% |
| Dec ’25 | 14.8% | 9.7% |
| Jan ’26 | 10.4% | 6.5% |
| Feb ’26 | 9.1% | 8.3% |
| Mar ’26 | 11.0% | 9.5% |
| Apr ’26 | 9.9% | 7.7% |
| May ’26 | 11.1% | 9.7% |
| Jun ’26 | 13.1% | 9.7% |
| Jul ’26 | 11.3% | 8.2% |
| Aug ’26 | 7.5% | 5.5% |
| Sep ’26 | 10.4% | 8.7% |
| Oct ’26 | 6.7% | 5.2% |
| Nov ’26 | 3.1% | 2.6% |
Policy discussion
From Jan–Mar ’25 to Aug–Oct ’26, Democrats rose from 72% to 82%; Republicans rose from 62% to 73%.
Show the data
| Column | Democrats | Republicans |
|---|---|---|
| Jan ’25 | 70.2% | 60.2% |
| Feb ’25 | 73.6% | 65.6% |
| Mar ’25 | 70.7% | 59.8% |
| Apr ’25 | 71.1% | 62.7% |
| May ’25 | 71.9% | 64.8% |
| Jun ’25 | 73.4% | 65.0% |
| Jul ’25 | 74.4% | 65.0% |
| Aug ’25 | 72.5% | 62.5% |
| Sep ’25 | 69.8% | 57.6% |
| Oct ’25 | 73.3% | 63.2% |
| Nov ’25 | 69.8% | 59.0% |
| Dec ’25 | 75.1% | 70.1% |
| Jan ’26 | 82.3% | 75.2% |
| Feb ’26 | 67.3% | 62.3% |
| Mar ’26 | 71.0% | 63.5% |
| Apr ’26 | 78.0% | 70.9% |
| May ’26 | 72.5% | 65.9% |
| Jun ’26 | 71.7% | 61.3% |
| Jul ’26 | 78.5% | 66.0% |
| Aug ’26 | 85.2% | 72.7% |
| Sep ’26 | 81.0% | 72.8% |
| Oct ’26 | 80.6% | 74.2% |
| Nov ’26 | 66.3% | 60.1% |
Notes
Nov ’26 is incomplete (data through Nov 8, 2026). It is drawn but excluded from every comparison.
No party-month here has fewer than ten statements.
Independents are excluded because there are too few of them for stable monthly rates.
Personal attacks by month
Members of Congress, Jan 2025 to Nov 2026 · Nov ’26 incomplete
Democrats’ personal attacks peaked in Feb 2025, at 12.3% of statements, the month after the inauguration; Republicans’ in Jan 2025, at 4.0% of statements, the month of the inauguration. In Oct 2026, the last complete month, the rates were 6.4% for Democrats and 2.1% for Republicans.
Show the data
| Date | Democrats | Republicans |
|---|---|---|
| Nov 2026 | 5.0% | 2.4% |
| Oct 2026 | 6.4% | 2.1% |
| Sep 2026 | 7.4% | 2.2% |
| Aug 2026 | 8.4% | 3.0% |
| Jul 2026 | 8.9% | 2.9% |
| Jun 2026 | 8.6% | 2.3% |
| May 2026 | 8.0% | 1.9% |
| Apr 2026 | 9.5% | 2.4% |
| Mar 2026 | 7.5% | 2.2% |
| Feb 2026 | 9.7% | 2.1% |
| Jan 2026 | 10.7% | 3.0% |
| Dec 2025 | 7.7% | 2.7% |
| Nov 2025 | 7.4% | 3.3% |
| Oct 2025 | 6.6% | 4.0% |
| Sep 2025 | 6.4% | 3.0% |
| Aug 2025 | 5.6% | 2.9% |
| Jul 2025 | 6.3% | 3.7% |
| Jun 2025 | 6.3% | 3.2% |
| May 2025 | 7.0% | 3.1% |
| Apr 2025 | 8.1% | 2.4% |
| Mar 2025 | 10.2% | 3.7% |
| Feb 2025 | 12.3% | 3.5% |
| Jan 2025 | 7.1% | 4.0% |
- 1Jan 20, 2025 Inauguration · calendar
- 2Apr 13, 2025 Arson at the Pennsylvania governor’s residence · lab violence record
- 3Jun 14, 2025 Two Minnesota legislators and their spouses shot at their homes · lab violence record
- 4Sep 10, 2025 Charlie Kirk shot in Orem, Utah · lab violence record
Notes
Each line is the monthly share of a party’s statements that the AI model labelled a personal attack, pooled across officials. The numbered rules mark acts of political violence from the lab’s record and fixed dates on the political calendar. They date events and make no claim about cause.
Party-months with fewer than 10 statements are omitted and break the line. Nov ’26 is incomplete; it is drawn but never counted as a peak.
Policy topics
Armed Forces and National Security led in Oct ’26, named in 18% of policy statements. Crime and Law Enforcement rose most from Sep ’26 (+2.5 pts); Science, Technology, Communications fell most (−2.9 pts).
The AI model tags each policy statement with any of 25 policy areas, so shares can sum to more than 100%. A share is the percentage of a month’s policy statements by members of Congress that name the area. The lists compare the last two complete months, with changes in percentage points. A month needs at least ten policy statements to be compared.
Most discussed, Oct ’26
20,899 policy statements; change since Sep ’26 in grey
- Armed Forces and National Security18% −2.5 pts
- Government Operations and Politics18% −2.2 pts
- Health16% −0.6 pts
- Economics and Public Finance16% −0.5 pts
- Crime and Law Enforcement12% +2.5 pts
Rising
Up most since Sep ’26
- Crime and Law Enforcement+2.5 pts
- Emergency Management+0.9 pts
- Housing and Community Development+0.9 pts
Falling
Down most since Sep ’26
- Science, Technology, Communications−2.9 pts
- Armed Forces and National Security−2.5 pts
- Law−2.5 pts
States
Officials’ personal attacks and residents’ affective polarization are weakly related across states. States where officials attack more tend to have more polarized residents. Personal attacks run from 0.4% of statements in North Dakota to 12.8% in Massachusetts; affective polarization runs from 48 points in Alaska to 56 in Maine. Across the 51 states on both maps, the correlation is 0.12.
The left map is the share of statements by each state’s congressional delegation that the AI model labelled a personal attack, the current term (members of Congress, by the state they represent). The right map is the lab’s survey estimate of affective polarization in each state: residents’ rating of their own party minus their rating of the other, on a 0–100 thermometer. Each state is a square of the same size, shaded by quintile; darker is higher.
Personal attacks by state
Share of statements, the current term · members of Congress
Show the data
| State | Personal attacks | Statements | Fifth |
|---|---|---|---|
| Massachusetts | 12.8% | 18812 | 5 of 5 |
| Rhode Island | 11.6% | 12467 | 5 of 5 |
| Vermont | 11.6% | 5741 | 5 of 5 |
| Connecticut | 10.7% | 13004 | 5 of 5 |
| Hawaii | 10.4% | 4176 | 5 of 5 |
| Maryland | 8.9% | 14455 | 5 of 5 |
| Illinois | 8.6% | 31198 | 5 of 5 |
| Nebraska | 8.5% | 18589 | 5 of 5 |
| Washington | 8.5% | 19448 | 5 of 5 |
| Colorado | 7.9% | 14221 | 5 of 5 |
| Oregon | 7.7% | 12353 | 5 of 5 |
| New Mexico | 7.7% | 9148 | 4 of 5 |
| Delaware | 7.1% | 4247 | 4 of 5 |
| New York | 7.0% | 44877 | 4 of 5 |
| California | 6.9% | 67857 | 4 of 5 |
| Virginia | 6.7% | 23373 | 4 of 5 |
| New Jersey | 6.5% | 23236 | 4 of 5 |
| South Carolina | 6.4% | 19023 | 4 of 5 |
| Wisconsin | 6.1% | 12186 | 4 of 5 |
| Arizona | 6.0% | 20632 | 4 of 5 |
| Minnesota | 5.8% | 15452 | 4 of 5 |
| Tennessee | 5.4% | 15756 | 3 of 5 |
| Kentucky | 4.9% | 12251 | 3 of 5 |
| Texas | 4.8% | 60028 | 3 of 5 |
| Nevada | 4.6% | 12515 | 3 of 5 |
| Michigan | 4.2% | 20087 | 3 of 5 |
| Florida | 3.9% | 48008 | 3 of 5 |
| Georgia | 3.8% | 16359 | 3 of 5 |
| Louisiana | 3.7% | 12081 | 3 of 5 |
| Ohio | 3.5% | 23945 | 3 of 5 |
| Pennsylvania | 3.4% | 21643 | 3 of 5 |
| Missouri | 3.2% | 17172 | 2 of 5 |
| District of Columbia | 3.0% | 1050 | 2 of 5 |
| New Hampshire | 2.9% | 7348 | 2 of 5 |
| North Carolina | 2.7% | 21362 | 2 of 5 |
| Maine | 2.7% | 3084 | 2 of 5 |
| Alabama | 2.4% | 11660 | 2 of 5 |
| Wyoming | 2.0% | 6200 | 2 of 5 |
| Mississippi | 1.7% | 4963 | 2 of 5 |
| Indiana | 1.7% | 12403 | 2 of 5 |
| Montana | 1.6% | 4015 | 2 of 5 |
| Alaska | 1.6% | 2293 | 1 of 5 |
| Iowa | 1.5% | 14986 | 1 of 5 |
| Utah | 1.3% | 6444 | 1 of 5 |
| Kansas | 1.1% | 7233 | 1 of 5 |
| Oklahoma | 1.0% | 5147 | 1 of 5 |
| Arkansas | 0.8% | 8332 | 1 of 5 |
| Idaho | 0.5% | 5085 | 1 of 5 |
| South Dakota | 0.5% | 6254 | 1 of 5 |
| West Virginia | 0.4% | 6035 | 1 of 5 |
| North Dakota | 0.4% | 4320 | 1 of 5 |
Affective polarization by state
Own-party minus other-party thermometer rating, 0–100 · survey estimate as of Nov 8, 2026
Show the data
| State | Affective polarization (points) | Respondents | Fifth |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maine | 56.0 | 510 | 5 of 5 |
| Montana | 53.9 | 431 | 5 of 5 |
| North Carolina | 53.9 | 3673 | 5 of 5 |
| Vermont | 53.7 | 230 | 5 of 5 |
| Wyoming | 53.5 | 227 | 5 of 5 |
| Virginia | 53.5 | 3323 | 5 of 5 |
| Nevada | 53.4 | 1723 | 5 of 5 |
| Alabama | 53.3 | 1760 | 5 of 5 |
| Massachusetts | 53.0 | 1928 | 5 of 5 |
| Iowa | 52.9 | 1219 | 5 of 5 |
| Minnesota | 52.9 | 2116 | 5 of 5 |
| Rhode Island | 52.9 | 327 | 4 of 5 |
| Arizona | 52.8 | 3353 | 4 of 5 |
| New Jersey | 52.8 | 3197 | 4 of 5 |
| Washington | 52.8 | 3244 | 4 of 5 |
| Michigan | 52.8 | 3821 | 4 of 5 |
| Florida | 52.8 | 10075 | 4 of 5 |
| South Carolina | 52.7 | 1853 | 4 of 5 |
| New Mexico | 52.7 | 949 | 4 of 5 |
| Mississippi | 52.5 | 791 | 4 of 5 |
| Ohio | 52.4 | 5062 | 4 of 5 |
| Connecticut | 52.4 | 1102 | 3 of 5 |
| Indiana | 52.3 | 2423 | 3 of 5 |
| Pennsylvania | 52.1 | 5743 | 3 of 5 |
| Tennessee | 52.1 | 2608 | 3 of 5 |
| Missouri | 52.0 | 2517 | 3 of 5 |
| Texas | 52.0 | 11953 | 3 of 5 |
| Georgia | 51.9 | 4539 | 3 of 5 |
| Wisconsin | 51.9 | 2502 | 3 of 5 |
| Arkansas | 51.9 | 1088 | 3 of 5 |
| North Dakota | 51.9 | 269 | 3 of 5 |
| New Hampshire | 51.8 | 456 | 2 of 5 |
| Oregon | 51.7 | 2259 | 2 of 5 |
| Colorado | 51.6 | 2192 | 2 of 5 |
| Louisiana | 51.6 | 1346 | 2 of 5 |
| South Dakota | 51.5 | 397 | 2 of 5 |
| Hawaii | 51.2 | 398 | 2 of 5 |
| California | 51.1 | 13813 | 2 of 5 |
| Nebraska | 51.0 | 717 | 2 of 5 |
| District of Columbia | 50.9 | 398 | 2 of 5 |
| West Virginia | 50.6 | 834 | 2 of 5 |
| Idaho | 50.5 | 684 | 1 of 5 |
| Kansas | 50.2 | 982 | 1 of 5 |
| Delaware | 50.2 | 430 | 1 of 5 |
| Illinois | 50.1 | 5019 | 1 of 5 |
| Maryland | 49.7 | 1891 | 1 of 5 |
| Oklahoma | 49.4 | 1325 | 1 of 5 |
| New York | 49.2 | 9106 | 1 of 5 |
| Kentucky | 48.9 | 1802 | 1 of 5 |
| Utah | 47.8 | 1053 | 1 of 5 |
| Alaska | 47.7 | 360 | 1 of 5 |
Show the 95% intervals
| State | Estimate | 95% interval | Respondents |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maine | 56.0 | 54.0–58.2 | 510 |
| Montana | 53.9 | 51.7–56.0 | 431 |
| North Carolina | 53.9 | 52.8–54.8 | 3673 |
| Vermont | 53.7 | 50.8–57.0 | 230 |
| Wyoming | 53.5 | 50.6–56.3 | 227 |
| Virginia | 53.5 | 52.1–54.6 | 3323 |
| Nevada | 53.4 | 51.9–54.9 | 1723 |
| Alabama | 53.3 | 51.8–54.7 | 1760 |
| Massachusetts | 53.0 | 51.3–54.4 | 1928 |
| Iowa | 52.9 | 51.3–54.5 | 1219 |
| Minnesota | 52.9 | 51.4–54.1 | 2116 |
| Rhode Island | 52.9 | 50.8–55.1 | 327 |
| Arizona | 52.8 | 51.6–54.1 | 3353 |
| New Jersey | 52.8 | 51.4–54.0 | 3197 |
| Washington | 52.8 | 51.1–54.2 | 3244 |
| Michigan | 52.8 | 51.6–53.8 | 3821 |
| Florida | 52.8 | 52.0–53.7 | 10075 |
| South Carolina | 52.7 | 51.2–54.1 | 1853 |
| New Mexico | 52.7 | 50.9–54.6 | 949 |
| Mississippi | 52.5 | 50.4–54.4 | 791 |
| Ohio | 52.4 | 51.4–53.6 | 5062 |
| Connecticut | 52.4 | 50.2–54.2 | 1102 |
| Indiana | 52.3 | 50.8–53.7 | 2423 |
| Pennsylvania | 52.1 | 51.2–53.1 | 5743 |
| Tennessee | 52.1 | 50.5–53.5 | 2608 |
| Missouri | 52.0 | 50.7–53.3 | 2517 |
| Texas | 52.0 | 51.1–52.9 | 11953 |
| Georgia | 51.9 | 50.6–53.2 | 4539 |
| Wisconsin | 51.9 | 50.3–53.2 | 2502 |
| Arkansas | 51.9 | 50.2–53.8 | 1088 |
| North Dakota | 51.9 | 49.4–54.8 | 269 |
| New Hampshire | 51.8 | 49.4–53.5 | 456 |
| Oregon | 51.7 | 50.2–53.0 | 2259 |
| Colorado | 51.6 | 49.9–53.1 | 2192 |
| Louisiana | 51.6 | 50.1–52.8 | 1346 |
| South Dakota | 51.5 | 49.3–53.9 | 397 |
| Hawaii | 51.2 | 48.5–54.0 | 398 |
| California | 51.1 | 49.7–52.5 | 13813 |
| Nebraska | 51.0 | 49.2–52.7 | 717 |
| District of Columbia | 50.9 | 46.3–55.2 | 398 |
| West Virginia | 50.6 | 48.2–53.0 | 834 |
| Idaho | 50.5 | 48.4–52.6 | 684 |
| Kansas | 50.2 | 48.7–52.3 | 982 |
| Delaware | 50.2 | 47.2–52.2 | 430 |
| Illinois | 50.1 | 48.8–51.1 | 5019 |
| Maryland | 49.7 | 47.8–51.6 | 1891 |
| Oklahoma | 49.4 | 47.7–51.5 | 1325 |
| New York | 49.2 | 48.1–50.1 | 9106 |
| Kentucky | 48.9 | 47.4–50.8 | 1802 |
| Utah | 47.8 | 46.1–49.9 | 1053 |
| Alaska | 47.7 | 45.6–49.9 | 360 |
Notes
Each map is cut at the quintiles of its own measure, so each shade holds about ten states. The correlation in the headline compares the two maps.
States whose officials made fewer than 100 statements in the window are hatched and excluded. The survey estimates come from a multilevel model fit to every wave (MRP), which also estimates small states. Most states fall within a few points of each other; the 95% intervals are in the table.
Challengers and incumbents
Challengers post personal attacks more often than the incumbents they face. On posts on X since Oct 1, 2025, the median challenger’s rate is 4.1% and the median incumbent’s 1.3%; 135 of 212 challengers post personal attacks more often than the incumbent they face and 69 less often, across 191 House and Senate races with both sides measured. The widest Senate gap is in Texas, 13.6 points.
Every 2026 House and Senate race with an incumbent running and at least one challenger. A candidate’s rate is the share of their posts on X that the AI model labelled a personal attack. Both sides are measured over the same months, since Oct 1, 2025, and incumbents’ press releases, newsletters and floor speeches are excluded. Candidates with fewer than 10 posts are left out.
Incumbents and challengers
Personal attacks, share of posts on X · 191 incumbents, 212 challengers · rates above 20% are drawn at the edge
Show the data
| Race | Candidate | Party | Status | Posts on X | Personal attacks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alaska At-Large | Nicholas Begich III | Republicans | Incumbent | 158 | 0.0% |
| Alaska At-Large | Matthew Schultz | Democrats | Challenger | 59 | 3.4% |
| Alaska Senate | Dan Sullivan | Republicans | Incumbent | 458 | 0.2% |
| Alaska Senate | Mary Peltola | Democrats | Challenger | 1119 | 4.6% |
| Alabama 5th District | Dale Strong | Republicans | Incumbent | 177 | 0.6% |
| Alabama 5th District | Andrew Sneed | Democrats | Challenger | 273 | 1.1% |
| Alabama Senate | Thomas Tuberville | Republicans | Incumbent | 1420 | 3.4% |
| Alabama Senate | Jared Hudson | Republicans | Challenger | 764 | 3.1% |
| Arkansas 2nd District | French Hill | Republicans | Incumbent | 285 | 0.0% |
| Arkansas 2nd District | Chris Jones | Democrats | Challenger | 579 | 1.2% |
| Arkansas 3rd District | Stephen Womack | Republicans | Incumbent | 645 | 0.0% |
| Arkansas 3rd District | Robb Ryerse | Democrats | Challenger | 60 | 6.7% |
| Arkansas Senate | Thomas Cotton | Republicans | Incumbent | 1346 | 1.1% |
| Arkansas Senate | Hallie Shoffner | Democrats | Challenger | 667 | 5.9% |
| Arizona 2nd District | Eli Crane | Republicans | Incumbent | 1939 | 2.3% |
| Arizona 2nd District | Jonathan Nez | Democrats | Challenger | 445 | 2.5% |
| Arizona 5th District | Andy Biggs | Republicans | Incumbent | 1511 | 3.3% |
| Arizona 5th District | Mark Lamb | Republicans | Challenger | 185 | 1.6% |
| Arizona 6th District | Juan Ciscomani | Republicans | Incumbent | 838 | 0.1% |
| Arizona 6th District | Joanna Mendoza | Democrats | Challenger | 471 | 4.5% |
| Arizona 8th District | Abraham Hamadeh | Republicans | Incumbent | 1104 | 3.9% |
| Arizona 8th District | Bernadette Greene-Placentia | Democrats | Challenger | 117 | 9.4% |
| California 1st District | Doug Lamalfa | Republicans | Incumbent | 274 | 0.4% |
| California 1st District | James Gallagher | Republicans | Challenger | 892 | 10.5% |
| California 1st District | Mike Mcguire | Democrats | Challenger | 465 | 4.1% |
| California 13th District | Adam Gray | Democrats | Incumbent | 107 | 0.0% |
| California 13th District | Kevin Lincoln II | Republicans | Challenger | 293 | 2.1% |
| California 17th District | Rohit Khanna | Democrats | Incumbent | 289 | 1.4% |
| California 17th District | Ritesh Tandon | Republicans | Challenger | 241 | 7.9% |
| California 18th District | Zoe Lofgren | Democrats | Incumbent | 499 | 8.2% |
| California 18th District | Shane Lewis | Republicans | Challenger | 171 | 0.0% |
| California 22nd District | David Valadao | Republicans | Incumbent | 302 | 0.3% |
| California 22nd District | Randy Villegas | Democrats | Challenger | 335 | 4.5% |
| California 24th District | Salud Carbajal | Democrats | Incumbent | 408 | 5.4% |
| California 24th District | Robert Smith | Republicans | Challenger | 230 | 0.0% |
| California 25th District | Raul Ruiz | Democrats | Incumbent | 351 | 6.3% |
| California 25th District | Joe Males | Republicans | Challenger | 46 | 0.0% |
| California 31st District | Gilbert Cisneros | Democrats | Incumbent | 739 | 6.5% |
| California 31st District | Gilbert Cisneros | Democrats | Challenger | 31 | 0.0% |
| California 32nd District | Brad Sherman | Democrats | Incumbent | 502 | 6.0% |
| California 32nd District | Larry Thompson | Republicans | Challenger | 220 | 4.1% |
| California 34th District | Jimmy Gomez | Democrats | Incumbent | 344 | 19.5% |
| California 34th District | Angela Gonzales-Torres | Democrats | Challenger | 209 | 6.2% |
| California 35th District | Norma Torres | Democrats | Incumbent | 613 | 5.5% |
| California 35th District | Mike Cargile | Republicans | Challenger | 1038 | 8.9% |
| California 36th District | Ted Lieu | Democrats | Incumbent | 636 | 11.2% |
| California 36th District | Houston Brignano | Republicans | Challenger | 208 | 0.0% |
| California 4th District | Mike Thompson | Democrats | Incumbent | 1310 | 1.1% |
| California 4th District | Eric Jones | Democrats | Challenger | 309 | 1.3% |
| California 46th District | Lou Correa | Democrats | Incumbent | 191 | 0.0% |
| California 46th District | David Pan | Republicans | Challenger | 260 | 0.0% |
| California 48th District | Darrell Issa | Republicans | Incumbent | 126 | 11.1% |
| California 48th District | Marni Von Wilpert | Democrats | Challenger | 339 | 4.1% |
| California 5th District | Thomas Mcclintock | Republicans | Incumbent | 141 | 2.8% |
| California 5th District | Michael Masuda | Democrats | Challenger | 166 | 4.2% |
| California 6th District | Kevin Kiley | Republicans | Incumbent | 335 | 3.9% |
| California 6th District | Richard Pan | Democrats | Challenger | 299 | 14.1% |
| California 7th District | Doris Matsui | Democrats | Incumbent | 567 | 8.3% |
| California 7th District | Mai Vang | Democrats | Challenger | 160 | 2.5% |
| California 8th District | John Garamendi | Democrats | Incumbent | 439 | 15.7% |
| California 8th District | Rudy Recile | Republicans | Challenger | 564 | 1.1% |
| California 9th District | Josh Harder | Democrats | Incumbent | 278 | 0.4% |
| California 9th District | John Mcbride | Republicans | Challenger | 856 | 4.0% |
| Colorado 1st District | Diana Degette | Democrats | Incumbent | 392 | 11.0% |
| Colorado 1st District | Melat Kiros | Democrats | Challenger | 440 | 3.6% |
| Colorado 4th District | Lauren Boebert | Republicans | Incumbent | 420 | 5.0% |
| Colorado 4th District | Eileen Laubacher | Democrats | Challenger | 609 | 6.6% |
| Colorado 5th District | Jeff Crank | Republicans | Incumbent | 580 | 0.3% |
| Colorado 5th District | Jessica Killin | Democrats | Challenger | 483 | 3.5% |
| Colorado 8th District | Timothy Evans | Republicans | Incumbent | 496 | 0.8% |
| Colorado 8th District | Manny Rutinel | Democrats | Challenger | 204 | 3.4% |
| Colorado Senate | John Hickenlooper | Democrats | Incumbent | 1167 | 7.9% |
| Colorado Senate | Mark Baisley | Republicans | Challenger | 83 | 0.0% |
| Connecticut 1st District | John Larson | Democrats | Incumbent | 1415 | 11.8% |
| Connecticut 1st District | Luke Bronin | Democrats | Challenger | 259 | 6.6% |
| Connecticut 5th District | Jahana Hayes | Democrats | Incumbent | 627 | 0.2% |
| Connecticut 5th District | Chris Shea | Republicans | Challenger | 280 | 6.8% |
| Delaware At-Large | Sarah Mcbride | Democrats | Incumbent | 431 | 6.0% |
| Delaware At-Large | Lee Murphy | Republicans | Challenger | 43 | 30.2% |
| Delaware Senate | Christopher Coons | Democrats | Incumbent | 704 | 9.2% |
| Delaware Senate | Michael Katz | Republicans | Challenger | 32 | 3.1% |
| Florida 1st District | Jimmy Patronis | Republicans | Incumbent | 820 | 1.2% |
| Florida 1st District | Jimmy Patronis Jr. | Republicans | Challenger | 1962 | 3.8% |
| Florida 11th District | Daniel Webster | Republicans | Incumbent | 199 | 0.0% |
| Florida 11th District | Barbara Hall | Democrats | Challenger | 2080 | 16.8% |
| Florida 11th District | Michael Wilnau | Republicans | Challenger | 5585 | 8.7% |
| Florida 11th District | Dan Williams | Democrats | Challenger | 51 | 0.0% |
| Florida 16th District | Vernon Buchanan | Republicans | Incumbent | 809 | 0.1% |
| Florida 16th District | Jonathan Harris | Democrats | Challenger | 95 | 2.1% |
| Florida 19th District | Byron Donalds | Republicans | Incumbent | 412 | 4.4% |
| Florida 19th District | Jim Schwartzel | Republicans | Challenger | 171 | 2.9% |
| Florida 2nd District | Neal Dunn | Republicans | Incumbent | 239 | 0.0% |
| Florida 2nd District | Amanda Green | Democrats | Challenger | 401 | 1.0% |
| Florida 2nd District | Austin Rogers | Republicans | Challenger | 241 | 0.4% |
| Florida 21st District | Brian Mast | Republicans | Incumbent | 1159 | 0.4% |
| Florida 21st District | James Martin | Democrats | Challenger | 344 | 6.1% |
| Florida 25th District | Jared Moskowitz | Democrats | Incumbent | 1001 | 6.5% |
| Florida 25th District | Scott Singer | Republicans | Challenger | 721 | 2.6% |
| Florida 25th District | George Moraitis | Republicans | Challenger | 160 | 1.3% |
| Florida 28th District | Carlos Gimenez | Republicans | Incumbent | 1944 | 5.6% |
| Florida 28th District | Phil Ehr | Democrats | Challenger | 1982 | 13.2% |
| Florida 6th District | Michael Waltz | Republicans | Incumbent | 262 | 7.6% |
| Florida 6th District | Eric Yonce | Democrats | Challenger | 363 | 16.0% |
| Florida 7th District | Cory Mills | Republicans | Incumbent | 573 | 0.4% |
| Florida 7th District | Bale Dalton | Democrats | Challenger | 319 | 9.1% |
| Florida Senate | Ashley Moody | Republicans | Incumbent | 1046 | 1.6% |
| Florida Senate | Angela Nixon | Democrats | Challenger | 1689 | 6.3% |
| Georgia 13th District | David Scott | Democrats | Incumbent | 51 | 9.8% |
| Georgia 13th District | Jonathan Chavez | Republicans | Challenger | 17 | 5.9% |
| Georgia 13th District | Jasmine Clark | Democrats | Challenger | 548 | 4.4% |
| Georgia 3rd District | Brian Jack | Republicans | Incumbent | 80 | 0.0% |
| Georgia 3rd District | Maura Keller | Democrats | Challenger | 136 | 1.5% |
| Georgia 7th District | Richard Mccormick | Republicans | Incumbent | 1066 | 0.4% |
| Georgia 7th District | Case Norton | Democrats | Challenger | 171 | 42.1% |
| Georgia Senate | Jon Ossoff | Democrats | Incumbent | 89 | 5.6% |
| Georgia Senate | Michael Collins Jr | Republicans | Challenger | 1547 | 4.9% |
| Georgia Senate | Derek Dooley | Republicans | Challenger | 486 | 2.7% |
| Iowa 1st District | Mariannette Miller-Meeks | Republicans | Incumbent | 968 | 0.2% |
| Iowa 1st District | Christina Bohannan | Democrats | Challenger | 653 | 4.1% |
| Iowa 3rd District | Zach Nunn | Republicans | Incumbent | 1245 | 0.0% |
| Iowa 3rd District | Sarah Trone Garriott | Democrats | Challenger | 378 | 3.7% |
| Idaho 1st District | Russell Fulcher | Republicans | Incumbent | 272 | 0.0% |
| Idaho 1st District | Kaylee Peterson | Democrats | Challenger | 15 | 0.0% |
| Illinois 1st District | Jonathan Jackson | Democrats | Incumbent | 493 | 5.9% |
| Illinois 1st District | Christian Maxwell | Republicans | Challenger | 5586 | 6.3% |
| Illinois 11th District | Bill Foster | Democrats | Incumbent | 433 | 5.1% |
| Illinois 11th District | Jeffrey Walter | Republicans | Challenger | 934 | 0.4% |
| Illinois 12th District | Michael Bost | Republicans | Incumbent | 305 | 0.0% |
| Illinois 12th District | Julie Fortier | Democrats | Challenger | 407 | 1.2% |
| Illinois 14th District | Lauren Underwood | Democrats | Incumbent | 180 | 2.8% |
| Illinois 14th District | James Marter | Republicans | Challenger | 309 | 13.9% |
| Illinois 16th District | Darin Lahood | Republicans | Incumbent | 406 | 0.0% |
| Illinois 16th District | Paul Nolley | Democrats | Challenger | 93 | 4.3% |
| Illinois 17th District | Eric Sorensen | Democrats | Incumbent | 521 | 1.1% |
| Illinois 17th District | Dillan Vancil | Republicans | Challenger | 14 | 7.1% |
| Illinois 3rd District | Delia Ramirez | Democrats | Incumbent | 1479 | 12.8% |
| Illinois 3rd District | Angel Oakley | Republicans | Challenger | 107 | 1.9% |
| Indiana 1st District | Frank Mrvan | Democrats | Incumbent | 238 | 0.8% |
| Indiana 1st District | Barb Regnitz | Republicans | Challenger | 125 | 3.2% |
| Indiana 3rd District | Marlin Stutzman | Republicans | Incumbent | 607 | 2.1% |
| Indiana 3rd District | Kelly Thompson | Democrats | Challenger | 341 | 5.6% |
| Indiana 3rd District | Marlin Stutzman | Republicans | Challenger | 58 | 0.0% |
| Indiana 4th District | James Baird | Republicans | Incumbent | 521 | 0.0% |
| Indiana 4th District | Drew Cox | Democrats | Challenger | 134 | 4.5% |
| Indiana 5th District | Victoria Spartz | Republicans | Incumbent | 273 | 2.2% |
| Indiana 5th District | J.D. Ford | Democrats | Challenger | 85 | 0.0% |
| Indiana 9th District | Erin Houchin | Republicans | Incumbent | 471 | 0.0% |
| Indiana 9th District | Bradley Meyer | Democrats | Challenger | 229 | 0.0% |
| Kansas 2nd District | Derek Schmidt | Republicans | Incumbent | 480 | 0.6% |
| Kansas 2nd District | Don Coover | Democrats | Challenger | 239 | 3.8% |
| Kentucky 1st District | James Comer | Republicans | Incumbent | 354 | 11.9% |
| Kentucky 1st District | John Williams | Democrats | Challenger | 677 | 0.1% |
| Kentucky 2nd District | Brett Guthrie | Republicans | Incumbent | 347 | 0.0% |
| Kentucky 2nd District | Megan Wingfield | Democrats | Challenger | 13 | 23.1% |
| Kentucky 4th District | Thomas Massie | Republicans | Incumbent | 2333 | 5.1% |
| Kentucky 4th District | Ed Gallrein | Republicans | Challenger | 364 | 3.3% |
| Kentucky 4th District | Melissa Strange | Democrats | Challenger | 96 | 3.1% |
| Louisiana 1st District | Steve Scalise | Republicans | Incumbent | 541 | 3.0% |
| Louisiana 1st District | Lauren Jewett | Democrats | Challenger | 133 | 0.0% |
| Louisiana 4th District | James Johnson | Republicans | Incumbent | 1028 | 2.6% |
| Louisiana 4th District | Conrad Cable | Democrats | Challenger | 305 | 2.9% |
| Louisiana 5th District | Julia Letlow | Republicans | Incumbent | 609 | 0.2% |
| Louisiana 5th District | Stewart Cathey Jr. | Republicans | Challenger | 170 | 10.0% |
| Louisiana 5th District | Dixon Mcmakin | Republicans | Challenger | 61 | 0.0% |
| Louisiana 5th District | Larry Foy | Democrats | Challenger | 41 | 0.0% |
| Louisiana 5th District | Misti Cordell | Republicans | Challenger | 16 | 0.0% |
| Louisiana 6th District | Cleo Fields | Democrats | Incumbent | 53 | 0.0% |
| Louisiana 6th District | Larry Davis III | Republicans | Challenger | 66 | 4.5% |
| Massachusetts Senate | Edward Markey | Democrats | Incumbent | 1230 | 10.8% |
| Massachusetts Senate | John Deaton | Republicans | Challenger | 2591 | 9.9% |
| Maryland 1st District | Andrew Harris | Republicans | Incumbent | 509 | 1.6% |
| Maryland 1st District | Daniel Schwartz | Democrats | Challenger | 178 | 9.6% |
| Maryland 6th District | April Delaney | Democrats | Incumbent | 707 | 7.1% |
| Maryland 6th District | Robin Ficker | Republicans | Challenger | 121 | 4.1% |
| Maryland 8th District | Jamie Raskin | Democrats | Incumbent | 573 | 15.4% |
| Maryland 8th District | Cheryl Riley | Republicans | Challenger | 1186 | 12.1% |
| Maine 1st District | Chellie Pingree | Democrats | Incumbent | 162 | 13.0% |
| Maine 1st District | Ronald Russell | Republicans | Challenger | 61 | 4.9% |
| Maine Senate | Susan Collins | Republicans | Incumbent | 363 | 0.0% |
| Maine Senate | Graham Platner | Democrats | Challenger | 783 | 9.6% |
| Michigan 1st District | John Bergman | Republicans | Incumbent | 15 | 0.0% |
| Michigan 1st District | Callie Barr | Democrats | Challenger | 412 | 2.7% |
| Michigan 13th District | Shri Thanedar | Democrats | Incumbent | 1369 | 22.0% |
| Michigan 13th District | Donavan Mckinney | Democrats | Challenger | 372 | 3.0% |
| Michigan 4th District | William Huizenga | Republicans | Incumbent | 183 | 0.0% |
| Michigan 4th District | Sean Mccann | Democrats | Challenger | 336 | 2.1% |
| Michigan 5th District | Timothy Walberg | Republicans | Incumbent | 660 | 0.1% |
| Michigan 5th District | Christian Vukasovich | Democrats | Challenger | 400 | 8.8% |
| Michigan 7th District | Thomas Barrett | Republicans | Incumbent | 788 | 0.3% |
| Michigan 7th District | William Lawrence | Democrats | Challenger | 837 | 7.2% |
| Minnesota 3rd District | Kelly Morrison | Democrats | Incumbent | 632 | 7.0% |
| Minnesota 3rd District | Tyler Bass | Republicans | Challenger | 166 | 12.0% |
| Minnesota 5th District | Ilhan Omar | Democrats | Incumbent | 418 | 5.0% |
| Minnesota 5th District | John Nagel | Republicans | Challenger | 4898 | 11.9% |
| Missouri 2nd District | Ann Wagner | Republicans | Incumbent | 284 | 0.0% |
| Missouri 2nd District | Frederick Wellman | Democrats | Challenger | 1288 | 2.7% |
| Missouri 7th District | Eric Burlison | Republicans | Incumbent | 924 | 1.7% |
| Missouri 7th District | Missi Hesketh | Democrats | Challenger | 611 | 9.3% |
| Missouri 8th District | Jason Smith | Republicans | Incumbent | 524 | 1.7% |
| Missouri 8th District | Christopher Reichard | Democrats | Challenger | 36 | 2.8% |
| Mississippi 1st District | John Kelly | Republicans | Incumbent | 68 | 0.0% |
| Mississippi 1st District | Cliff Johnson | Democrats | Challenger | 29 | 0.0% |
| Mississippi 2nd District | Bennie Thompson | Democrats | Incumbent | 319 | 9.7% |
| Mississippi 2nd District | Ron Eller | Republicans | Challenger | 164 | 3.0% |
| Mississippi Senate | Cindy Hyde-Smith | Republicans | Incumbent | 561 | 0.0% |
| Mississippi Senate | Scott Colom | Democrats | Challenger | 1152 | 4.3% |
| Montana 1st District | Ryan Zinke | Republicans | Incumbent | 298 | 0.7% |
| Montana 1st District | Samuel Forstag | Democrats | Challenger | 419 | 4.3% |
| North Carolina 1st District | Don Davis | Democrats | Incumbent | 1049 | 0.0% |
| North Carolina 1st District | Laurie Buckhout | Republicans | Challenger | 591 | 5.8% |
| North Carolina 11th District | Chuck Edwards | Republicans | Incumbent | 513 | 0.0% |
| North Carolina 11th District | Jamie Ager | Democrats | Challenger | 193 | 1.6% |
| North Carolina 12th District | Alma Adams | Democrats | Incumbent | 116 | 3.5% |
| North Carolina 12th District | John Codiga | Republicans | Challenger | 141 | 5.0% |
| North Carolina 13th District | Brad Knott | Republicans | Incumbent | 694 | 4.6% |
| North Carolina 13th District | Paul Barringer | Democrats | Challenger | 971 | 0.9% |
| North Carolina 2nd District | Deborah Ross | Democrats | Incumbent | 620 | 6.0% |
| North Carolina 2nd District | Eugene Douglass | Republicans | Challenger | 5423 | 23.9% |
| North Carolina 3rd District | Gregory Murphy | Republicans | Incumbent | 713 | 3.9% |
| North Carolina 3rd District | Raymond Smith Jr. | Democrats | Challenger | 58 | 0.0% |
| North Carolina 4th District | Valerie Foushee | Democrats | Incumbent | 704 | 4.1% |
| North Carolina 4th District | Nida Allam | Democrats | Challenger | 211 | 2.4% |
| North Carolina 5th District | Virginia Foxx | Republicans | Incumbent | 208 | 8.2% |
| North Carolina 5th District | Chuck Hubbard | Democrats | Challenger | 221 | 3.6% |
| North Carolina 7th District | David Rouzer | Republicans | Incumbent | 198 | 0.0% |
| North Carolina 7th District | Kimberly Hardy | Democrats | Challenger | 127 | 0.0% |
| North Carolina 9th District | Richard Hudson Jr. | Republicans | Incumbent | 407 | 0.7% |
| North Carolina 9th District | Richard Ojeda | Democrats | Challenger | 658 | 6.4% |
| North Dakota At-Large | Julie Fedorchak | Republicans | Incumbent | 466 | 0.9% |
| North Dakota At-Large | Trygve Hammer | Democrats | Challenger | 28 | 35.7% |
| Nebraska 1st District | Mike Flood | Republicans | Incumbent | 489 | 0.2% |
| Nebraska 1st District | Christopher Backemeyer | Democrats | Challenger | 342 | 7.0% |
| Nebraska 3rd District | Adrian Smith | Republicans | Incumbent | 386 | 0.0% |
| Nebraska 3rd District | Becky Stille | Democrats | Challenger | 20 | 5.0% |
| New Hampshire 1st District | Chris Pappas | Democrats | Incumbent | 900 | 0.8% |
| New Hampshire 1st District | Stefany Shaheen | Democrats | Challenger | 944 | 4.3% |
| New Hampshire 1st District | Anthony Dilorenzo | Republicans | Challenger | 380 | 2.9% |
| New Hampshire 2nd District | Maggie Goodlander | Democrats | Incumbent | 807 | 1.9% |
| New Hampshire 2nd District | Lily Williams | Republicans | Challenger | 3761 | 2.6% |
| New Jersey 11th District | Mikie Sherrill | Democrats | Incumbent | 469 | 3.4% |
| New Jersey 11th District | Joe Hathaway | Republicans | Challenger | 805 | 3.5% |
| New Jersey 11th District | Analilia Mejia | Democrats | Challenger | 856 | 2.3% |
| New Jersey 3rd District | Herb Conaway | Democrats | Incumbent | 152 | 11.8% |
| New Jersey 3rd District | Michael Mcguire | Republicans | Challenger | 372 | 6.7% |
| New Jersey 5th District | Josh Gottheimer | Democrats | Incumbent | 1453 | 1.5% |
| New Jersey 5th District | Sean Kirrane | Republicans | Challenger | 160 | 3.8% |
| New Jersey 6th District | Frank Pallone Jr | Democrats | Incumbent | 1736 | 12.3% |
| New Jersey 6th District | Hillary Herzig | Republicans | Challenger | 954 | 8.1% |
| New Jersey 7th District | Thomas Kean Jr. | Republicans | Incumbent | 784 | 0.0% |
| New Jersey 7th District | Rebecca Bennett | Democrats | Challenger | 972 | 2.7% |
| New Jersey 9th District | Nelida Pou | Democrats | Incumbent | 895 | 4.1% |
| New Jersey 9th District | Rosemary Pino | Republicans | Challenger | 175 | 1.1% |
| New Jersey Senate | Cory Booker | Democrats | Incumbent | 444 | 5.9% |
| New Jersey Senate | Justin Murphy | Republicans | Challenger | 583 | 4.3% |
| New Mexico 1st District | Melanie Stansbury | Democrats | Incumbent | 1370 | 5.6% |
| New Mexico 1st District | Ndidiamaka Okpareke | Republicans | Challenger | 95 | 2.1% |
| New Mexico 2nd District | Gabriel Vasquez | Democrats | Incumbent | 448 | 0.9% |
| New Mexico 2nd District | Greg Cunningham | Republicans | Challenger | 450 | 1.8% |
| New Mexico 3rd District | Teresa Leger Fernandez | Democrats | Incumbent | 647 | 7.1% |
| New Mexico 3rd District | Martin Zamora | Republicans | Challenger | 65 | 1.5% |
| Nevada 1st District | Dina Titus | Democrats | Incumbent | 1380 | 3.1% |
| Nevada 1st District | Carrie Buck | Republicans | Challenger | 245 | 6.5% |
| Nevada 2nd District | Mark Amodei | Republicans | Incumbent | 75 | 1.3% |
| Nevada 2nd District | Rick Shepherd | Republicans | Challenger | 1050 | 9.4% |
| Nevada 2nd District | David Flippo | Republicans | Challenger | 502 | 3.0% |
| Nevada 2nd District | Matthew Fonken | Democrats | Challenger | 76 | 1.3% |
| Nevada 3rd District | Susie Lee | Democrats | Incumbent | 809 | 0.7% |
| Nevada 3rd District | Marty O'Donnell | Republicans | Challenger | 961 | 10.1% |
| Nevada 4th District | Steven Horsford | Democrats | Incumbent | 1529 | 0.3% |
| Nevada 4th District | Cody Whipple | Republicans | Challenger | 158 | 1.9% |
| New York 1st District | Lalota Nick | Republicans | Incumbent | 770 | 1.2% |
| New York 1st District | Christopher Gallant | Democrats | Challenger | 371 | 1.6% |
| New York 10th District | Daniel Goldman | Democrats | Incumbent | 915 | 14.5% |
| New York 10th District | Brad Lander | Democrats | Challenger | 1073 | 4.9% |
| New York 11th District | Nicole Malliotakis | Republicans | Incumbent | 961 | 1.3% |
| New York 11th District | Michael Decillis | Democrats | Challenger | 246 | 4.9% |
| New York 13th District | Adriano Espaillat | Democrats | Incumbent | 1185 | 2.3% |
| New York 13th District | Darializa Avila Chevalier | Democrats | Challenger | 388 | 3.6% |
| New York 14th District | Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez | Democrats | Incumbent | 185 | 2.7% |
| New York 14th District | Diamant Hysenaj | Republicans | Challenger | 209 | 5.7% |
| New York 17th District | Michael Lawler | Republicans | Incumbent | 1296 | 0.5% |
| New York 17th District | Cait Conley | Democrats | Challenger | 1000 | 7.6% |
| New York 19th District | Josh Riley | Democrats | Incumbent | 578 | 0.2% |
| New York 19th District | Peter Oberacker Jr | Republicans | Challenger | 808 | 5.6% |
| New York 2nd District | Andrew Garbarino | Republicans | Incumbent | 310 | 0.0% |
| New York 2nd District | Patrick Halpin | Democrats | Challenger | 12 | 41.7% |
| New York 23rd District | Nick Langworthy | Republicans | Incumbent | 658 | 0.9% |
| New York 23rd District | Aaron Gies | Democrats | Challenger | 259 | 2.7% |
| New York 24th District | Claudia Tenney | Republicans | Incumbent | 1062 | 5.5% |
| New York 24th District | Alissa Ellman | Democrats | Challenger | 119 | 11.8% |
| New York 3rd District | Thomas Suozzi | Democrats | Incumbent | 1094 | 0.8% |
| New York 3rd District | Mike Lipetri | Republicans | Challenger | 468 | 13.0% |
| New York 9th District | Yvette Clarke | Democrats | Incumbent | 409 | 13.7% |
| New York 9th District | Joel Anabilah-Azumah | Republicans | Challenger | 1287 | 5.1% |
| Ohio 1st District | Greg Landsman | Democrats | Incumbent | 1058 | 3.7% |
| Ohio 1st District | Eric Conroy | Republicans | Challenger | 250 | 5.2% |
| Ohio 10th District | Michael Turner | Republicans | Incumbent | 389 | 0.3% |
| Ohio 10th District | Kristina Knickerbocker | Democrats | Challenger | 183 | 8.7% |
| Ohio 12th District | William Balderson | Republicans | Incumbent | 211 | 0.0% |
| Ohio 12th District | Jerrad Christian | Democrats | Challenger | 1181 | 10.2% |
| Ohio 13th District | Emilia Sykes | Democrats | Incumbent | 634 | 0.2% |
| Ohio 13th District | Carey Coleman | Republicans | Challenger | 71 | 2.8% |
| Ohio 7th District | Max Miller | Republicans | Incumbent | 192 | 0.5% |
| Ohio 7th District | Brian Poindexter | Democrats | Challenger | 348 | 2.9% |
| Ohio 9th District | Marcy Kaptur | Democrats | Incumbent | 675 | 1.3% |
| Ohio 9th District | Derek Merrin | Republicans | Challenger | 205 | 3.9% |
| Ohio Senate | Jon Husted | Republicans | Incumbent | 971 | 0.1% |
| Ohio Senate | Sherrod Brown | Democrats | Challenger | 954 | 8.4% |
| Oklahoma 5th District | Stephanie Bice | Republicans | Incumbent | 409 | 0.2% |
| Oklahoma 5th District | Jena Nelson | Democrats | Challenger | 413 | 11.1% |
| Oregon 4th District | Valerie Hoyle | Democrats | Incumbent | 421 | 2.6% |
| Oregon 4th District | Monique Despain | Republicans | Challenger | 416 | 5.5% |
| Oregon 5th District | Janelle Bynum | Democrats | Incumbent | 732 | 2.9% |
| Oregon 5th District | Patti Adair | Republicans | Challenger | 305 | 2.0% |
| Pennsylvania 10th District | Scott Perry | Republicans | Incumbent | 412 | 4.6% |
| Pennsylvania 10th District | Janelle Stelson | Democrats | Challenger | 581 | 5.3% |
| Pennsylvania 11th District | Lloyd Smucker | Republicans | Incumbent | 469 | 0.4% |
| Pennsylvania 11th District | Nancy Mannion | Democrats | Challenger | 159 | 1.3% |
| Pennsylvania 12th District | Summer Lee | Democrats | Incumbent | 619 | 4.0% |
| Pennsylvania 12th District | James Hayes | Republicans | Challenger | 595 | 2.5% |
| Pennsylvania 14th District | Guy Reschenthaler | Republicans | Incumbent | 15 | 0.0% |
| Pennsylvania 14th District | David Bradstock | Democrats | Challenger | 78 | 0.0% |
| Pennsylvania 7th District | Ryan Mackenzie | Republicans | Incumbent | 444 | 0.0% |
| Pennsylvania 7th District | Bob Brooks | Democrats | Challenger | 629 | 11.6% |
| Pennsylvania 9th District | Daniel Meuser | Republicans | Incumbent | 765 | 1.2% |
| Pennsylvania 9th District | Rachel Wallace | Democrats | Challenger | 358 | 4.2% |
| Rhode Island 2nd District | Seth Magaziner | Democrats | Incumbent | 1196 | 1.8% |
| Rhode Island 2nd District | Victor Mellor | Republicans | Challenger | 1171 | 2.1% |
| Rhode Island Senate | John Reed | Democrats | Incumbent | 664 | 4.2% |
| Rhode Island Senate | Raymond Mckay | Republicans | Challenger | 70 | 5.7% |
| South Carolina 7th District | Russell Fry | Republicans | Incumbent | 627 | 3.7% |
| South Carolina 7th District | John Vincent | Democrats | Challenger | 36 | 2.8% |
| South Dakota Senate | Mike Rounds | Republicans | Incumbent | 445 | 0.2% |
| South Dakota Senate | Julian Beaudion | Democrats | Challenger | 213 | 4.2% |
| Tennessee 4th District | Scott Desjarlais | Republicans | Incumbent | 151 | 0.7% |
| Tennessee 4th District | Victoria Broderick | Democrats | Challenger | 29 | 10.3% |
| Tennessee 5th District | Andy Ogles | Republicans | Incumbent | 1191 | 6.1% |
| Tennessee 5th District | Chaz Molder | Democrats | Challenger | 731 | 1.1% |
| Tennessee 5th District | Charlie Hatcher | Republicans | Challenger | 137 | 0.0% |
| Tennessee 6th District | John Rose | Republicans | Incumbent | 361 | 3.6% |
| Tennessee 6th District | Johnny Garrett | Republicans | Challenger | 559 | 2.0% |
| Tennessee 9th District | Steve Cohen | Democrats | Incumbent | 484 | 17.2% |
| Tennessee 9th District | Justin Pearson | Democrats | Challenger | 478 | 4.6% |
| Texas 15th District | Monica De La Cruz | Republicans | Incumbent | 481 | 0.0% |
| Texas 15th District | Bobby Pulido | Democrats | Challenger | 284 | 0.4% |
| Texas 17th District | Pete Sessions | Republicans | Incumbent | 218 | 0.0% |
| Texas 17th District | Jamilah Flores | Democrats | Challenger | 19 | 5.3% |
| Texas 2nd District | Daniel Crenshaw | Republicans | Incumbent | 325 | 8.9% |
| Texas 2nd District | Steve Toth | Republicans | Challenger | 283 | 8.1% |
| Texas 2nd District | Shaun Finnie | Democrats | Challenger | 297 | 0.7% |
| Texas 20th District | Joaquin Castro | Democrats | Incumbent | 478 | 7.3% |
| Texas 20th District | Edgardo Baez | Republicans | Challenger | 1175 | 4.9% |
| Texas 23rd District | Ernest Gonzales II | Republicans | Incumbent | 314 | 0.0% |
| Texas 23rd District | Brandon Herrera | Republicans | Challenger | 1159 | 14.1% |
| Texas 23rd District | Katy Stout | Democrats | Challenger | 170 | 13.5% |
| Texas 24th District | Elizabeth Van Duyne | Republicans | Incumbent | 1555 | 0.5% |
| Texas 24th District | Timothy Ware II | Democrats | Challenger | 52 | 5.8% |
| Texas 24th District | Kevin Burge | Democrats | Challenger | 141 | 5.0% |
| Texas 25th District | Roger Williams | Republicans | Incumbent | 755 | 0.1% |
| Texas 25th District | Dione Sims | Democrats | Challenger | 72 | 0.0% |
| Texas 28th District | Henry Cuellar | Democrats | Incumbent | 1286 | 0.2% |
| Texas 28th District | Tano Tijerina | Republicans | Challenger | 110 | 10.0% |
| Texas 3rd District | Keith Self | Republicans | Incumbent | 1725 | 1.0% |
| Texas 3rd District | Evan Hunt | Democrats | Challenger | 409 | 11.3% |
| Texas 31st District | John Carter | Republicans | Incumbent | 64 | 0.0% |
| Texas 31st District | Justin Early | Democrats | Challenger | 31 | 0.0% |
| Texas 34th District | Vicente Gonzalez | Democrats | Incumbent | 623 | 0.8% |
| Texas 34th District | Eric Flores | Republicans | Challenger | 400 | 3.5% |
| Texas 5th District | Lance Gooden | Republicans | Incumbent | 1228 | 8.7% |
| Texas 5th District | Ruth Torres | Democrats | Challenger | 378 | 37.0% |
| Texas 6th District | John Ellzey Sr. | Republicans | Incumbent | 65 | 0.0% |
| Texas 6th District | Danny Minton | Democrats | Challenger | 414 | 50.7% |
| Texas 7th District | Elizabeth Fletcher | Democrats | Incumbent | 774 | 1.3% |
| Texas 7th District | Alexander Hale | Republicans | Challenger | 152 | 2.0% |
| Texas Senate | John Cornyn | Republicans | Incumbent | 2324 | 2.9% |
| Texas Senate | James Talarico | Democrats | Challenger | 158 | 16.5% |
| Texas Senate | Warren Paxton Jr. | Republicans | Challenger | 1076 | 9.8% |
| Virginia 1st District | Robert Wittman | Republicans | Incumbent | 480 | 0.2% |
| Virginia 1st District | Shannon Taylor | Democrats | Challenger | 263 | 12.9% |
| Virginia 2nd District | Jennifer Kiggans | Republicans | Incumbent | 683 | 0.0% |
| Virginia 2nd District | Elaine Luria | Democrats | Challenger | 746 | 7.6% |
| Virginia 6th District | Benjamin Cline | Republicans | Incumbent | 766 | 2.0% |
| Virginia 6th District | Beth Macy | Democrats | Challenger | 103 | 10.7% |
| Virginia 7th District | Yevgeny Vindman | Democrats | Incumbent | 1172 | 4.0% |
| Virginia 7th District | Douglas Ollivant | Republicans | Challenger | 56 | 1.8% |
| Virginia 8th District | Donald Beyer Jr. | Democrats | Incumbent | 1167 | 16.0% |
| Virginia 8th District | Tony Sabio | Republicans | Challenger | 699 | 2.6% |
| Virginia 9th District | H Griffith | Republicans | Incumbent | 507 | 0.6% |
| Virginia 9th District | Joy Powers | Democrats | Challenger | 56 | 16.1% |
| Washington 3rd District | Marie Gluesenkamp Perez | Democrats | Incumbent | 245 | 0.8% |
| Washington 3rd District | John Braun | Republicans | Challenger | 422 | 1.4% |
| Wisconsin 1st District | Bryan Steil | Republicans | Incumbent | 766 | 1.7% |
| Wisconsin 1st District | Mitchell Berman | Democrats | Challenger | 214 | 3.7% |
| Wisconsin 3rd District | Derrick Van Orden | Republicans | Incumbent | 487 | 0.4% |
| Wisconsin 3rd District | Rebecca Cooke | Democrats | Challenger | 619 | 3.2% |
| Wisconsin 5th District | Scott Fitzgerald | Republicans | Incumbent | 171 | 1.2% |
| Wisconsin 5th District | Andrew Beck | Democrats | Challenger | 90 | 1.1% |
| Wisconsin 6th District | Glenn Grothman | Republicans | Incumbent | 298 | 0.0% |
| Wisconsin 6th District | Bradley Smith | Democrats | Challenger | 15 | 20.0% |
| West Virginia 2nd District | Riley Moore | Republicans | Incumbent | 1447 | 1.0% |
| West Virginia 2nd District | Ahsan Parsi | Democrats | Challenger | 17 | 0.0% |
| Wyoming At-Large | Harriet Hageman | Republicans | Incumbent | 463 | 1.1% |
| Wyoming At-Large | Chuck Gray | Republicans | Challenger | 227 | 4.0% |
Both are measured on posts on X since Oct 1, 2025.
Five Senate races with the widest gaps
Each incumbent (outlined) and the challenger whose rate differs most, personal attacks as a share of posts on X
John Cornyn (R), 2,324 posts · James Talarico (D), 158 posts
Susan Collins (R), 363 posts · Graham Platner (D), 783 posts
Jon Husted (R), 971 posts · Sherrod Brown (D), 954 posts
John Hickenlooper (D), 1,167 posts · Mark Baisley (R), 83 posts
Christopher Coons (D), 704 posts · Michael Katz (R), 32 posts
Show the data
| Race | Incumbent | Rate | Posts | Challenger | Rate | Posts | Gap (points) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Texas Senate | John Cornyn (Republican) | 2.9% | 2324 | James Talarico (Democrat) | 16.5% | 158 | +13.6 |
| Maine Senate | Susan Collins (Republican) | 0.0% | 363 | Graham Platner (Democrat) | 9.6% | 783 | +9.6 |
| Ohio Senate | Jon Husted (Republican) | 0.1% | 971 | Sherrod Brown (Democrat) | 8.4% | 954 | +8.3 |
| Colorado Senate | John Hickenlooper (Democrat) | 7.9% | 1167 | Mark Baisley (Republican) | 0.0% | 83 | −7.9 |
| Delaware Senate | Christopher Coons (Democrat) | 9.2% | 704 | Michael Katz (Republican) | 3.1% | 32 | −6.1 |