Public Views on Higher Education: August 2026 — America’s Political Pulse

Lead image for “Public Views on Higher Education: August 2026”

Executive summary

Skepticism about the value of college is easing but remains the majority view. The share saying a four-year degree is worth the cost rose from 19% to 25% over six months, yet 58% still say it is not, and given a concrete choice, 52% would advise a young person to learn a trade rather than attend any college. Views of the sector split almost exactly into thirds — 33% positive effect on the country, 32% negative, 35% neither.
The public funds the mission even where it doubts the product. Seventy percent support federal funding of university research and 61% support federal student loans. Majorities reject using research money as political leverage on every goal tested but one: 53% would allow withholding funds to press universities to combat antisemitism on campus.
Concern about campus ideology is hardening. The share calling the faculty party imbalance a serious problem rose from 21% to 25%, support for considering political viewpoints in hiring rose from 15% to 23% — the largest movement in the survey. At the same time, respondents assign the fix to universities themselves (46%), not to government (13% combined).
Partisan conflict is narrow but deep. Democrats and Republicans are nearly indistinguishable on the academic core — English, mathematics, history, the sciences — whether asked about required courses or which departments a university must maintain. They diverge almost exclusively on identity-centered fields: a 46-point party gap on requiring a race, gender, or diversity course, and 43% and 36% of Republicans would cut gender and sexuality studies and African American / ethnic studies departments outright, against 7% and 2% of Democrats.
A randomized experiment shows the partisanship is symmetric. Support for choosing an underrepresented job candidate is identical — about 20% — whether the candidate is a conservative or a person of color. Underneath, each party supports the preference for its own side (roughly 39%) and rejects the same preference for the other (7–10%).
The public wants institutions out of politics. Sixty-four percent say universities should remain neutral on controversies, and the AAUP’s first-ever political endorsement is disapproved 42% to 19%.

What changed since February

Question	Measure	Feb 2026	Aug 2026	Change
Four-year degree worth the cost	% Yes	19%	25%	+6 pts*
Reasonable to take out student loans	% Agree	38%	31%	−7 pts*
SAT/ACT should be required	% Required	36%	40%	+4 pts
Professors push a liberal agenda	% Liberal agenda	43%	39%	−4 pts
Faculty party imbalance	% Serious problem	21%	25%	+4 pts*
Consider viewpoints in faculty hiring	% Support	15%	23%	+8 pts*
Universities should stay neutral	% Remain neutral	60%	64%	+4 pts
Who should fix the faculty imbalance	% Universities themselves	44%	46%	+2 pts
Would still get their degree (graduates)	% Yes	83%	84%	+1 pt
Has outstanding student loans	% Yes	13%	12%	−1 pt
* change exceeds the 95% margin of error.

The movement runs in higher education’s favor on cost questions (worth the cost up 6 points) but against it on ideology questions: the share calling the faculty party imbalance a serious problem rose 4 points, and support for considering political viewpoints in faculty hiring rose 8 points. Attitudes toward student loans soured even as the value of the degree recovered — the share agreeing that loans are a reasonable way to pay for college fell 7 points.

1 General Views of Higher Education

Views of colleges’ effect on the country split into thirds

“Overall, do you think colleges and universities have a positive or negative effect on the way things are going in this country?”

Figure 2, under “Views of colleges’ effect on the country split into thirds”

Figure 3, under “Views of colleges’ effect on the country split into thirds”

Opinion divides into near-equal thirds: 33% positive, 32% negative, and 35% neither. The plurality choosing the middle category means neither side of the higher-education debate can claim a public mandate. The party gap is wide but not absolute — a substantial share of Democrats decline to rate the sector positively, and most Republicans choose “negative” rather than the most extreme option.

A majority still says a degree is not worth the cost, but doubt is receding

“Do you think a four-year college degree is worth the cost for most people?”

Figure 5, under “A majority still says a degree is not worth the cost, but doubt is receding”

Figure 6, under “A majority still says a degree is not worth the cost, but doubt is receding”

This is the largest improvement in the survey: “worth it” rose from 19% to 25%. Even so, doubters outnumber believers by more than two to one, and the doubt is bipartisan — no party group comes close to majority agreement that the degree is worth its cost.

The public sees AI eroding the value of a degree

“Does the rise of artificial intelligence make a four-year college degree more valuable, less valuable, or does it make no difference?”

Figure 8, under “The public sees AI eroding the value of a degree”

Figure 9, under “The public sees AI eroding the value of a degree”

The public reads AI as a threat to the degree, not a complement: 42% say AI makes a degree less valuable, against 12% who say more valuable. About a third (32%) expect no difference, and 15% are not sure.

Half would advise a young person to learn a trade

“If a young person you cared about finished high school today, what would you advise them to do?”

Figure 11, under “Half would advise a young person to learn a trade”

Figure 12, under “Half would advise a young person to learn a trade”

Given a concrete choice, 52% would steer a young person toward a trade and another 17% toward community college. Only 24% would advise a four-year college — a striking figure next to the roughly 37% of respondents who hold a four-year degree themselves. Almost no one recommends going straight to work (4%) or joining the military (3%).

2 Cost, Debt, and Federal Funding

Fewer now call student loans a reasonable way to pay

“For most students, it is reasonable to take out student loans to pay for a four-year college degree.”

Figure 14, under “Fewer now call student loans a reasonable way to pay”

Figure 15, under “Fewer now call student loans a reasonable way to pay”

Attitudes toward borrowing moved in the opposite direction from attitudes toward the degree itself. Agreement that loans are reasonable fell from 38% to 31% while disagreement rose from 33% to 42% — disagreement now outweighs agreement for the first time across the two waves.

The federal loan program keeps broad support

“Do you support or oppose the federal government providing student loans to help people pay for college?”

Figure 17, under “The federal loan program keeps broad support”

Figure 18, under “The federal loan program keeps broad support”

Whatever their doubts about borrowing, respondents want the federal loan program to exist: 61% support it and 19% oppose. Skepticism about whether loans are wise for students coexists with support for making them available.

Research funding is the sector’s strongest asset

“Do you support or oppose the federal government funding scientific and medical research at colleges and universities?”

Figure 20, under “Research funding is the sector’s strongest asset”

Figure 21, under “Research funding is the sector’s strongest asset”

Research funding is the most popular thing universities do in this survey: 70% support it and only 10% oppose. Support holds across party lines, making this the sector’s clearest point of consensus.

Only the antisemitism goal justifies withholding research funds

“Should the federal government be allowed to withhold research funding from universities in order to pressure them to …”

Figure 23, under “Only the antisemitism goal justifies withholding research funds”

Figure 24, under “Only the antisemitism goal justifies withholding research funds”

Only one goal clears majority support: 53% say the government should be able to withhold research funding to pressure universities to combat antisemitism. Every other goal is underwater, including the ones most prominent in current policy debates — eliminating diversity, equity, and inclusion programs (37% should, with 46% saying “definitely should not”) and hiring more conservative professors (36%). Even a populist economic goal, freezing tuition, draws only 42%. The public’s default is that research money should not be a political lever.

3 Admissions and Academics

Most want test scores in the admissions process

“Do you think colleges and universities should require applicants to submit SAT or ACT scores as part of the admissions process?”

Figure 26, under “Most want test scores in the admissions process”

Figure 27, under “Most want test scores in the admissions process”

A 40% plurality says testing should be required outright, and another 24% would keep it optional but encouraged — about two-thirds of the public wants test scores in the process, while only 8% would bar them entirely. Republicans are most enthusiastic (52% say required), but even among Democrats, requiring or encouraging scores outpolls discarding them. The February–August differences are within the margin of error.

The public endorses a traditional core curriculum

“Should colleges require all students to complete at least one course in each of the following areas, regardless of their major?”

Figure 29, under “The public endorses a traditional core curriculum”

Figure 30, under “The public endorses a traditional core curriculum”

The public endorses a traditional core: English literature and writing (88%), mathematics (86%), American history and government (84%), and the natural sciences (78%) all draw broad support, with party gaps of nine points or less. Philosophy, religion, or ethics reaches 62%. The two areas below that are where the parties part ways: a foreign language (52% overall; 60% of Democrats vs. 43% of Republicans) and race, gender, or diversity studies (46% overall; 70% vs. 24% — a 46-point gap, and the only item where “definitely should not require” is the modal response).

Consensus on the canon, division over identity-centered departments

“How important is it for a typical university to maintain a department in each of the following fields?”

Every respondent rated mathematics, biology, and English; five additional fields were drawn at random from a pool of twelve, so the rotating items have smaller samples (roughly n = 400 each, and 110–140 per party).

Figure 31, under “Consensus on the canon, division over identity-centered departments”

Figure 32, under “Consensus on the canon, division over identity-centered departments”

Figure 33, under “Consensus on the canon, division over identity-centered departments”

Figure 34, under “Consensus on the canon, division over identity-centered departments”

The results form three tiers. The anchors and the hard sciences are consensus fixtures: two-thirds or more call English, mathematics, history, economics, computer science, biology, chemistry, and physics essential, and essentially nobody in either party would cut them. The social sciences and humanities occupy a middle tier (roughly 30–45% essential) where the dominant answer is “important, but could be cut if necessary.” The identity-centered fields stand apart: gender and sexuality studies is the only department where more respondents would cut it (28%) than call it essential (24%). That bottom tier is almost entirely a partisan artifact — 43% of Republicans would cut gender and sexuality studies and 36% would cut African American / ethnic studies, against 7% and 2% of Democrats. For every other department, including sociology and political science, the “cut” share stays in single digits in all three party groups.

4 Faculty Ideology and Hiring

A slim majority sees professors as politically neutral

“Do you think most college professors generally push a particular political agenda in their teaching?”

Figure 36, under “A slim majority sees professors as politically neutral”

Figure 37, under “A slim majority sees professors as politically neutral”

A slim majority (52%) says professors are generally neutral. Among those who perceive an agenda, it is overwhelmingly a liberal one — 39% against 9% who see a conservative agenda. Neither figure changed significantly between February and August.

Concern about the faculty party imbalance is growing

“About 25% of Americans identify as Republican, but on average only 6% of faculty identify as Republican. How much of a problem do you think this is?”

Figure 39, under “Concern about the faculty party imbalance is growing”

Figure 40, under “Concern about the faculty party imbalance is growing”

Told the actual partisan composition of the professoriate, 25% call it a serious problem that needs to be fixed — up 4 points since February and the clearest sign in the survey that the ideology critique is gaining ground. The largest single group (34%) still says faculty don’t need to mirror the population.

No single explanation for the imbalance dominates

“How much is each of the following a factor in the political imbalance of university faculty?” Asked in both waves; wording carried over from the February questionnaire.

Figure 42, under “No single explanation for the imbalance dominates”

Figure 43, under “No single explanation for the imbalance dominates”

No single explanation dominates. The most-endorsed account is the benign one — that education itself makes people more liberal (34% major factor) — followed by hiring discrimination (29%), self-selection into better-paying careers (26%), and a discouraging academic culture (23%). None of the four moved significantly between February and August.

Fixing the imbalance is seen as the universities’ job, not government’s

“Whose responsibility is it to address political imbalance among faculty?” Asked in both waves; wording carried over from the February questionnaire.

Figure 45, under “Fixing the imbalance is seen as the universities’ job, not government’s”

Figure 46, under “Fixing the imbalance is seen as the universities’ job, not government’s”

Whatever they think of the problem, respondents do not want government to solve it. A 46% plurality assigns responsibility to universities themselves and 25% say it doesn’t need to be addressed; the federal government (6%) and state governments (7%) barely register.

Viewpoint-conscious hiring is unpopular but gaining ground

“Should universities consider political viewpoints when hiring faculty, to ensure a range of perspectives are represented?”

Figure 48, under “Viewpoint-conscious hiring is unpopular but gaining ground”

Figure 49, under “Viewpoint-conscious hiring is unpopular but gaining ground”

Viewpoint-conscious hiring remains unpopular — 41% oppose it against 23% in support — but support rose 8 points since February, the largest shift in the survey. The modal answer in both waves is “neither support nor oppose.”

Each party backs hiring preferences only for its own side

“Suppose two equally qualified candidates apply for a professor job in a department where almost no faculty are [conservative / people of color]. Would you support or oppose the university choosing the [conservative candidate specifically because of their political views / candidate of color specifically because of their race]?” Respondents were randomly assigned to see one version of the bracketed text.

Figure 51, under “Each party backs hiring preferences only for its own side”

Figure 52, under “Each party backs hiring preferences only for its own side”

Overall support is identical across versions — about 20% back the preference whether the beneficiary is a conservative or a candidate of color — but that equality masks symmetric polarization. Republicans support the conservative preference 39% to 26% while opposing the racial preference 70% to 7%; Democrats support the racial preference 39% to 27% while opposing the conservative preference 53% to 10%. Each party endorses for its own side almost exactly what it rejects for the other. Opposition overall is stronger in the race version (50%) than the ideology version (39%), driven by Republicans’ near-unanimous rejection.

5 Institutional and Political Speech

Institutional neutrality is the public’s clear preference

“When a national or global controversy arises, do you think colleges and universities should issue official institutional statements taking a position, or should they generally remain neutral?”

Figure 54, under “Institutional neutrality is the public’s clear preference”

Figure 55, under “Institutional neutrality is the public’s clear preference”

Institutional neutrality is the public’s clear preference: 64% say universities should generally or always remain neutral, while only 5% want them to almost always take a position. This is one of the few campus-politics questions where the parties lean the same direction.

The AAUP endorsement lands badly

“The American Association of University Professors, a national organization representing university professors recently endorsed a Democratic candidate for the U.S. Senate, the first political endorsement in the organization’s 111-year history. Do you approve or disapprove of the AAUP endorsing political candidates?”

Figure 57, under “The AAUP endorsement lands badly”

Figure 58, under “The AAUP endorsement lands badly”

The endorsement lands badly: 42% disapprove against 19% who approve, with 40% neutral. Consistent with the neutrality result above, the public’s disapproval extends from universities as institutions to the professional organizations that represent their faculty.

6 Respondent Background

College graduation and major

“Have you completed a four-year college degree?”

“What was your primary field of study (major)?” Asked if college_grad = Yes.

Figure 60, under “College graduation and major”

College regret

“If you could go back, would you still choose to get your college degree?” Asked if college_grad = Yes.

“Do you regret not getting a four-year college degree?” Asked if college_grad = No.

Personal experience is far warmer than the public verdict on the sector: 84% of graduates would get their degree again, and 73% of non-graduates don’t regret skipping it. Most people are content with their own path even while doubting the value of the degree “for most people.”

Student loans and children in college

“Do you currently have outstanding student loan debt?”

Figure 64, under “Student loans and children in college”

“Do you have a child currently enrolled in or planning to attend college?”

Figure 65, under “Student loans and children in college”

Figure 66, under “Student loans and children in college”

About one in eight respondents (12%) carries student loan debt and 14% have a child in or headed to college — the stakes in these debates are direct for a minority, while most respondents judge higher education from outside it.

Appendix: Detailed tables

Findings are based on two national surveys of U.S. adults: February 2026 (DART0059 Wave 8, fielded beginning February 10, 2026, n = 1,000) and August 2026 (DART0059 Wave 14, fielded beginning August 12, 2026, n = 1,000). All estimates are weighted; subgroup sample sizes are reported unweighted. Exhibits show the August 2026 wave unless labeled otherwise, and questions asked in both waves are shown as February–August trends. Question wording is reproduced verbatim from the questionnaire in the indented blocks. Chart labels under 4% are omitted. An asterisk (*) marks changes larger than the 95% margin of error, computed on effective sample sizes.

Each table reports weighted column percentages for the August 2026 wave with unweighted subgroup sizes. Percentages are computed among respondents who answered the question; rows may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Subgroups with no respondents are marked “—”; interpret small subgroups (e.g., Jewish respondents, Never Trumpers) with caution.

Table A1 | Effect of colleges on the country

“Overall, do you think colleges and universities have a positive or negative effect on the way things are going in this country?”

Subgroup	N	Very positive	Somewhat positive	Neither positive nor negative	Somewhat negative	Very negative
Overall	1,000	11%	22%	35%	16%	16%
Party
Democrat	318	21%	32%	39%	5%	3%
Independent	316	11%	21%	39%	18%	12%
Republican	279	3%	14%	27%	22%	34%
Gender
Male	464	12%	23%	29%	17%	19%
Female	536	10%	20%	42%	15%	13%
Age
18-29	162	16%	25%	40%	9%	9%
30-44	287	12%	26%	37%	12%	13%
45-64	300	11%	17%	34%	19%	19%
65+	251	7%	20%	32%	20%	21%
Religion
Protestant	364	6%	20%	33%	18%	23%
Catholic	187	11%	21%	28%	17%	23%
Other Christian	12	28%	29%	18%	3%	22%
Jewish	21	14%	33%	31%	13%	9%
Other faith	78	5%	18%	44%	22%	11%
Atheist/Agnostic	140	28%	30%	29%	10%	2%
Nothing in particular	198	10%	19%	49%	13%	9%
Income
<$50k	363	7%	21%	45%	16%	12%
$50-100k	312	13%	20%	33%	16%	17%
$100k+	243	15%	27%	24%	14%	19%
College degree
Yes	376	18%	29%	26%	15%	13%
No	624	7%	18%	41%	16%	18%
Child in college
Yes	141	13%	26%	35%	16%	11%
No	859	11%	21%	35%	16%	17%
Student loans
Yes	123	12%	22%	44%	15%	7%
No	877	11%	22%	34%	16%	17%
MAGA
MAGA Republican	196	4%	12%	19%	26%	39%
Never Trumper	12	7%	63%	10%	7%	13%
Neither	162	1%	12%	35%	24%	29%
Regrets degree
Regrets	58	11%	11%	33%	17%	29%
No regret	318	20%	32%	24%	14%	10%
College major
Bus./Finance	53	14%	11%	44%	13%	18%
Eng./CS	53	17%	41%	18%	13%	11%
Natural Sci.	31	26%	34%	23%	4%	12%
Math	7	0%	55%	14%	0%	31%
Social Sci.	67	17%	34%	31%	11%	7%
Humanities	43	33%	25%	15%	10%	17%
Education	39	12%	29%	33%	17%	9%
Health/Nursing	20	13%	37%	11%	31%	8%
Arts/Comm.	36	15%	25%	22%	17%	20%
Other	27	28%	20%	18%	25%	9%

Table A2 | Is a four-year degree worth the cost?

“Do you think a four-year college degree is worth the cost for most people?”

Subgroup	N	Yes	No	Don’t know
Overall	1,000	25%	58%	17%
Party
Democrat	318	37%	45%	18%
Independent	316	20%	64%	16%
Republican	279	23%	64%	13%
Gender
Male	464	24%	60%	16%
Female	536	27%	56%	17%
Age
18-29	162	39%	38%	23%
30-44	287	31%	55%	14%
45-64	300	19%	69%	13%
65+	251	15%	65%	20%
Religion
Protestant	364	24%	63%	14%
Catholic	187	32%	53%	15%
Other Christian	12	44%	46%	10%
Jewish	21	22%	33%	46%
Other faith	78	19%	69%	12%
Atheist/Agnostic	140	32%	49%	19%
Nothing in particular	198	18%	60%	21%
Income
<$50k	363	21%	62%	17%
$50-100k	312	25%	61%	14%
$100k+	243	34%	52%	14%
College degree
Yes	376	40%	46%	14%
No	624	17%	65%	18%
Child in college
Yes	141	34%	52%	14%
No	859	24%	59%	17%
Student loans
Yes	123	25%	56%	19%
No	877	25%	58%	16%
MAGA
MAGA Republican	196	22%	70%	9%
Never Trumper	12	25%	63%	12%
Neither	162	16%	70%	14%
Regrets degree
Regrets	58	10%	79%	11%
No regret	318	46%	39%	15%
College major
Bus./Finance	53	27%	55%	18%
Eng./CS	53	59%	36%	4%
Natural Sci.	31	31%	33%	37%
Math	7	43%	57%	0%
Social Sci.	67	50%	43%	7%
Humanities	43	34%	48%	19%
Education	39	41%	50%	8%
Health/Nursing	20	58%	39%	4%
Arts/Comm.	36	25%	52%	23%
Other	27	27%	51%	22%

Table A3 | Does AI change the value of a degree?

“Does the rise of artificial intelligence make a four-year college degree more valuable, less valuable, or does it make no difference?”

Subgroup	N	Much more valuable	Somewhat more valuable	No difference	Somewhat less valuable	Much less valuable	Not sure
Overall	1,000	4%	8%	32%	24%	18%	15%
Party
Democrat	318	8%	7%	29%	25%	13%	17%
Independent	316	3%	6%	32%	25%	20%	13%
Republican	279	1%	11%	30%	26%	19%	12%
Gender
Male	464	4%	9%	35%	21%	19%	13%
Female	536	4%	7%	29%	27%	17%	17%
Age
18-29	162	7%	12%	26%	22%	18%	15%
30-44	287	5%	10%	30%	20%	20%	16%
45-64	300	3%	7%	33%	27%	18%	12%
65+	251	2%	4%	36%	26%	14%	17%
Religion
Protestant	364	3%	6%	33%	28%	19%	12%
Catholic	187	3%	12%	35%	23%	12%	15%
Other Christian	12	0%	13%	33%	15%	34%	5%
Jewish	21	0%	0%	19%	23%	12%	45%
Other faith	78	1%	7%	30%	21%	25%	16%
Atheist/Agnostic	140	11%	7%	29%	22%	18%	12%
Nothing in particular	198	4%	9%	31%	21%	18%	18%
Income
<$50k	363	3%	8%	31%	21%	21%	17%
$50-100k	312	3%	9%	32%	24%	19%	13%
$100k+	243	7%	7%	33%	27%	14%	10%
College degree
Yes	376	7%	9%	30%	27%	13%	13%
No	624	2%	7%	33%	22%	20%	15%
Child in college
Yes	141	7%	10%	35%	28%	10%	10%
No	859	4%	8%	31%	23%	19%	15%
Student loans
Yes	123	10%	6%	25%	35%	12%	12%
No	877	3%	8%	33%	22%	19%	15%
MAGA
MAGA Republican	196	1%	13%	32%	23%	22%	8%
Never Trumper	12	0%	0%	51%	19%	10%	19%
Neither	162	1%	7%	29%	35%	17%	13%
Regrets degree
Regrets	58	0%	2%	32%	29%	32%	6%
No regret	318	8%	11%	30%	27%	10%	14%
College major
Bus./Finance	53	4%	7%	25%	28%	14%	22%
Eng./CS	53	10%	19%	31%	20%	10%	9%
Natural Sci.	31	10%	4%	27%	32%	10%	17%
Math	7	10%	0%	23%	33%	0%	34%
Social Sci.	67	9%	7%	33%	30%	11%	10%
Humanities	43	8%	8%	27%	24%	18%	16%
Education	39	4%	7%	36%	24%	20%	9%
Health/Nursing	20	15%	13%	28%	19%	18%	7%
Arts/Comm.	36	2%	4%	27%	47%	11%	10%
Other	27	0%	16%	39%	18%	13%	13%

Table A4 | Advice to a young person finishing high school

“If a young person you cared about finished high school today, what would you advise them to do?”

Subgroup	N	Attend a four-year college	Attend community college	Learn a trade	Go straight to work	Join the military
Overall	1,000	24%	17%	52%	4%	3%
Party
Democrat	318	35%	23%	37%	4%	1%
Independent	316	20%	18%	56%	3%	3%
Republican	279	22%	11%	60%	4%	3%
Gender
Male	464	26%	15%	52%	3%	4%
Female	536	23%	19%	52%	4%	2%
Age
18-29	162	33%	27%	34%	5%	1%
30-44	287	28%	17%	51%	4%	1%
45-64	300	21%	13%	58%	4%	4%
65+	251	17%	16%	60%	3%	4%
Religion
Protestant	364	21%	16%	56%	3%	3%
Catholic	187	30%	12%	51%	4%	4%
Other Christian	12	54%	22%	18%	6%	0%
Jewish	21	42%	22%	36%	0%	0%
Other faith	78	19%	24%	52%	3%	2%
Atheist/Agnostic	140	32%	20%	43%	3%	2%
Nothing in particular	198	18%	21%	56%	5%	1%
Income
<$50k	363	21%	16%	55%	6%	2%
$50-100k	312	23%	19%	52%	3%	3%
$100k+	243	33%	17%	46%	2%	3%
College degree
Yes	376	37%	22%	37%	2%	2%
No	624	17%	15%	61%	5%	3%
Child in college
Yes	141	38%	20%	37%	1%	5%
No	859	22%	17%	54%	4%	2%
Student loans
Yes	123	28%	25%	43%	2%	2%
No	877	24%	16%	53%	4%	3%
MAGA
MAGA Republican	196	20%	10%	63%	4%	4%
Never Trumper	12	38%	17%	29%	0%	16%
Neither	162	18%	15%	60%	2%	4%
Regrets degree
Regrets	58	16%	15%	68%	1%	0%
No regret	318	41%	23%	31%	2%	3%
College major
Bus./Finance	53	25%	24%	47%	2%	1%
Eng./CS	53	57%	14%	27%	2%	0%
Natural Sci.	31	34%	35%	26%	2%	3%
Math	7	55%	19%	26%	0%	0%
Social Sci.	67	45%	17%	29%	4%	5%
Humanities	43	40%	35%	24%	0%	0%
Education	39	29%	17%	55%	0%	0%
Health/Nursing	20	38%	35%	20%	0%	8%
Arts/Comm.	36	21%	14%	57%	3%	4%
Other	27	28%	13%	55%	0%	4%

Table A5 | Are student loans reasonable?

“For most students, it is reasonable to take out student loans to pay for a four-year college degree.”

Subgroup	N	Strongly agree	Somewhat agree	Neither agree nor disagree	Somewhat disagree	Strongly disagree
Overall	1,000	8%	24%	27%	22%	20%
Party
Democrat	318	10%	25%	28%	25%	12%
Independent	316	4%	26%	25%	20%	24%
Republican	279	9%	22%	28%	21%	20%
Gender
Male	464	9%	22%	26%	19%	24%
Female	536	6%	26%	28%	25%	15%
Age
18-29	162	8%	31%	29%	20%	13%
30-44	287	7%	22%	29%	18%	24%
45-64	300	8%	21%	23%	24%	24%
65+	251	7%	24%	29%	26%	15%
Religion
Protestant	364	9%	20%	29%	24%	18%
Catholic	187	8%	31%	24%	18%	19%
Other Christian	12	10%	33%	0%	18%	39%
Jewish	21	11%	28%	45%	11%	5%
Other faith	78	3%	29%	26%	24%	18%
Atheist/Agnostic	140	7%	20%	18%	27%	27%
Nothing in particular	198	7%	23%	31%	20%	18%
Income
<$50k	363	8%	25%	28%	21%	19%
$50-100k	312	6%	26%	22%	25%	21%
$100k+	243	11%	21%	26%	22%	20%
College degree
Yes	376	9%	25%	23%	22%	21%
No	624	7%	23%	29%	22%	19%
Child in college
Yes	141	10%	33%	22%	20%	15%
No	859	7%	22%	28%	22%	20%
Student loans
Yes	123	10%	25%	16%	30%	19%
No	877	7%	23%	29%	21%	20%
MAGA
MAGA Republican	196	7%	25%	26%	19%	22%
Never Trumper	12	12%	51%	6%	16%	16%
Neither	162	8%	18%	24%	29%	22%
Regrets degree
Regrets	58	7%	14%	10%	26%	43%
No regret	318	10%	27%	26%	21%	16%
College major
Bus./Finance	53	7%	20%	35%	17%	22%
Eng./CS	53	17%	38%	19%	11%	15%
Natural Sci.	31	8%	19%	30%	18%	25%
Math	7	0%	37%	32%	31%	0%
Social Sci.	67	9%	19%	20%	26%	26%
Humanities	43	6%	15%	33%	24%	23%
Education	39	8%	28%	14%	33%	18%
Health/Nursing	20	13%	51%	22%	8%	6%
Arts/Comm.	36	10%	11%	16%	35%	28%
Other	27	3%	32%	19%	21%	25%

Table A6 | Federal student loans

“Do you support or oppose the federal government providing student loans to help people pay for college?”

Subgroup	N	Strongly support	Somewhat support	Neither support nor oppose	Somewhat oppose	Strongly oppose
Overall	1,000	34%	27%	20%	8%	10%
Party
Democrat	318	50%	32%	9%	4%	5%
Independent	316	34%	30%	19%	8%	8%
Republican	279	18%	24%	25%	15%	19%
Gender
Male	464	31%	26%	20%	9%	13%
Female	536	37%	28%	20%	7%	8%
Age
18-29	162	42%	23%	23%	4%	8%
30-44	287	37%	27%	20%	6%	10%
45-64	300	32%	24%	19%	13%	12%
65+	251	26%	37%	19%	8%	11%
Religion
Protestant	364	27%	29%	20%	11%	14%
Catholic	187	33%	28%	19%	5%	15%
Other Christian	12	42%	26%	0%	10%	22%
Jewish	21	41%	27%	21%	10%	0%
Other faith	78	46%	21%	22%	6%	5%
Atheist/Agnostic	140	49%	27%	14%	3%	8%
Nothing in particular	198	32%	28%	26%	10%	5%
Income
<$50k	363	37%	26%	24%	7%	7%
$50-100k	312	37%	27%	16%	8%	12%
$100k+	243	30%	30%	17%	10%	13%
College degree
Yes	376	38%	31%	15%	7%	9%
No	624	32%	25%	23%	9%	11%
Child in college
Yes	141	40%	35%	14%	4%	7%
No	859	33%	26%	21%	9%	11%
Student loans
Yes	123	41%	27%	15%	6%	11%
No	877	33%	27%	21%	8%	10%
MAGA
MAGA Republican	196	17%	24%	22%	13%	23%
Never Trumper	12	36%	22%	10%	26%	7%
Neither	162	18%	29%	25%	13%	15%
Regrets degree
Regrets	58	30%	17%	24%	15%	12%
No regret	318	40%	33%	14%	5%	8%
College major
Bus./Finance	53	24%	22%	33%	12%	9%
Eng./CS	53	31%	44%	9%	5%	11%
Natural Sci.	31	39%	41%	10%	10%	0%
Math	7	21%	22%	26%	12%	19%
Social Sci.	67	45%	25%	13%	3%	14%
Humanities	43	52%	28%	8%	5%	7%
Education	39	36%	35%	18%	5%	7%
Health/Nursing	20	61%	28%	8%	3%	0%
Arts/Comm.	36	35%	29%	19%	7%	10%
Other	27	41%	26%	10%	15%	8%

Table A7 | Federal research funding

“Do you support or oppose the federal government funding scientific and medical research at colleges and universities?”

Subgroup	N	Strongly support	Somewhat support	Neither support nor oppose	Somewhat oppose	Strongly oppose
Overall	999	41%	29%	21%	6%	4%
Party
Democrat	318	66%	24%	10%	1%	0%
Independent	315	40%	32%	18%	6%	4%
Republican	279	19%	32%	31%	11%	7%
Gender
Male	464	43%	25%	21%	5%	5%
Female	535	39%	32%	21%	6%	2%
Age
18-29	162	46%	26%	20%	5%	3%
30-44	286	45%	28%	20%	6%	2%
45-64	300	35%	32%	20%	7%	6%
65+	251	40%	27%	24%	5%	4%
Religion
Protestant	363	32%	34%	24%	6%	4%
Catholic	187	36%	31%	22%	6%	6%
Other Christian	12	46%	26%	5%	0%	22%
Jewish	21	75%	12%	9%	0%	4%
Other faith	78	32%	34%	20%	9%	4%
Atheist/Agnostic	140	73%	14%	9%	1%	2%
Nothing in particular	198	40%	27%	24%	8%	1%
Income
<$50k	363	38%	30%	25%	5%	3%
$50-100k	311	44%	28%	16%	7%	5%
$100k+	243	46%	28%	17%	5%	4%
College degree
Yes	375	51%	26%	13%	5%	5%
No	624	35%	30%	25%	6%	3%
Child in college
Yes	141	39%	40%	15%	4%	2%
No	858	41%	27%	22%	6%	4%
Student loans
Yes	123	61%	17%	15%	5%	2%
No	876	38%	30%	22%	6%	4%
MAGA
MAGA Republican	196	13%	34%	30%	14%	9%
Never Trumper	12	61%	25%	7%	0%	7%
Neither	162	26%	34%	27%	9%	4%
Regrets degree
Regrets	58	43%	17%	15%	8%	17%
No regret	317	53%	28%	13%	5%	2%
College major
Bus./Finance	53	35%	21%	23%	11%	11%
Eng./CS	52	45%	32%	18%	4%	0%
Natural Sci.	31	71%	17%	3%	10%	0%
Math	7	69%	0%	12%	0%	19%
Social Sci.	67	63%	27%	5%	2%	3%
Humanities	43	64%	16%	10%	0%	10%
Education	39	42%	41%	10%	5%	2%
Health/Nursing	20	59%	22%	6%	12%	0%
Arts/Comm.	36	54%	29%	13%	4%	0%
Other	27	31%	29%	30%	0%	11%

Table A8 | Withhold funding: Combat antisemitism on campus

“Should the federal government be allowed to withhold research funding from universities in order to pressure them to …” Item: Combat antisemitism on campus

Subgroup	N	Definitely should	Probably should	Probably should not	Definitely should not
Overall	1,000	25%	28%	25%	23%
Party
Democrat	318	15%	28%	27%	30%
Independent	316	18%	30%	24%	27%
Republican	279	45%	23%	23%	9%
Gender
Male	464	26%	27%	21%	25%
Female	536	23%	28%	28%	20%
Age
18-29	162	17%	36%	26%	21%
30-44	287	17%	26%	27%	30%
45-64	300	29%	26%	25%	20%
65+	251	35%	25%	22%	18%
Religion
Protestant	364	30%	29%	25%	15%
Catholic	187	33%	25%	24%	18%
Other Christian	12	32%	41%	5%	23%
Jewish	21	29%	20%	18%	33%
Other faith	78	10%	26%	29%	34%
Atheist/Agnostic	140	16%	26%	23%	35%
Nothing in particular	198	18%	30%	27%	26%
Income
<$50k	363	21%	27%	30%	23%
$50-100k	312	26%	27%	23%	24%
$100k+	243	28%	29%	20%	23%
College degree
Yes	376	25%	29%	21%	25%
No	624	25%	27%	27%	21%
Child in college
Yes	141	20%	31%	22%	27%
No	859	26%	27%	25%	22%
Student loans
Yes	123	13%	37%	17%	34%
No	877	26%	27%	26%	21%
MAGA
MAGA Republican	196	54%	23%	19%	4%
Never Trumper	12	43%	16%	29%	13%
Neither	162	32%	32%	20%	16%
Regrets degree
Regrets	58	29%	34%	11%	26%
No regret	318	24%	28%	23%	25%
College major
Bus./Finance	53	33%	26%	20%	21%
Eng./CS	53	32%	33%	23%	12%
Natural Sci.	31	18%	10%	19%	53%
Math	7	31%	23%	36%	10%
Social Sci.	67	10%	31%	22%	38%
Humanities	43	14%	24%	18%	43%
Education	39	26%	35%	24%	14%
Health/Nursing	20	32%	44%	23%	0%
Arts/Comm.	36	41%	24%	14%	21%
Other	27	19%	29%	21%	31%

Table A9 | Withhold funding: Hire more conservative professors

“Should the federal government be allowed to withhold research funding from universities in order to pressure them to …” Item: Hire more conservative professors

Subgroup	N	Definitely should	Probably should	Probably should not	Definitely should not
Overall	1,000	14%	22%	26%	38%
Party
Democrat	318	4%	9%	27%	60%
Independent	316	10%	24%	27%	39%
Republican	279	29%	33%	24%	15%
Gender
Male	464	18%	23%	23%	36%
Female	536	10%	21%	29%	40%
Age
18-29	162	11%	19%	27%	44%
30-44	287	8%	25%	24%	43%
45-64	300	16%	24%	27%	34%
65+	251	19%	20%	27%	34%
Religion
Protestant	364	18%	27%	26%	30%
Catholic	187	21%	26%	28%	25%
Other Christian	12	32%	10%	14%	44%
Jewish	21	11%	4%	13%	72%
Other faith	78	7%	19%	27%	47%
Atheist/Agnostic	140	3%	4%	27%	65%
Nothing in particular	198	8%	26%	26%	40%
Income
<$50k	363	11%	23%	28%	38%
$50-100k	312	17%	21%	24%	39%
$100k+	243	15%	21%	23%	41%
College degree
Yes	376	11%	19%	24%	46%
No	624	15%	24%	27%	34%
Child in college
Yes	141	9%	28%	23%	40%
No	859	14%	21%	27%	38%
Student loans
Yes	123	4%	20%	22%	55%
No	877	15%	22%	27%	36%
MAGA
MAGA Republican	196	42%	28%	22%	8%
Never Trumper	12	10%	32%	21%	37%
Neither	162	13%	38%	29%	21%
Regrets degree
Regrets	58	18%	31%	14%	36%
No regret	318	10%	17%	26%	48%
College major
Bus./Finance	53	18%	25%	18%	39%
Eng./CS	53	16%	25%	28%	31%
Natural Sci.	31	10%	2%	18%	70%
Math	7	12%	31%	34%	24%
Social Sci.	67	3%	9%	29%	59%
Humanities	43	1%	21%	25%	52%
Education	39	6%	23%	26%	45%
Health/Nursing	20	21%	21%	20%	37%
Arts/Comm.	36	7%	22%	27%	44%
Other	27	19%	24%	13%	44%

Table A10 | Withhold funding: Eliminate diversity, equity, and inclusion programs

“Should the federal government be allowed to withhold research funding from universities in order to pressure them to …” Item: Eliminate diversity, equity, and inclusion programs

Subgroup	N	Definitely should	Probably should	Probably should not	Definitely should not
Overall	1,000	20%	17%	17%	46%
Party
Democrat	318	3%	10%	11%	75%
Independent	316	17%	18%	17%	49%
Republican	279	38%	24%	23%	16%
Gender
Male	464	24%	16%	15%	45%
Female	536	15%	18%	18%	48%
Age
18-29	162	11%	15%	18%	56%
30-44	287	14%	20%	17%	48%
45-64	300	24%	18%	17%	41%
65+	251	26%	15%	15%	45%
Religion
Protestant	364	25%	19%	19%	37%
Catholic	187	23%	20%	22%	35%
Other Christian	12	32%	3%	11%	54%
Jewish	21	14%	0%	9%	77%
Other faith	78	20%	19%	7%	54%
Atheist/Agnostic	140	9%	5%	9%	78%
Nothing in particular	198	13%	22%	20%	46%
Income
<$50k	363	16%	17%	20%	46%
$50-100k	312	19%	21%	17%	44%
$100k+	243	22%	14%	12%	51%
College degree
Yes	376	17%	16%	14%	53%
No	624	21%	18%	19%	43%
Child in college
Yes	141	18%	17%	18%	46%
No	859	20%	17%	17%	46%
Student loans
Yes	123	5%	13%	14%	68%
No	877	22%	18%	17%	43%
MAGA
MAGA Republican	196	49%	25%	17%	8%
Never Trumper	12	12%	27%	12%	49%
Neither	162	31%	18%	25%	26%
Regrets degree
Regrets	58	35%	12%	4%	48%
No regret	318	14%	17%	15%	54%
College major
Bus./Finance	53	32%	20%	17%	32%
Eng./CS	53	21%	22%	23%	34%
Natural Sci.	31	8%	4%	0%	87%
Math	7	54%	12%	14%	21%
Social Sci.	67	3%	13%	18%	65%
Humanities	43	8%	8%	12%	71%
Education	39	10%	21%	9%	60%
Health/Nursing	20	24%	18%	7%	51%
Arts/Comm.	36	19%	10%	8%	64%
Other	27	27%	25%	12%	36%

Table A11 | Withhold funding: Freeze tuition for five years

“Should the federal government be allowed to withhold research funding from universities in order to pressure them to …” Item: Freeze tuition for five years

Subgroup	N	Definitely should	Probably should	Probably should not	Definitely should not
Overall	1,000	16%	26%	30%	29%
Party
Democrat	318	18%	19%	27%	37%
Independent	316	14%	26%	30%	31%
Republican	279	16%	34%	31%	19%
Gender
Male	464	16%	27%	28%	30%
Female	536	16%	25%	31%	28%
Age
18-29	162	11%	28%	34%	27%
30-44	287	15%	25%	28%	32%
45-64	300	20%	26%	29%	25%
65+	251	15%	25%	29%	31%
Religion
Protestant	364	13%	29%	31%	27%
Catholic	187	22%	28%	25%	25%
Other Christian	12	10%	12%	25%	53%
Jewish	21	14%	12%	39%	35%
Other faith	78	12%	22%	30%	37%
Atheist/Agnostic	140	16%	17%	34%	33%
Nothing in particular	198	17%	28%	28%	27%
Income
<$50k	363	16%	24%	31%	29%
$50-100k	312	16%	26%	28%	31%
$100k+	243	18%	23%	28%	30%
College degree
Yes	376	16%	26%	31%	28%
No	624	16%	26%	29%	29%
Child in college
Yes	141	15%	27%	34%	24%
No	859	16%	26%	29%	29%
Student loans
Yes	123	18%	22%	22%	38%
No	877	16%	26%	31%	27%
MAGA
MAGA Republican	196	22%	35%	26%	17%
Never Trumper	12	12%	29%	31%	28%
Neither	162	13%	29%	35%	23%
Regrets degree
Regrets	58	23%	32%	23%	22%
No regret	318	14%	25%	32%	29%
College major
Bus./Finance	53	22%	30%	28%	21%
Eng./CS	53	14%	29%	37%	20%
Natural Sci.	31	12%	10%	37%	41%
Math	7	0%	53%	47%	0%
Social Sci.	67	12%	26%	26%	36%
Humanities	43	22%	22%	29%	28%
Education	39	21%	24%	29%	27%
Health/Nursing	20	19%	20%	26%	35%
Arts/Comm.	36	14%	30%	34%	23%
Other	27	6%	30%	30%	34%

Table A12 | Withhold funding: Limit enrollment of international students

“Should the federal government be allowed to withhold research funding from universities in order to pressure them to …” Item: Limit enrollment of international students

Subgroup	N	Definitely should	Probably should	Probably should not	Definitely should not
Overall	999	15%	19%	28%	38%
Party
Democrat	318	2%	10%	25%	63%
Independent	315	13%	18%	32%	37%
Republican	279	31%	28%	27%	14%
Gender
Male	464	16%	20%	27%	36%
Female	535	13%	18%	29%	40%
Age
18-29	162	7%	15%	35%	43%
30-44	287	12%	16%	26%	46%
45-64	299	17%	21%	29%	33%
65+	251	21%	23%	25%	32%
Religion
Protestant	364	18%	21%	32%	29%
Catholic	187	22%	24%	31%	24%
Other Christian	12	22%	14%	11%	54%
Jewish	21	7%	9%	6%	78%
Other faith	77	9%	20%	19%	52%
Atheist/Agnostic	140	3%	10%	23%	64%
Nothing in particular	198	12%	17%	29%	41%
Income
<$50k	362	12%	19%	31%	37%
$50-100k	312	16%	20%	26%	38%
$100k+	243	15%	17%	24%	44%
College degree
Yes	376	13%	16%	25%	46%
No	623	15%	21%	30%	34%
Child in college
Yes	141	13%	16%	28%	43%
No	858	15%	20%	28%	37%
Student loans
Yes	123	5%	14%	27%	55%
No	876	16%	20%	28%	36%
MAGA
MAGA Republican	196	42%	27%	22%	8%
Never Trumper	12	6%	20%	16%	59%
Neither	162	19%	33%	30%	18%
Regrets degree
Regrets	58	31%	18%	18%	33%
No regret	318	10%	15%	27%	48%
College major
Bus./Finance	53	29%	11%	28%	32%
Eng./CS	53	10%	19%	35%	36%
Natural Sci.	31	6%	2%	16%	76%
Math	7	12%	31%	25%	32%
Social Sci.	67	2%	17%	27%	54%
Humanities	43	18%	0%	23%	59%
Education	39	9%	17%	25%	49%
Health/Nursing	20	18%	26%	25%	31%
Arts/Comm.	36	7%	26%	22%	45%
Other	27	23%	25%	14%	38%

Table A13 | Should the SAT/ACT be required?

“Do you think colleges and universities should require applicants to submit SAT or ACT scores as part of the admissions process?”

Subgroup	N	Yes, testing should be required	Testing should be optional but encouraged	Testing should be optional with no preference	No, test scores should not be considered at all	Not sure
Overall	1,000	40%	24%	14%	8%	14%
Party
Democrat	318	29%	28%	20%	11%	12%
Independent	316	41%	23%	14%	7%	14%
Republican	279	52%	21%	9%	5%	12%
Gender
Male	464	44%	22%	11%	7%	15%
Female	536	36%	26%	17%	8%	12%
Age
18-29	162	23%	31%	20%	6%	20%
30-44	287	29%	28%	15%	11%	16%
45-64	300	47%	21%	12%	10%	10%
65+	251	59%	18%	9%	2%	11%
Religion
Protestant	364	45%	24%	9%	8%	14%
Catholic	187	44%	27%	14%	6%	9%
Other Christian	12	47%	26%	8%	10%	8%
Jewish	21	47%	23%	19%	0%	11%
Other faith	78	34%	14%	29%	11%	11%
Atheist/Agnostic	140	32%	30%	14%	8%	16%
Nothing in particular	198	35%	21%	17%	8%	19%
Income
<$50k	363	37%	21%	14%	11%	17%
$50-100k	312	38%	29%	17%	6%	10%
$100k+	243	48%	25%	12%	6%	10%
College degree
Yes	376	45%	27%	14%	4%	10%
No	624	37%	23%	14%	10%	16%
Child in college
Yes	141	35%	32%	21%	6%	6%
No	859	41%	23%	13%	8%	15%
Student loans
Yes	123	29%	32%	20%	10%	9%
No	877	42%	23%	13%	7%	14%
MAGA
MAGA Republican	196	53%	20%	11%	5%	10%
Never Trumper	12	71%	29%	0%	0%	0%
Neither	162	54%	20%	7%	6%	12%
Regrets degree
Regrets	58	44%	16%	15%	9%	16%
No regret	318	46%	29%	14%	3%	9%
College major
Bus./Finance	53	47%	16%	11%	2%	25%
Eng./CS	53	49%	29%	14%	3%	4%
Natural Sci.	31	59%	23%	16%	0%	2%
Math	7	79%	10%	12%	0%	0%
Social Sci.	67	40%	31%	18%	7%	4%
Humanities	43	30%	38%	15%	7%	9%
Education	39	49%	35%	11%	6%	0%
Health/Nursing	20	32%	29%	25%	0%	13%
Arts/Comm.	36	51%	31%	3%	0%	16%
Other	27	49%	7%	11%	12%	21%

Table A14 | Required course: Mathematics

“Should colleges require all students to complete at least one course in each of the following areas, regardless of their major?” Item: Mathematics

Subgroup	N	Definitely should require	Probably should require	Probably should not require	Definitely should not require
Overall	1,000	52%	34%	9%	4%
Party
Democrat	318	50%	34%	9%	7%
Independent	316	52%	36%	10%	2%
Republican	279	54%	34%	8%	4%
Gender
Male	464	57%	30%	9%	4%
Female	536	48%	38%	10%	4%
Age
18-29	162	47%	36%	12%	5%
30-44	287	50%	36%	7%	7%
45-64	300	55%	30%	11%	3%
65+	251	55%	35%	7%	2%
Religion
Protestant	364	49%	38%	9%	4%
Catholic	187	55%	33%	8%	3%
Other Christian	12	59%	27%	5%	10%
Jewish	21	55%	29%	16%	0%
Other faith	78	50%	29%	11%	10%
Atheist/Agnostic	140	58%	29%	7%	5%
Nothing in particular	198	52%	33%	10%	5%
Income
<$50k	363	50%	34%	10%	6%
$50-100k	312	52%	34%	10%	4%
$100k+	243	58%	30%	9%	4%
College degree
Yes	376	57%	33%	7%	3%
No	624	49%	35%	11%	5%
Child in college
Yes	141	59%	31%	6%	4%
No	859	51%	35%	10%	5%
Student loans
Yes	123	57%	33%	8%	2%
No	877	51%	34%	10%	5%
MAGA
MAGA Republican	196	58%	32%	8%	3%
Never Trumper	12	77%	18%	5%	0%
Neither	162	52%	33%	10%	4%
Regrets degree
Regrets	58	49%	34%	13%	4%
No regret	318	59%	33%	6%	2%
College major
Bus./Finance	53	65%	32%	3%	0%
Eng./CS	53	56%	34%	4%	7%
Natural Sci.	31	57%	31%	13%	0%
Math	7	100%	0%	0%	0%
Social Sci.	67	50%	35%	12%	3%
Humanities	43	53%	35%	13%	0%
Education	39	51%	44%	1%	4%
Health/Nursing	20	73%	15%	12%	0%
Arts/Comm.	36	42%	46%	8%	4%
Other	27	64%	28%	3%	4%

Table A15 | Required course: Natural sciences (biology, chemistry, physics)

“Should colleges require all students to complete at least one course in each of the following areas, regardless of their major?” Item: Natural sciences (biology, chemistry, physics)

Subgroup	N	Definitely should require	Probably should require	Probably should not require	Definitely should not require
Overall	1,000	40%	38%	16%	6%
Party
Democrat	318	42%	34%	17%	8%
Independent	316	41%	39%	17%	2%
Republican	279	35%	42%	16%	8%
Gender
Male	464	43%	38%	14%	5%
Female	536	37%	38%	18%	7%
Age
18-29	162	37%	42%	15%	6%
30-44	287	41%	38%	13%	8%
45-64	300	39%	37%	18%	6%
65+	251	40%	38%	19%	4%
Religion
Protestant	364	39%	41%	16%	4%
Catholic	187	38%	37%	17%	8%
Other Christian	12	59%	27%	5%	10%
Jewish	21	47%	27%	18%	8%
Other faith	78	26%	44%	18%	12%
Atheist/Agnostic	140	50%	31%	13%	5%
Nothing in particular	198	39%	39%	17%	5%
Income
<$50k	363	37%	37%	18%	8%
$50-100k	312	38%	39%	17%	6%
$100k+	243	46%	35%	14%	5%
College degree
Yes	376	48%	35%	14%	3%
No	624	35%	40%	17%	8%
Child in college
Yes	141	44%	36%	16%	4%
No	859	39%	39%	16%	6%
Student loans
Yes	123	49%	40%	10%	1%
No	877	38%	38%	17%	7%
MAGA
MAGA Republican	196	39%	40%	14%	7%
Never Trumper	12	77%	18%	5%	0%
Neither	162	35%	42%	17%	7%
Regrets degree
Regrets	58	42%	37%	15%	6%
No regret	318	49%	35%	14%	2%
College major
Bus./Finance	53	44%	43%	12%	0%
Eng./CS	53	46%	32%	21%	2%
Natural Sci.	31	59%	28%	13%	0%
Math	7	69%	31%	0%	0%
Social Sci.	67	49%	32%	15%	3%
Humanities	43	55%	30%	11%	4%
Education	39	50%	34%	8%	8%
Health/Nursing	20	67%	17%	16%	0%
Arts/Comm.	36	30%	58%	10%	2%
Other	27	28%	38%	29%	4%

Table A16 | Required course: English literature and writing

“Should colleges require all students to complete at least one course in each of the following areas, regardless of their major?” Item: English literature and writing

Subgroup	N	Definitely should require	Probably should require	Probably should not require	Definitely should not require
Overall	1,000	52%	36%	8%	4%
Party
Democrat	318	52%	36%	7%	5%
Independent	316	53%	36%	10%	2%
Republican	279	49%	39%	8%	4%
Gender
Male	464	50%	35%	9%	5%
Female	536	54%	36%	8%	3%
Age
18-29	162	48%	40%	8%	5%
30-44	287	48%	41%	6%	5%
45-64	300	54%	32%	10%	4%
65+	251	56%	32%	9%	3%
Religion
Protestant	364	50%	39%	8%	4%
Catholic	187	51%	36%	10%	3%
Other Christian	12	53%	33%	5%	10%
Jewish	21	59%	25%	16%	0%
Other faith	78	60%	27%	8%	5%
Atheist/Agnostic	140	61%	28%	3%	7%
Nothing in particular	198	46%	40%	11%	2%
Income
<$50k	363	50%	35%	11%	5%
$50-100k	312	55%	35%	8%	2%
$100k+	243	54%	36%	5%	5%
College degree
Yes	376	63%	32%	3%	2%
No	624	46%	38%	11%	5%
Child in college
Yes	141	57%	33%	8%	2%
No	859	51%	36%	8%	4%
Student loans
Yes	123	64%	29%	5%	2%
No	877	50%	37%	9%	4%
MAGA
MAGA Republican	196	53%	39%	5%	3%
Never Trumper	12	50%	38%	12%	0%
Neither	162	49%	33%	12%	6%
Regrets degree
Regrets	58	55%	35%	6%	4%
No regret	318	64%	32%	2%	1%
College major
Bus./Finance	53	62%	36%	2%	0%
Eng./CS	53	59%	34%	2%	5%
Natural Sci.	31	70%	23%	7%	0%
Math	7	71%	29%	0%	0%
Social Sci.	67	64%	31%	3%	2%
Humanities	43	57%	39%	4%	0%
Education	39	74%	23%	0%	2%
Health/Nursing	20	59%	38%	3%	0%
Arts/Comm.	36	63%	35%	0%	2%
Other	27	55%	29%	12%	4%

Table A17 | Required course: American history and government

“Should colleges require all students to complete at least one course in each of the following areas, regardless of their major?” Item: American history and government

Subgroup	N	Definitely should require	Probably should require	Probably should not require	Definitely should not require
Overall	1,000	51%	33%	11%	5%
Party
Democrat	318	46%	35%	12%	6%
Independent	316	50%	33%	13%	4%
Republican	279	55%	34%	7%	3%
Gender
Male	464	55%	28%	12%	5%
Female	536	47%	38%	11%	5%
Age
18-29	162	37%	43%	14%	6%
30-44	287	45%	38%	11%	6%
45-64	300	55%	29%	12%	5%
65+	251	65%	23%	9%	2%
Religion
Protestant	364	53%	32%	11%	4%
Catholic	187	54%	31%	12%	4%
Other Christian	12	59%	14%	18%	10%
Jewish	21	52%	41%	7%	0%
Other faith	78	38%	41%	13%	8%
Atheist/Agnostic	140	60%	26%	7%	7%
Nothing in particular	198	42%	39%	15%	5%
Income
<$50k	363	45%	32%	17%	6%
$50-100k	312	53%	37%	8%	2%
$100k+	243	59%	26%	9%	6%
College degree
Yes	376	59%	31%	5%	4%
No	624	46%	34%	15%	5%
Child in college
Yes	141	50%	35%	8%	6%
No	859	51%	33%	12%	4%
Student loans
Yes	123	53%	37%	5%	5%
No	877	51%	32%	12%	5%
MAGA
MAGA Republican	196	61%	31%	6%	2%
Never Trumper	12	72%	23%	5%	0%
Neither	162	53%	32%	8%	7%
Regrets degree
Regrets	58	52%	32%	9%	8%
No regret	318	61%	31%	5%	3%
College major
Bus./Finance	53	56%	39%	5%	0%
Eng./CS	53	51%	37%	5%	7%
Natural Sci.	31	56%	36%	8%	0%
Math	7	56%	44%	0%	0%
Social Sci.	67	63%	24%	7%	6%
Humanities	43	64%	32%	4%	0%
Education	39	67%	25%	2%	6%
Health/Nursing	20	61%	33%	0%	6%
Arts/Comm.	36	63%	29%	5%	2%
Other	27	57%	24%	13%	6%

Table A18 | Required course: A foreign language

“Should colleges require all students to complete at least one course in each of the following areas, regardless of their major?” Item: A foreign language

Subgroup	N	Definitely should require	Probably should require	Probably should not require	Definitely should not require
Overall	1,000	18%	34%	31%	17%
Party
Democrat	318	26%	34%	28%	13%
Independent	316	16%	35%	32%	18%
Republican	279	10%	33%	36%	21%
Gender
Male	464	19%	34%	30%	17%
Female	536	16%	35%	33%	16%
Age
18-29	162	25%	32%	29%	14%
30-44	287	17%	39%	27%	16%
45-64	300	16%	31%	35%	18%
65+	251	14%	34%	33%	19%
Religion
Protestant	364	15%	32%	37%	16%
Catholic	187	10%	41%	33%	16%
Other Christian	12	0%	13%	55%	32%
Jewish	21	54%	24%	22%	0%
Other faith	78	17%	30%	29%	24%
Atheist/Agnostic	140	36%	28%	21%	15%
Nothing in particular	198	15%	39%	28%	18%
Income
<$50k	363	19%	31%	31%	18%
$50-100k	312	16%	34%	31%	19%
$100k+	243	20%	36%	30%	14%
College degree
Yes	376	23%	37%	26%	13%
No	624	14%	33%	34%	19%
Child in college
Yes	141	15%	41%	28%	15%
No	859	18%	33%	32%	17%
Student loans
Yes	123	29%	42%	23%	5%
No	877	16%	33%	32%	18%
MAGA
MAGA Republican	196	9%	36%	34%	21%
Never Trumper	12	12%	10%	56%	23%
Neither	162	12%	29%	41%	18%
Regrets degree
Regrets	58	14%	45%	18%	23%
No regret	318	25%	36%	28%	11%
College major
Bus./Finance	53	17%	36%	25%	22%
Eng./CS	53	23%	27%	34%	16%
Natural Sci.	31	34%	28%	24%	14%
Math	7	0%	55%	31%	14%
Social Sci.	67	32%	27%	38%	3%
Humanities	43	21%	51%	22%	6%
Education	39	21%	45%	18%	16%
Health/Nursing	20	37%	32%	17%	14%
Arts/Comm.	36	20%	56%	18%	7%
Other	27	9%	40%	25%	26%

Table A19 | Required course: Philosophy, religion, or ethics

“Should colleges require all students to complete at least one course in each of the following areas, regardless of their major?” Item: Philosophy, religion, or ethics

Subgroup	N	Definitely should require	Probably should require	Probably should not require	Definitely should not require
Overall	1,000	22%	40%	23%	15%
Party
Democrat	318	25%	37%	22%	16%
Independent	316	20%	42%	22%	16%
Republican	279	18%	43%	24%	15%
Gender
Male	464	24%	39%	22%	15%
Female	536	20%	41%	24%	15%
Age
18-29	162	25%	45%	19%	10%
30-44	287	25%	35%	23%	17%
45-64	300	20%	37%	25%	19%
65+	251	19%	46%	24%	12%
Religion
Protestant	364	20%	46%	26%	9%
Catholic	187	19%	41%	21%	18%
Other Christian	12	11%	37%	34%	19%
Jewish	21	38%	29%	33%	0%
Other faith	78	21%	33%	20%	26%
Atheist/Agnostic	140	35%	30%	14%	21%
Nothing in particular	198	19%	40%	27%	15%
Income
<$50k	363	19%	34%	28%	18%
$50-100k	312	20%	42%	23%	15%
$100k+	243	28%	43%	15%	14%
College degree
Yes	376	29%	46%	15%	11%
No	624	18%	37%	28%	17%
Child in college
Yes	141	23%	43%	22%	12%
No	859	22%	40%	23%	16%
Student loans
Yes	123	33%	44%	21%	2%
No	877	20%	39%	23%	17%
MAGA
MAGA Republican	196	20%	43%	24%	13%
Never Trumper	12	37%	34%	19%	10%
Neither	162	18%	40%	27%	15%
Regrets degree
Regrets	58	26%	40%	13%	20%
No regret	318	29%	47%	15%	9%
College major
Bus./Finance	53	28%	41%	27%	4%
Eng./CS	53	16%	62%	11%	11%
Natural Sci.	31	35%	34%	25%	6%
Math	7	23%	41%	22%	14%
Social Sci.	67	37%	39%	13%	11%
Humanities	43	42%	44%	7%	7%
Education	39	29%	40%	8%	22%
Health/Nursing	20	36%	56%	8%	0%
Arts/Comm.	36	15%	67%	14%	4%
Other	27	23%	22%	19%	37%

Table A20 | Required course: Race, gender, or diversity studies

“Should colleges require all students to complete at least one course in each of the following areas, regardless of their major?” Item: Race, gender, or diversity studies

Subgroup	N	Definitely should require	Probably should require	Probably should not require	Definitely should not require
Overall	1,000	20%	26%	24%	30%
Party
Democrat	318	36%	34%	21%	9%
Independent	316	17%	27%	26%	30%
Republican	279	6%	18%	22%	54%
Gender
Male	464	17%	24%	25%	34%
Female	536	23%	28%	23%	27%
Age
18-29	162	25%	31%	23%	22%
30-44	287	23%	28%	21%	28%
45-64	300	17%	21%	27%	35%
65+	251	16%	27%	23%	34%
Religion
Protestant	364	15%	26%	25%	35%
Catholic	187	17%	25%	26%	32%
Other Christian	12	5%	18%	45%	32%
Jewish	21	44%	21%	14%	20%
Other faith	78	23%	26%	20%	31%
Atheist/Agnostic	140	38%	26%	20%	17%
Nothing in particular	198	18%	29%	24%	30%
Income
<$50k	363	20%	30%	25%	26%
$50-100k	312	21%	22%	23%	35%
$100k+	243	22%	24%	25%	29%
College degree
Yes	376	27%	24%	24%	25%
No	624	16%	27%	24%	33%
Child in college
Yes	141	22%	24%	28%	26%
No	859	20%	26%	23%	31%
Student loans
Yes	123	34%	28%	23%	14%
No	877	18%	26%	24%	32%
MAGA
MAGA Republican	196	8%	16%	19%	57%
Never Trumper	12	12%	21%	16%	51%
Neither	162	3%	17%	28%	52%
Regrets degree
Regrets	58	19%	17%	25%	39%
No regret	318	29%	25%	24%	22%
College major
Bus./Finance	53	14%	24%	19%	43%
Eng./CS	53	26%	21%	34%	19%
Natural Sci.	31	26%	30%	30%	15%
Math	7	0%	11%	44%	45%
Social Sci.	67	42%	27%	18%	13%
Humanities	43	12%	35%	27%	26%
Education	39	34%	16%	28%	22%
Health/Nursing	20	54%	13%	14%	19%
Arts/Comm.	36	22%	26%	21%	31%
Other	27	20%	20%	24%	35%

Table A21 | Department: Mathematics

“How important is it for a typical university to maintain a department in each of the following fields?” Item: Mathematics

Subgroup	N	Essential — a university should always have this department	Important, but could be cut if necessary	Not very important	This department should be cut
Overall	1,000	83%	14%	3%	0%
Party
Democrat	318	82%	15%	3%	1%
Independent	316	85%	12%	3%	0%
Republican	279	82%	16%	2%	0%
Gender
Male	464	83%	15%	2%	0%
Female	536	82%	14%	3%	1%
Age
18-29	162	82%	14%	3%	1%
30-44	287	80%	17%	3%	0%
45-64	300	83%	15%	2%	1%
65+	251	87%	12%	1%	0%
Religion
Protestant	364	81%	16%	3%	0%
Catholic	187	83%	16%	1%	0%
Other Christian	12	92%	3%	5%	0%
Jewish	21	92%	8%	0%	0%
Other faith	78	75%	19%	5%	0%
Atheist/Agnostic	140	92%	8%	0%	0%
Nothing in particular	198	81%	14%	4%	1%
Income
<$50k	363	79%	16%	4%	1%
$50-100k	312	83%	15%	2%	0%
$100k+	243	85%	13%	1%	0%
College degree
Yes	376	88%	11%	1%	0%
No	624	79%	17%	3%	1%
Child in college
Yes	141	84%	14%	2%	0%
No	859	82%	14%	3%	0%
Student loans
Yes	123	89%	10%	1%	1%
No	877	82%	15%	3%	0%
MAGA
MAGA Republican	196	85%	13%	2%	0%
Never Trumper	12	80%	15%	5%	0%
Neither	162	81%	16%	3%	0%
Regrets degree
Regrets	58	83%	17%	0%	0%
No regret	318	89%	9%	1%	0%
College major
Bus./Finance	53	82%	16%	2%	0%
Eng./CS	53	89%	11%	0%	0%
Natural Sci.	31	100%	0%	0%	0%
Math	7	100%	0%	0%	0%
Social Sci.	67	85%	14%	0%	1%
Humanities	43	87%	11%	2%	0%
Education	39	85%	13%	2%	0%
Health/Nursing	20	94%	6%	0%	0%
Arts/Comm.	36	91%	8%	1%	0%
Other	27	88%	7%	5%	0%

Table A22 | Department: Biology

“How important is it for a typical university to maintain a department in each of the following fields?” Item: Biology

Subgroup	N	Essential — a university should always have this department	Important, but could be cut if necessary	Not very important	This department should be cut
Overall	1,000	71%	24%	4%	1%
Party
Democrat	318	72%	22%	5%	0%
Independent	316	72%	22%	5%	1%
Republican	279	68%	27%	3%	1%
Gender
Male	464	72%	24%	3%	1%
Female	536	70%	24%	5%	1%
Age
18-29	162	75%	18%	5%	1%
30-44	287	73%	22%	4%	1%
45-64	300	70%	25%	4%	1%
65+	251	67%	28%	5%	0%
Religion
Protestant	364	71%	25%	4%	0%
Catholic	187	67%	24%	8%	2%
Other Christian	12	84%	11%	5%	0%
Jewish	21	80%	20%	0%	0%
Other faith	78	56%	37%	4%	2%
Atheist/Agnostic	140	80%	19%	1%	0%
Nothing in particular	198	74%	21%	4%	0%
Income
<$50k	363	67%	27%	5%	1%
$50-100k	312	69%	26%	4%	1%
$100k+	243	75%	20%	4%	1%
College degree
Yes	376	80%	17%	2%	0%
No	624	66%	27%	6%	1%
Child in college
Yes	141	75%	23%	1%	1%
No	859	71%	24%	5%	1%
Student loans
Yes	123	80%	18%	2%	0%
No	877	70%	24%	5%	1%
MAGA
MAGA Republican	196	71%	25%	3%	1%
Never Trumper	12	64%	31%	5%	0%
Neither	162	68%	28%	4%	0%
Regrets degree
Regrets	58	75%	25%	0%	0%
No regret	318	81%	16%	2%	0%
College major
Bus./Finance	53	72%	26%	2%	0%
Eng./CS	53	82%	14%	4%	0%
Natural Sci.	31	97%	3%	0%	0%
Math	7	100%	0%	0%	0%
Social Sci.	67	80%	17%	2%	1%
Humanities	43	85%	15%	0%	0%
Education	39	69%	31%	0%	0%
Health/Nursing	20	83%	5%	12%	0%
Arts/Comm.	36	84%	16%	0%	0%
Other	27	75%	25%	0%	0%

Table A23 | Department: English

“How important is it for a typical university to maintain a department in each of the following fields?” Item: English

Subgroup	N	Essential — a university should always have this department	Important, but could be cut if necessary	Not very important	This department should be cut
Overall	1,000	86%	11%	3%	1%
Party
Democrat	318	86%	12%	2%	1%
Independent	316	85%	12%	4%	0%
Republican	279	88%	9%	2%	1%
Gender
Male	464	83%	12%	4%	1%
Female	536	88%	10%	1%	0%
Age
18-29	162	86%	11%	2%	0%
30-44	287	80%	16%	3%	1%
45-64	300	86%	10%	3%	0%
65+	251	91%	8%	1%	1%
Religion
Protestant	364	86%	10%	3%	0%
Catholic	187	84%	12%	3%	2%
Other Christian	12	84%	11%	5%	0%
Jewish	21	83%	11%	5%	0%
Other faith	78	89%	11%	0%	0%
Atheist/Agnostic	140	86%	11%	2%	1%
Nothing in particular	198	85%	13%	2%	0%
Income
<$50k	363	86%	10%	3%	1%
$50-100k	312	84%	13%	3%	0%
$100k+	243	85%	11%	3%	1%
College degree
Yes	376	87%	11%	1%	0%
No	624	85%	11%	3%	1%
Child in college
Yes	141	87%	13%	1%	0%
No	859	85%	11%	3%	1%
Student loans
Yes	123	94%	5%	1%	1%
No	877	84%	12%	3%	1%
MAGA
MAGA Republican	196	88%	9%	1%	1%
Never Trumper	12	66%	15%	20%	0%
Neither	162	88%	9%	3%	0%
Regrets degree
Regrets	58	74%	21%	5%	0%
No regret	318	90%	9%	1%	0%
College major
Bus./Finance	53	79%	21%	0%	0%
Eng./CS	53	86%	9%	5%	0%
Natural Sci.	31	95%	5%	0%	0%
Math	7	100%	0%	0%	0%
Social Sci.	67	89%	8%	2%	1%
Humanities	43	81%	17%	3%	0%
Education	39	94%	6%	0%	0%
Health/Nursing	20	85%	15%	0%	0%
Arts/Comm.	36	91%	9%	0%	0%
Other	27	93%	5%	2%	0%

Table A24 | Department: History

“How important is it for a typical university to maintain a department in each of the following fields?” Item: History (rotating item, asked of a random subset)

Subgroup	N	Essential — a university should always have this department	Important, but could be cut if necessary	Not very important	This department should be cut
Overall	420	73%	23%	4%	0%
Party
Democrat	146	68%	24%	8%	1%
Independent	112	75%	22%	4%	0%
Republican	122	78%	22%	1%	0%
Gender
Male	188	73%	24%	3%	0%
Female	232	73%	23%	4%	0%
Age
18-29	64	65%	25%	9%	1%
30-44	108	71%	26%	3%	0%
45-64	129	80%	18%	2%	1%
65+	119	73%	25%	2%	0%
Religion
Protestant	148	74%	25%	1%	0%
Catholic	80	86%	11%	3%	1%
Other Christian	4	100%	0%	0%	0%
Jewish	10	67%	22%	11%	0%
Other faith	36	35%	55%	9%	2%
Atheist/Agnostic	60	77%	16%	7%	0%
Nothing in particular	82	72%	24%	4%	0%
Income
<$50k	154	68%	25%	6%	0%
$50-100k	138	79%	19%	2%	0%
$100k+	95	74%	23%	3%	1%
College degree
Yes	161	73%	22%	5%	0%
No	259	73%	24%	3%	0%
Child in college
Yes	55	68%	28%	4%	0%
No	365	74%	22%	4%	0%
Student loans
Yes	50	84%	14%	2%	0%
No	370	71%	24%	4%	0%
MAGA
MAGA Republican	75	86%	14%	0%	0%
Never Trumper	5	49%	51%	0%	0%
Neither	76	75%	24%	1%	0%
Regrets degree
Regrets	25	66%	30%	3%	0%
No regret	136	75%	20%	5%	1%
College major
Bus./Finance	27	61%	37%	3%	0%
Eng./CS	18	48%	47%	5%	0%
Natural Sci.	15	84%	16%	0%	0%
Math	2	50%	50%	0%	0%
Social Sci.	31	87%	7%	3%	2%
Humanities	15	85%	15%	0%	0%
Education	16	80%	9%	10%	0%
Health/Nursing	8	54%	23%	23%	0%
Arts/Comm.	19	100%	0%	0%	0%
Other	10	62%	38%	0%	0%

Table A25 | Department: Chemistry

“How important is it for a typical university to maintain a department in each of the following fields?” Item: Chemistry (rotating item, asked of a random subset)

Subgroup	N	Essential — a university should always have this department	Important, but could be cut if necessary	Not very important	This department should be cut
Overall	407	69%	24%	6%	1%
Party
Democrat	126	72%	22%	6%	0%
Independent	119	70%	24%	6%	1%
Republican	125	66%	28%	6%	1%
Gender
Male	200	76%	20%	3%	0%
Female	207	62%	29%	8%	1%
Age
18-29	62	67%	24%	9%	0%
30-44	113	72%	24%	3%	1%
45-64	125	70%	21%	7%	1%
65+	107	68%	29%	3%	0%
Religion
Protestant	152	66%	28%	6%	1%
Catholic	78	78%	18%	4%	0%
Other Christian	7	82%	18%	0%	0%
Jewish	11	87%	6%	7%	0%
Other faith	28	50%	28%	22%	0%
Atheist/Agnostic	49	75%	21%	4%	0%
Nothing in particular	82	67%	28%	3%	2%
Income
<$50k	162	63%	29%	7%	1%
$50-100k	124	73%	18%	8%	0%
$100k+	93	74%	25%	1%	0%
College degree
Yes	144	75%	21%	4%	0%
No	263	67%	26%	6%	1%
Child in college
Yes	56	70%	24%	4%	2%
No	351	69%	24%	6%	0%
Student loans
Yes	47	78%	15%	7%	0%
No	360	68%	26%	6%	1%
MAGA
MAGA Republican	88	74%	22%	4%	1%
Never Trumper	6	60%	40%	0%	0%
Neither	63	55%	36%	9%	0%
Regrets degree
Regrets	24	71%	26%	2%	0%
No regret	120	75%	20%	5%	0%
College major
Bus./Finance	24	79%	18%	3%	0%
Eng./CS	18	78%	22%	0%	0%
Natural Sci.	11	100%	0%	0%	0%
Math	3	100%	0%	0%	0%
Social Sci.	26	75%	25%	0%	0%
Humanities	16	81%	19%	0%	0%
Education	18	57%	34%	9%	0%
Health/Nursing	6	43%	17%	40%	0%
Arts/Comm.	12	77%	18%	5%	0%
Other	10	64%	36%	0%	0%

Table A26 | Department: Physics

“How important is it for a typical university to maintain a department in each of the following fields?” Item: Physics (rotating item, asked of a random subset)

Subgroup	N	Essential — a university should always have this department	Important, but could be cut if necessary	Not very important	This department should be cut
Overall	420	66%	29%	5%	1%
Party
Democrat	136	64%	29%	6%	1%
Independent	146	74%	22%	4%	0%
Republican	105	51%	43%	6%	1%
Gender
Male	195	70%	28%	1%	0%
Female	225	62%	30%	8%	1%
Age
18-29	64	66%	26%	8%	1%
30-44	131	69%	27%	3%	1%
45-64	117	66%	30%	4%	0%
65+	108	61%	33%	6%	0%
Religion
Protestant	146	66%	28%	5%	1%
Catholic	78	56%	37%	7%	1%
Other Christian	3	100%	0%	0%	0%
Jewish	11	63%	37%	0%	0%
Other faith	25	82%	16%	2%	0%
Atheist/Agnostic	63	73%	25%	2%	0%
Nothing in particular	94	64%	30%	5%	1%
Income
<$50k	148	67%	25%	7%	0%
$50-100k	126	66%	28%	4%	1%
$100k+	107	63%	35%	2%	0%
College degree
Yes	171	70%	27%	2%	1%
No	249	63%	30%	6%	0%
Child in college
Yes	75	67%	31%	2%	0%
No	345	66%	28%	5%	1%
Student loans
Yes	51	70%	27%	3%	0%
No	369	65%	29%	5%	1%
MAGA
MAGA Republican	72	56%	40%	3%	1%
Never Trumper	3	53%	47%	0%	0%
Neither	67	56%	37%	6%	0%
Regrets degree
Regrets	31	67%	30%	3%	0%
No regret	140	70%	26%	2%	1%
College major
Bus./Finance	26	59%	37%	0%	3%
Eng./CS	26	78%	19%	3%	0%
Natural Sci.	13	89%	11%	0%	0%
Math	4	100%	0%	0%	0%
Social Sci.	31	69%	25%	3%	3%
Humanities	18	90%	10%	0%	0%
Education	16	70%	30%	0%	0%
Health/Nursing	8	53%	25%	22%	0%
Arts/Comm.	18	72%	28%	0%	0%
Other	11	33%	67%	0%	0%

Table A27 | Department: Foreign languages

“How important is it for a typical university to maintain a department in each of the following fields?” Item: Foreign languages (rotating item, asked of a random subset)

Subgroup	N	Essential — a university should always have this department	Important, but could be cut if necessary	Not very important	This department should be cut
Overall	439	42%	37%	16%	5%
Party
Democrat	136	51%	34%	12%	4%
Independent	146	35%	44%	19%	2%
Republican	120	39%	37%	17%	7%
Gender
Male	208	48%	34%	15%	3%
Female	231	37%	40%	17%	6%
Age
18-29	74	51%	37%	12%	0%
30-44	125	47%	33%	16%	4%
45-64	139	43%	36%	14%	7%
65+	101	28%	44%	23%	5%
Religion
Protestant	158	44%	34%	20%	3%
Catholic	81	38%	35%	15%	12%
Other Christian	2	0%	0%	100%	0%
Jewish	7	39%	44%	16%	0%
Other faith	35	30%	53%	13%	4%
Atheist/Agnostic	65	54%	38%	3%	5%
Nothing in particular	91	43%	39%	16%	2%
Income
<$50k	142	43%	36%	15%	6%
$50-100k	152	37%	42%	18%	2%
$100k+	109	48%	31%	15%	7%
College degree
Yes	161	48%	40%	11%	1%
No	278	39%	35%	18%	7%
Child in college
Yes	62	46%	41%	10%	2%
No	377	42%	36%	17%	5%
Student loans
Yes	51	47%	40%	10%	2%
No	388	42%	36%	17%	5%
MAGA
MAGA Republican	92	32%	41%	20%	7%
Never Trumper	4	16%	21%	62%	0%
Neither	68	45%	34%	16%	5%
Regrets degree
Regrets	25	56%	27%	14%	3%
No regret	136	47%	42%	11%	0%
College major
Bus./Finance	25	45%	23%	30%	2%
Eng./CS	25	41%	47%	12%	0%
Natural Sci.	15	66%	28%	5%	0%
Math	3	100%	0%	0%	0%
Social Sci.	29	49%	48%	3%	0%
Humanities	10	74%	26%	0%	0%
Education	19	35%	46%	14%	5%
Health/Nursing	8	18%	68%	14%	0%
Arts/Comm.	16	59%	41%	0%	0%
Other	11	51%	38%	11%	0%

Table A28 | Department: Philosophy

“How important is it for a typical university to maintain a department in each of the following fields?” Item: Philosophy (rotating item, asked of a random subset)

Subgroup	N	Essential — a university should always have this department	Important, but could be cut if necessary	Not very important	This department should be cut
Overall	425	34%	45%	17%	4%
Party
Democrat	121	49%	42%	7%	1%
Independent	142	30%	44%	21%	5%
Republican	120	22%	50%	22%	6%
Gender
Male	199	35%	43%	17%	5%
Female	226	33%	46%	17%	4%
Age
18-29	67	39%	46%	12%	3%
30-44	119	39%	42%	17%	3%
45-64	129	32%	41%	21%	7%
65+	110	28%	52%	16%	4%
Religion
Protestant	158	34%	40%	20%	6%
Catholic	81	27%	57%	12%	4%
Other Christian	6	26%	38%	36%	0%
Jewish	13	62%	33%	5%	0%
Other faith	33	38%	40%	22%	0%
Atheist/Agnostic	59	47%	41%	6%	6%
Nothing in particular	75	26%	48%	23%	3%
Income
<$50k	137	37%	39%	18%	6%
$50-100k	127	31%	43%	21%	5%
$100k+	113	35%	51%	13%	2%
College degree
Yes	152	41%	44%	14%	2%
No	273	30%	45%	19%	6%
Child in college
Yes	60	33%	49%	15%	4%
No	365	34%	44%	17%	4%
Student loans
Yes	43	67%	20%	13%	0%
No	382	30%	48%	18%	5%
MAGA
MAGA Republican	88	20%	51%	26%	3%
Never Trumper	6	0%	75%	11%	14%
Neither	73	25%	43%	23%	10%
Regrets degree
Regrets	20	23%	40%	33%	4%
No regret	132	44%	44%	11%	1%
College major
Bus./Finance	23	29%	45%	26%	0%
Eng./CS	20	32%	61%	8%	0%
Natural Sci.	15	33%	62%	5%	0%
Math	2	0%	100%	0%	0%
Social Sci.	22	48%	30%	22%	0%
Humanities	17	78%	22%	0%	0%
Education	15	33%	40%	21%	6%
Health/Nursing	10	47%	49%	5%	0%
Arts/Comm.	16	59%	33%	8%	0%
Other	12	16%	45%	25%	14%

Table A29 | Department: Economics

“How important is it for a typical university to maintain a department in each of the following fields?” Item: Economics (rotating item, asked of a random subset)

Subgroup	N	Essential — a university should always have this department	Important, but could be cut if necessary	Not very important	This department should be cut
Overall	429	72%	25%	3%	0%
Party
Democrat	143	75%	24%	1%	0%
Independent	134	70%	27%	3%	0%
Republican	109	73%	24%	3%	0%
Gender
Male	194	69%	27%	4%	0%
Female	235	74%	24%	2%	0%
Age
18-29	65	69%	27%	4%	0%
30-44	130	73%	25%	2%	0%
45-64	126	76%	21%	3%	0%
65+	108	68%	30%	2%	0%
Religion
Protestant	152	68%	28%	4%	0%
Catholic	76	74%	21%	5%	0%
Other Christian	4	81%	0%	19%	0%
Jewish	10	100%	0%	0%	0%
Other faith	41	68%	30%	3%	0%
Atheist/Agnostic	59	77%	23%	0%	0%
Nothing in particular	87	72%	27%	1%	0%
Income
<$50k	163	66%	29%	5%	0%
$50-100k	129	77%	21%	2%	0%
$100k+	98	75%	25%	0%	0%
College degree
Yes	161	75%	24%	0%	0%
No	268	70%	26%	4%	0%
Child in college
Yes	64	67%	31%	2%	0%
No	365	73%	24%	3%	0%
Student loans
Yes	47	78%	20%	2%	0%
No	382	71%	26%	3%	0%
MAGA
MAGA Republican	76	82%	15%	3%	0%
Never Trumper	4	86%	0%	14%	0%
Neither	73	59%	34%	7%	0%
Regrets degree
Regrets	22	73%	27%	0%	0%
No regret	139	76%	24%	1%	0%
College major
Bus./Finance	19	64%	36%	0%	0%
Eng./CS	27	78%	22%	0%	0%
Natural Sci.	11	92%	8%	0%	0%
Math	3	100%	0%	0%	0%
Social Sci.	28	74%	26%	0%	0%
Humanities	21	74%	26%	0%	0%
Education	15	67%	33%	0%	0%
Health/Nursing	8	87%	5%	8%	0%
Arts/Comm.	18	68%	32%	0%	0%
Other	11	86%	14%	0%	0%

Table A30 | Department: Computer science

“How important is it for a typical university to maintain a department in each of the following fields?” Item: Computer science (rotating item, asked of a random subset)

Subgroup	N	Essential — a university should always have this department	Important, but could be cut if necessary	Not very important	This department should be cut
Overall	431	71%	25%	4%	0%
Party
Democrat	125	76%	23%	1%	0%
Independent	141	65%	30%	5%	0%
Republican	124	75%	20%	4%	1%
Gender
Male	197	71%	26%	2%	0%
Female	234	72%	23%	5%	0%
Age
18-29	67	76%	15%	9%	0%
30-44	123	68%	27%	5%	0%
45-64	135	70%	27%	2%	1%
65+	106	74%	26%	0%	0%
Religion
Protestant	168	66%	29%	4%	0%
Catholic	76	72%	25%	3%	0%
Other Christian	8	94%	0%	6%	0%
Jewish	7	78%	22%	0%	0%
Other faith	34	68%	20%	12%	0%
Atheist/Agnostic	64	83%	17%	0%	0%
Nothing in particular	74	72%	26%	3%	0%
Income
<$50k	168	63%	34%	2%	0%
$50-100k	132	74%	21%	5%	0%
$100k+	103	80%	17%	3%	0%
College degree
Yes	161	77%	21%	2%	0%
No	270	68%	27%	5%	0%
Child in college
Yes	63	81%	19%	1%	0%
No	368	70%	26%	4%	0%
Student loans
Yes	60	81%	18%	2%	0%
No	371	70%	26%	4%	0%
MAGA
MAGA Republican	86	76%	20%	3%	1%
Never Trumper	7	66%	26%	8%	0%
Neither	71	69%	27%	4%	0%
Regrets degree
Regrets	25	65%	35%	0%	0%
No regret	136	79%	18%	3%	0%
College major
Bus./Finance	23	76%	24%	0%	0%
Eng./CS	17	66%	34%	0%	0%
Natural Sci.	15	89%	11%	0%	0%
Math	3	74%	26%	0%	0%
Social Sci.	26	76%	24%	0%	0%
Humanities	22	78%	22%	0%	0%
Education	16	86%	14%	0%	0%
Health/Nursing	10	65%	9%	27%	0%
Arts/Comm.	15	82%	18%	0%	0%
Other	14	75%	25%	0%	0%

Table A31 | Department: Political science

“How important is it for a typical university to maintain a department in each of the following fields?” Item: Political science (rotating item, asked of a random subset)

Subgroup	N	Essential — a university should always have this department	Important, but could be cut if necessary	Not very important	This department should be cut
Overall	398	44%	40%	13%	2%
Party
Democrat	126	55%	40%	5%	1%
Independent	117	40%	45%	12%	3%
Republican	120	39%	37%	23%	2%
Gender
Male	176	40%	43%	14%	3%
Female	222	48%	38%	13%	1%
Age
18-29	64	40%	45%	13%	1%
30-44	120	43%	39%	16%	2%
45-64	113	50%	37%	10%	2%
65+	101	43%	42%	15%	1%
Religion
Protestant	153	42%	42%	15%	1%
Catholic	66	45%	42%	11%	1%
Other Christian	5	24%	29%	24%	24%
Jewish	6	34%	52%	14%	0%
Other faith	37	36%	39%	21%	4%
Atheist/Agnostic	61	59%	27%	9%	4%
Nothing in particular	70	43%	46%	10%	0%
Income
<$50k	143	47%	34%	13%	5%
$50-100k	126	41%	42%	18%	0%
$100k+	92	42%	50%	8%	0%
College degree
Yes	151	49%	43%	8%	0%
No	247	41%	38%	17%	3%
Child in college
Yes	58	55%	37%	7%	0%
No	340	42%	41%	15%	2%
Student loans
Yes	56	56%	39%	5%	0%
No	342	43%	40%	15%	2%
MAGA
MAGA Republican	81	45%	37%	18%	0%
Never Trumper	5	34%	39%	28%	0%
Neither	75	28%	45%	23%	5%
Regrets degree
Regrets	28	38%	59%	3%	0%
No regret	123	52%	39%	9%	0%
College major
Bus./Finance	23	30%	63%	7%	0%
Eng./CS	23	60%	31%	9%	0%
Natural Sci.	10	47%	53%	0%	0%
Math	4	19%	81%	0%	0%
Social Sci.	23	61%	39%	0%	0%
Humanities	23	49%	51%	0%	0%
Education	14	47%	38%	15%	0%
Health/Nursing	8	40%	60%	0%	0%
Arts/Comm.	12	70%	21%	9%	0%
Other	11	51%	9%	40%	0%

Table A32 | Department: Sociology

“How important is it for a typical university to maintain a department in each of the following fields?” Item: Sociology (rotating item, asked of a random subset)

Subgroup	N	Essential — a university should always have this department	Important, but could be cut if necessary	Not very important	This department should be cut
Overall	380	45%	41%	11%	2%
Party
Democrat	129	66%	28%	5%	1%
Independent	124	38%	42%	16%	4%
Republican	102	32%	54%	13%	1%
Gender
Male	172	35%	45%	18%	2%
Female	208	55%	37%	6%	2%
Age
18-29	65	55%	34%	8%	3%
30-44	107	47%	41%	7%	4%
45-64	114	38%	45%	16%	1%
65+	94	44%	41%	13%	1%
Religion
Protestant	120	39%	40%	18%	2%
Catholic	78	42%	47%	7%	4%
Other Christian	5	59%	27%	15%	0%
Jewish	9	66%	24%	10%	0%
Other faith	28	48%	49%	3%	0%
Atheist/Agnostic	55	54%	34%	10%	2%
Nothing in particular	85	49%	41%	9%	1%
Income
<$50k	141	47%	39%	12%	2%
$50-100k	127	42%	45%	9%	4%
$100k+	88	44%	41%	15%	0%
College degree
Yes	146	49%	41%	9%	1%
No	234	44%	41%	12%	3%
Child in college
Yes	47	52%	43%	3%	2%
No	333	45%	41%	13%	2%
Student loans
Yes	48	59%	34%	6%	1%
No	332	43%	42%	12%	2%
MAGA
MAGA Republican	74	32%	53%	13%	2%
Never Trumper	4	0%	52%	48%	0%
Neither	56	25%	45%	28%	3%
Regrets degree
Regrets	19	25%	74%	0%	1%
No regret	127	52%	36%	11%	0%
College major
Bus./Finance	17	11%	67%	21%	2%
Eng./CS	23	48%	44%	7%	0%
Natural Sci.	9	52%	33%	16%	0%
Math	2	33%	0%	67%	0%
Social Sci.	31	67%	25%	7%	0%
Humanities	13	47%	44%	6%	4%
Education	17	37%	58%	5%	0%
Health/Nursing	4	90%	0%	10%	0%
Arts/Comm.	18	56%	35%	9%	0%
Other	12	48%	52%	0%	0%

Table A33 | Department: Anthropology

“How important is it for a typical university to maintain a department in each of the following fields?” Item: Anthropology (rotating item, asked of a random subset)

Subgroup	N	Essential — a university should always have this department	Important, but could be cut if necessary	Not very important	This department should be cut
Overall	406	31%	45%	21%	3%
Party
Democrat	134	37%	46%	15%	2%
Independent	130	31%	44%	22%	3%
Republican	106	22%	44%	30%	4%
Gender
Male	195	31%	49%	16%	4%
Female	211	31%	41%	26%	1%
Age
18-29	79	44%	38%	14%	3%
30-44	118	29%	47%	25%	0%
45-64	114	26%	48%	20%	5%
65+	95	25%	47%	26%	2%
Religion
Protestant	140	30%	40%	27%	3%
Catholic	78	28%	43%	26%	3%
Other Christian	5	10%	32%	16%	43%
Jewish	7	69%	31%	0%	0%
Other faith	37	13%	60%	25%	2%
Atheist/Agnostic	55	45%	50%	4%	1%
Nothing in particular	84	34%	47%	18%	1%
Income
<$50k	147	32%	49%	16%	3%
$50-100k	125	24%	44%	27%	4%
$100k+	104	33%	43%	22%	3%
College degree
Yes	151	36%	40%	20%	4%
No	255	28%	48%	21%	2%
Child in college
Yes	44	22%	50%	27%	2%
No	362	32%	44%	20%	3%
Student loans
Yes	59	42%	42%	15%	1%
No	347	29%	46%	22%	3%
MAGA
MAGA Republican	74	15%	48%	32%	5%
Never Trumper	5	0%	37%	63%	0%
Neither	60	24%	37%	32%	7%
Regrets degree
Regrets	20	34%	23%	38%	4%
No regret	131	37%	42%	17%	4%
College major
Bus./Finance	18	34%	23%	31%	12%
Eng./CS	24	34%	44%	22%	0%
Natural Sci.	15	17%	54%	29%	0%
Math	3	0%	57%	0%	43%
Social Sci.	26	57%	37%	3%	3%
Humanities	17	60%	18%	22%	0%
Education	19	39%	24%	31%	5%
Health/Nursing	10	6%	74%	20%	0%
Arts/Comm.	10	45%	55%	0%	0%
Other	9	31%	41%	28%	0%

Table A34 | Department: Gender and sexuality studies

“How important is it for a typical university to maintain a department in each of the following fields?” Item: Gender and sexuality studies (rotating item, asked of a random subset)

Subgroup	N	Essential — a university should always have this department	Important, but could be cut if necessary	Not very important	This department should be cut
Overall	427	24%	28%	21%	28%
Party
Democrat	127	34%	46%	13%	7%
Independent	138	23%	28%	19%	30%
Republican	131	16%	13%	28%	43%
Gender
Male	204	24%	25%	20%	30%
Female	223	23%	30%	21%	25%
Age
18-29	72	37%	35%	16%	12%
30-44	124	34%	28%	16%	22%
45-64	130	14%	22%	29%	35%
65+	101	13%	28%	18%	41%
Religion
Protestant	164	23%	23%	20%	34%
Catholic	89	16%	28%	27%	30%
Other Christian	6	0%	41%	33%	26%
Jewish	7	57%	21%	0%	22%
Other faith	26	26%	50%	8%	17%
Atheist/Agnostic	50	45%	36%	13%	6%
Nothing in particular	85	20%	26%	24%	30%
Income
<$50k	156	31%	26%	22%	21%
$50-100k	122	23%	29%	18%	29%
$100k+	109	15%	29%	23%	33%
College degree
Yes	169	31%	25%	20%	25%
No	258	19%	29%	21%	30%
Child in college
Yes	63	22%	25%	26%	27%
No	364	24%	28%	20%	28%
Student loans
Yes	50	57%	19%	14%	11%
No	377	19%	29%	22%	30%
MAGA
MAGA Republican	87	15%	14%	21%	49%
Never Trumper	5	0%	0%	36%	64%
Neither	72	14%	11%	31%	45%
Regrets degree
Regrets	28	13%	25%	18%	43%
No regret	141	34%	25%	20%	21%
College major
Bus./Finance	23	35%	13%	12%	41%
Eng./CS	23	33%	32%	15%	20%
Natural Sci.	13	53%	19%	28%	0%
Math	4	0%	19%	61%	20%
Social Sci.	32	37%	26%	24%	13%
Humanities	24	50%	11%	14%	25%
Education	13	10%	40%	16%	33%
Health/Nursing	9	0%	48%	13%	39%
Arts/Comm.	14	22%	26%	35%	17%
Other	14	22%	20%	11%	47%

Table A35 | Department: African American / ethnic studies

“How important is it for a typical university to maintain a department in each of the following fields?” Item: African American / ethnic studies (rotating item, asked of a random subset)

Subgroup	N	Essential — a university should always have this department	Important, but could be cut if necessary	Not very important	This department should be cut
Overall	418	33%	32%	19%	16%
Party
Democrat	141	48%	39%	12%	2%
Independent	131	35%	31%	18%	15%
Republican	111	13%	23%	28%	36%
Gender
Male	192	30%	31%	23%	16%
Female	226	35%	33%	15%	17%
Age
18-29	67	41%	31%	18%	10%
30-44	117	35%	31%	22%	12%
45-64	129	30%	31%	19%	21%
65+	105	28%	37%	16%	20%
Religion
Protestant	161	29%	29%	25%	17%
Catholic	74	25%	37%	15%	23%
Other Christian	5	0%	62%	38%	0%
Jewish	7	94%	0%	0%	6%
Other faith	30	44%	34%	14%	8%
Atheist/Agnostic	60	34%	44%	16%	6%
Nothing in particular	81	39%	26%	15%	21%
Income
<$50k	154	39%	30%	20%	10%
$50-100k	132	27%	31%	22%	19%
$100k+	104	31%	33%	15%	20%
College degree
Yes	152	39%	29%	14%	18%
No	266	29%	34%	21%	16%
Child in college
Yes	58	40%	25%	22%	13%
No	360	32%	33%	18%	17%
Student loans
Yes	53	51%	26%	14%	8%
No	365	30%	33%	19%	17%
MAGA
MAGA Republican	87	14%	22%	22%	42%
Never Trumper	6	0%	29%	43%	29%
Neither	56	7%	26%	40%	27%
Regrets degree
Regrets	23	34%	21%	17%	28%
No regret	129	40%	31%	14%	16%
College major
Bus./Finance	17	21%	6%	25%	48%
Eng./CS	21	35%	40%	3%	22%
Natural Sci.	13	67%	5%	15%	13%
Math	2	0%	33%	0%	67%
Social Sci.	30	50%	26%	14%	10%
Humanities	19	61%	14%	15%	10%
Education	17	25%	61%	13%	0%
Health/Nursing	11	28%	55%	8%	9%
Arts/Comm.	12	28%	49%	11%	12%
Other	10	30%	9%	35%	26%

Table A36 | Do professors push a political agenda?

“Do you think most college professors generally push a particular political agenda in their teaching?”

Subgroup	N	Yes, a strong liberal agenda	Yes, a somewhat liberal agenda	No, they are generally neutral	Yes, a somewhat conservative agenda	Yes, a strong conservative agenda
Overall	1,000	21%	18%	52%	6%	3%
Party
Democrat	318	1%	16%	72%	6%	5%
Independent	316	22%	16%	54%	7%	1%
Republican	279	41%	24%	26%	4%	5%
Gender
Male	464	27%	17%	49%	4%	3%
Female	536	14%	19%	55%	8%	4%
Age
18-29	162	10%	17%	66%	6%	1%
30-44	287	17%	16%	54%	6%	7%
45-64	300	24%	20%	47%	5%	4%
65+	251	30%	18%	46%	6%	0%
Religion
Protestant	364	29%	18%	44%	6%	3%
Catholic	187	26%	16%	45%	4%	8%
Other Christian	12	22%	55%	18%	5%	0%
Jewish	21	20%	12%	68%	0%	0%
Other faith	78	19%	11%	61%	10%	0%
Atheist/Agnostic	140	5%	18%	73%	4%	0%
Nothing in particular	198	11%	21%	58%	7%	3%
Income
<$50k	363	14%	14%	60%	7%	5%
$50-100k	312	24%	15%	49%	8%	3%
$100k+	243	23%	27%	47%	2%	1%
College degree
Yes	376	18%	21%	55%	4%	2%
No	624	22%	16%	51%	7%	4%
Child in college
Yes	141	15%	28%	42%	9%	6%
No	859	22%	16%	54%	5%	3%
Student loans
Yes	123	11%	19%	62%	6%	2%
No	877	22%	18%	51%	6%	3%
MAGA
MAGA Republican	196	51%	18%	20%	3%	7%
Never Trumper	12	21%	35%	39%	5%	0%
Neither	162	37%	27%	31%	4%	1%
Regrets degree
Regrets	58	37%	18%	39%	6%	0%
No regret	318	15%	21%	58%	4%	2%
College major
Bus./Finance	53	29%	17%	48%	4%	1%
Eng./CS	53	20%	13%	46%	11%	11%
Natural Sci.	31	16%	9%	71%	4%	0%
Math	7	31%	37%	32%	0%	0%
Social Sci.	67	8%	27%	63%	3%	0%
Humanities	43	21%	29%	50%	0%	0%
Education	39	12%	32%	50%	4%	3%
Health/Nursing	20	10%	20%	66%	3%	0%
Arts/Comm.	36	20%	21%	56%	3%	0%
Other	27	27%	13%	59%	0%	0%

Table A37 | Is the faculty party imbalance a problem?

“About 25% of Americans identify as Republican, but on average only 6% of faculty identify as Republican. How much of a problem do you think this is?”

Subgroup	N	This is a serious problem that needs to be fixed	This is a problem but not a high priority	This is not ideal but not really a problem	This is fine — faculty don’t need to mirror the general population
Overall	1,000	25%	16%	25%	34%
Party
Democrat	318	7%	9%	32%	53%
Independent	316	19%	20%	24%	37%
Republican	279	51%	22%	17%	11%
Gender
Male	464	29%	17%	22%	32%
Female	536	21%	15%	27%	37%
Age
18-29	162	14%	17%	27%	41%
30-44	287	22%	17%	27%	35%
45-64	300	30%	15%	23%	32%
65+	251	30%	16%	23%	31%
Religion
Protestant	364	36%	19%	23%	23%
Catholic	187	29%	19%	20%	32%
Other Christian	12	40%	8%	29%	23%
Jewish	21	16%	4%	32%	48%
Other faith	78	21%	13%	32%	33%
Atheist/Agnostic	140	7%	6%	21%	66%
Nothing in particular	198	15%	17%	32%	36%
Income
<$50k	363	21%	16%	24%	39%
$50-100k	312	27%	17%	22%	34%
$100k+	243	25%	16%	26%	33%
College degree
Yes	376	20%	15%	27%	39%
No	624	28%	17%	24%	32%
Child in college
Yes	141	25%	16%	26%	33%
No	859	25%	16%	24%	35%
Student loans
Yes	123	14%	16%	28%	43%
No	877	27%	16%	24%	33%
MAGA
MAGA Republican	196	64%	15%	15%	6%
Never Trumper	12	13%	34%	40%	13%
Neither	162	34%	33%	19%	13%
Regrets degree
Regrets	58	37%	15%	19%	29%
No regret	318	16%	15%	28%	41%
College major
Bus./Finance	53	32%	7%	35%	26%
Eng./CS	53	26%	23%	24%	27%
Natural Sci.	31	12%	4%	10%	73%
Math	7	19%	23%	36%	21%
Social Sci.	67	11%	14%	30%	44%
Humanities	43	23%	9%	28%	41%
Education	39	14%	14%	32%	40%
Health/Nursing	20	5%	26%	20%	50%
Arts/Comm.	36	13%	15%	28%	44%
Other	27	32%	24%	14%	30%

Table A38 | Faculty imbalance factor: Universities discriminate against conservatives in hiring

“How much is each of the following a factor in the political imbalance of university faculty?” Item: Universities discriminate against conservatives in hiring. Wording carried over from the February questionnaire.

Subgroup	N	A major factor	A minor factor	Not a factor	Not sure
Overall	1,000	29%	15%	33%	23%
Party
Democrat	318	7%	13%	59%	21%
Independent	316	26%	15%	34%	25%
Republican	279	57%	17%	8%	18%
Gender
Male	464	33%	17%	32%	18%
Female	536	25%	13%	34%	28%
Age
18-29	162	22%	19%	38%	21%
30-44	287	24%	16%	36%	23%
45-64	300	31%	15%	30%	24%
65+	251	39%	9%	29%	23%
Religion
Protestant	364	41%	14%	22%	23%
Catholic	187	36%	16%	29%	19%
Other Christian	12	36%	11%	46%	8%
Jewish	21	19%	12%	63%	6%
Other faith	78	24%	13%	32%	31%
Atheist/Agnostic	140	8%	9%	68%	14%
Nothing in particular	198	18%	20%	30%	32%
Income
<$50k	363	25%	14%	30%	31%
$50-100k	312	31%	15%	33%	21%
$100k+	243	29%	19%	42%	10%
College degree
Yes	376	26%	12%	47%	14%
No	624	31%	16%	25%	28%
Child in college
Yes	141	30%	14%	37%	18%
No	859	29%	15%	32%	24%
Student loans
Yes	123	22%	16%	46%	17%
No	877	30%	15%	31%	24%
MAGA
MAGA Republican	196	66%	15%	6%	12%
Never Trumper	12	47%	16%	37%	0%
Neither	162	49%	20%	10%	21%
Regrets degree
Regrets	58	42%	10%	27%	20%
No regret	318	23%	13%	51%	13%
College major
Bus./Finance	53	30%	14%	29%	27%
Eng./CS	53	36%	18%	40%	5%
Natural Sci.	31	16%	8%	63%	12%
Math	7	54%	23%	24%	0%
Social Sci.	67	10%	11%	65%	14%
Humanities	43	33%	2%	61%	4%
Education	39	27%	12%	37%	24%
Health/Nursing	20	21%	9%	58%	12%
Arts/Comm.	36	32%	14%	42%	12%
Other	27	29%	18%	35%	18%

Table A39 | Faculty imbalance factor: Academic culture discourages conservatives from academic careers

“How much is each of the following a factor in the political imbalance of university faculty?” Item: Academic culture discourages conservatives from academic careers. Wording carried over from the February questionnaire.

Subgroup	N	A major factor	A minor factor	Not a factor	Not sure
Overall	1,000	23%	21%	31%	26%
Party
Democrat	318	7%	21%	48%	24%
Independent	316	22%	19%	32%	27%
Republican	279	44%	22%	11%	23%
Gender
Male	464	27%	23%	29%	21%
Female	536	20%	18%	32%	31%
Age
18-29	162	20%	24%	33%	23%
30-44	287	21%	23%	29%	27%
45-64	300	23%	18%	35%	24%
65+	251	29%	19%	24%	28%
Religion
Protestant	364	32%	22%	21%	25%
Catholic	187	31%	21%	29%	19%
Other Christian	12	22%	31%	29%	18%
Jewish	21	7%	15%	49%	29%
Other faith	78	22%	16%	35%	28%
Atheist/Agnostic	140	10%	18%	57%	15%
Nothing in particular	198	11%	22%	27%	40%
Income
<$50k	363	18%	19%	27%	36%
$50-100k	312	26%	19%	34%	21%
$100k+	243	25%	24%	36%	15%
College degree
Yes	376	24%	22%	37%	17%
No	624	23%	20%	27%	30%
Child in college
Yes	141	21%	24%	33%	21%
No	859	23%	20%	30%	26%
Student loans
Yes	123	15%	25%	39%	21%
No	877	24%	20%	29%	26%
MAGA
MAGA Republican	196	49%	21%	11%	18%
Never Trumper	12	41%	33%	26%	0%
Neither	162	38%	24%	13%	25%
Regrets degree
Regrets	58	35%	17%	22%	26%
No regret	318	22%	23%	39%	16%
College major
Bus./Finance	53	31%	14%	29%	26%
Eng./CS	53	28%	30%	23%	19%
Natural Sci.	31	13%	13%	47%	27%
Math	7	19%	57%	10%	14%
Social Sci.	67	13%	27%	48%	12%
Humanities	43	32%	18%	40%	10%
Education	39	19%	22%	43%	16%
Health/Nursing	20	19%	29%	37%	15%
Arts/Comm.	36	35%	12%	40%	13%
Other	27	26%	23%	30%	21%

Table A40 | Faculty imbalance factor: People with more education tend to become more liberal

“How much is each of the following a factor in the political imbalance of university faculty?” Item: People with more education tend to become more liberal. Wording carried over from the February questionnaire.

Subgroup	N	A major factor	A minor factor	Not a factor	Not sure
Overall	1,000	34%	24%	19%	23%
Party
Democrat	318	49%	21%	14%	16%
Independent	316	30%	27%	19%	24%
Republican	279	24%	27%	23%	26%
Gender
Male	464	35%	26%	20%	19%
Female	536	33%	21%	18%	27%
Age
18-29	162	39%	32%	10%	19%
30-44	287	38%	18%	19%	26%
45-64	300	28%	24%	26%	22%
65+	251	34%	23%	18%	25%
Religion
Protestant	364	26%	29%	20%	25%
Catholic	187	33%	25%	24%	18%
Other Christian	12	49%	19%	22%	10%
Jewish	21	71%	10%	10%	9%
Other faith	78	29%	22%	23%	26%
Atheist/Agnostic	140	54%	21%	14%	11%
Nothing in particular	198	34%	17%	14%	35%
Income
<$50k	363	31%	17%	19%	32%
$50-100k	312	33%	25%	22%	20%
$100k+	243	37%	34%	16%	13%
College degree
Yes	376	42%	26%	17%	15%
No	624	29%	23%	20%	28%
Child in college
Yes	141	32%	29%	24%	15%
No	859	34%	23%	18%	25%
Student loans
Yes	123	46%	22%	17%	15%
No	877	32%	24%	19%	24%
MAGA
MAGA Republican	196	27%	23%	28%	21%
Never Trumper	12	24%	44%	20%	12%
Neither	162	19%	38%	20%	23%
Regrets degree
Regrets	58	45%	12%	23%	20%
No regret	318	42%	28%	16%	14%
College major
Bus./Finance	53	30%	19%	22%	29%
Eng./CS	53	36%	34%	15%	16%
Natural Sci.	31	74%	10%	11%	4%
Math	7	10%	56%	12%	22%
Social Sci.	67	47%	26%	15%	12%
Humanities	43	66%	22%	10%	2%
Education	39	43%	12%	26%	19%
Health/Nursing	20	19%	43%	26%	11%
Arts/Comm.	36	51%	27%	18%	4%
Other	27	24%	36%	15%	25%

Table A41 | Faculty imbalance factor: Conservatives choose higher-paying careers outside academia

“How much is each of the following a factor in the political imbalance of university faculty?” Item: Conservatives choose higher-paying careers outside academia. Wording carried over from the February questionnaire.

Subgroup	N	A major factor	A minor factor	Not a factor	Not sure
Overall	1,000	26%	27%	19%	28%
Party
Democrat	318	25%	27%	21%	27%
Independent	316	26%	27%	21%	26%
Republican	279	27%	31%	15%	26%
Gender
Male	464	30%	27%	20%	23%
Female	536	23%	26%	18%	33%
Age
18-29	162	20%	31%	21%	28%
30-44	287	25%	25%	21%	30%
45-64	300	27%	24%	22%	27%
65+	251	32%	30%	11%	28%
Religion
Protestant	364	26%	30%	18%	26%
Catholic	187	35%	32%	13%	20%
Other Christian	12	51%	13%	18%	18%
Jewish	21	41%	8%	29%	22%
Other faith	78	34%	19%	11%	37%
Atheist/Agnostic	140	17%	23%	35%	26%
Nothing in particular	198	19%	24%	18%	39%
Income
<$50k	363	24%	20%	17%	39%
$50-100k	312	25%	31%	20%	24%
$100k+	243	32%	33%	21%	14%
College degree
Yes	376	29%	28%	21%	22%
No	624	25%	26%	18%	32%
Child in college
Yes	141	34%	31%	14%	21%
No	859	25%	26%	20%	29%
Student loans
Yes	123	23%	30%	24%	23%
No	877	27%	26%	18%	29%
MAGA
MAGA Republican	196	33%	30%	18%	19%
Never Trumper	12	19%	51%	30%	0%
Neither	162	25%	35%	14%	27%
Regrets degree
Regrets	58	27%	24%	20%	29%
No regret	318	29%	29%	21%	20%
College major
Bus./Finance	53	28%	25%	16%	30%
Eng./CS	53	31%	31%	25%	14%
Natural Sci.	31	26%	16%	16%	42%
Math	7	40%	26%	34%	0%
Social Sci.	67	30%	29%	25%	16%
Humanities	43	39%	29%	18%	14%
Education	39	23%	28%	24%	24%
Health/Nursing	20	21%	36%	26%	17%
Arts/Comm.	36	30%	36%	14%	20%
Other	27	24%	22%	22%	32%

Table A42 | Whose job is it to fix the imbalance?

“Whose responsibility is it to address political imbalance among faculty?” Wording carried over from the February questionnaire.

Subgroup	N	Universities themselves	State governments	Federal government	It doesn’t need to be addressed	Not sure
Overall	1,000	46%	7%	6%	25%	16%
Party
Democrat	318	37%	4%	4%	41%	15%
Independent	316	50%	7%	4%	26%	12%
Republican	279	56%	12%	9%	8%	14%
Gender
Male	464	47%	8%	6%	25%	14%
Female	536	45%	7%	6%	25%	18%
Age
18-29	162	42%	9%	3%	29%	18%
30-44	287	34%	10%	8%	28%	20%
45-64	300	51%	6%	6%	23%	14%
65+	251	57%	5%	5%	20%	12%
Religion
Protestant	364	52%	11%	5%	17%	14%
Catholic	187	52%	10%	10%	17%	12%
Other Christian	12	49%	0%	10%	41%	0%
Jewish	21	35%	0%	0%	52%	13%
Other faith	78	38%	5%	12%	24%	22%
Atheist/Agnostic	140	39%	2%	0%	49%	10%
Nothing in particular	198	37%	5%	5%	28%	26%
Income
<$50k	363	40%	9%	6%	24%	21%
$50-100k	312	49%	8%	6%	24%	13%
$100k+	243	51%	5%	7%	29%	8%
College degree
Yes	376	47%	7%	4%	33%	9%
No	624	46%	8%	7%	20%	20%
Child in college
Yes	141	53%	6%	9%	23%	10%
No	859	45%	8%	5%	25%	17%
Student loans
Yes	123	44%	6%	3%	40%	7%
No	877	46%	8%	6%	23%	17%
MAGA
MAGA Republican	196	58%	13%	13%	5%	11%
Never Trumper	12	70%	0%	0%	30%	0%
Neither	162	65%	8%	3%	10%	15%
Regrets degree
Regrets	58	57%	6%	7%	15%	15%
No regret	318	45%	7%	4%	36%	8%
College major
Bus./Finance	53	50%	8%	4%	17%	20%
Eng./CS	53	38%	19%	8%	25%	10%
Natural Sci.	31	39%	2%	0%	58%	0%
Math	7	52%	0%	12%	14%	22%
Social Sci.	67	43%	6%	3%	47%	1%
Humanities	43	52%	0%	0%	44%	3%
Education	39	48%	9%	6%	34%	3%
Health/Nursing	20	61%	2%	0%	31%	7%
Arts/Comm.	36	47%	4%	0%	35%	14%
Other	27	55%	0%	15%	8%	22%

Table A43 | Considering political viewpoints in hiring

“Should universities consider political viewpoints when hiring faculty, to ensure a range of perspectives are represented?”

Subgroup	N	Strongly support	Somewhat support	Neither support nor oppose	Somewhat oppose	Strongly oppose
Overall	1,000	7%	16%	37%	14%	27%
Party
Democrat	318	3%	8%	36%	18%	34%
Independent	316	7%	19%	32%	15%	27%
Republican	279	10%	24%	39%	10%	17%
Gender
Male	464	7%	18%	33%	13%	28%
Female	536	6%	14%	40%	15%	25%
Age
18-29	162	5%	17%	40%	18%	20%
30-44	287	6%	14%	38%	16%	27%
45-64	300	7%	18%	33%	12%	30%
65+	251	9%	15%	38%	12%	26%
Religion
Protestant	364	10%	18%	36%	12%	23%
Catholic	187	9%	20%	36%	13%	22%
Other Christian	12	0%	26%	31%	37%	5%
Jewish	21	0%	5%	41%	23%	31%
Other faith	78	3%	21%	34%	11%	31%
Atheist/Agnostic	140	3%	7%	25%	17%	49%
Nothing in particular	198	3%	14%	47%	15%	21%
Income
<$50k	363	5%	14%	43%	13%	26%
$50-100k	312	8%	18%	33%	14%	27%
$100k+	243	9%	18%	31%	15%	28%
College degree
Yes	376	8%	14%	31%	15%	31%
No	624	6%	17%	40%	13%	24%
Child in college
Yes	141	8%	22%	31%	16%	24%
No	859	6%	15%	38%	14%	27%
Student loans
Yes	123	4%	14%	32%	17%	33%
No	877	7%	16%	37%	14%	26%
MAGA
MAGA Republican	196	13%	29%	33%	9%	16%
Never Trumper	12	6%	12%	34%	10%	38%
Neither	162	9%	20%	40%	10%	20%
Regrets degree
Regrets	58	8%	14%	36%	11%	31%
No regret	318	8%	14%	30%	16%	31%
College major
Bus./Finance	53	13%	16%	46%	9%	16%
Eng./CS	53	14%	20%	26%	21%	18%
Natural Sci.	31	3%	2%	32%	19%	43%
Math	7	0%	0%	31%	34%	35%
Social Sci.	67	4%	22%	21%	19%	34%
Humanities	43	4%	19%	33%	7%	37%
Education	39	0%	9%	45%	16%	30%
Health/Nursing	20	14%	3%	18%	20%	45%
Arts/Comm.	36	11%	7%	26%	21%	34%
Other	27	5%	17%	30%	0%	47%

Table A44 | Hiring preference: conservative candidate version

“Suppose two equally qualified candidates apply for a professor job in a department where almost no faculty are [conservative / people of color]. Would you support or oppose the university choosing the [conservative candidate specifically because of their political views / candidate of color specifically because of their race]?” Respondents randomly assigned to the conservative-candidate version.

Subgroup	N	Strongly support	Somewhat support	Neither support nor oppose	Somewhat oppose	Strongly oppose
Overall	500	8%	12%	41%	15%	24%
Party
Democrat	160	4%	6%	36%	20%	33%
Independent	152	5%	14%	43%	15%	23%
Republican	137	18%	21%	36%	13%	13%
Gender
Male	228	13%	14%	38%	16%	19%
Female	272	3%	11%	44%	14%	28%
Age
18-29	80	1%	12%	44%	21%	22%
30-44	139	6%	10%	45%	16%	23%
45-64	145	8%	10%	42%	15%	24%
65+	136	16%	18%	32%	10%	24%
Religion
Protestant	189	12%	17%	40%	12%	20%
Catholic	89	13%	14%	39%	19%	15%
Other Christian	7	21%	16%	0%	33%	30%
Jewish	12	0%	13%	17%	51%	18%
Other faith	39	4%	3%	43%	14%	36%
Atheist/Agnostic	70	1%	5%	31%	24%	39%
Nothing in particular	94	3%	10%	56%	8%	22%
Income
<$50k	181	5%	11%	44%	18%	22%
$50-100k	146	11%	10%	39%	15%	25%
$100k+	128	10%	15%	32%	15%	28%
College degree
Yes	180	8%	11%	33%	16%	33%
No	320	8%	13%	45%	15%	18%
Child in college
Yes	65	5%	16%	43%	13%	23%
No	435	9%	11%	41%	16%	24%
Student loans
Yes	56	6%	12%	22%	25%	34%
No	444	8%	12%	43%	14%	22%
MAGA
MAGA Republican	93	25%	19%	34%	8%	14%
Never Trumper	8	0%	26%	34%	18%	22%
Neither	77	9%	23%	37%	22%	9%
Regrets degree
Regrets	26	15%	10%	33%	7%	35%
No regret	154	7%	11%	33%	17%	32%
College major
Bus./Finance	23	23%	3%	49%	12%	12%
Eng./CS	25	4%	21%	39%	14%	23%
Natural Sci.	15	0%	9%	26%	33%	32%
Math	5	0%	15%	24%	43%	18%
Social Sci.	36	0%	8%	24%	26%	42%
Humanities	16	16%	13%	26%	12%	33%
Education	16	16%	5%	35%	0%	43%
Health/Nursing	9	10%	9%	16%	6%	59%
Arts/Comm.	20	0%	16%	28%	11%	45%
Other	15	15%	9%	47%	4%	26%

Table A45 | Hiring preference: candidate of color version

“Suppose two equally qualified candidates apply for a professor job in a department where almost no faculty are [conservative / people of color]. Would you support or oppose the university choosing the [conservative candidate specifically because of their political views / candidate of color specifically because of their race]?” Respondents randomly assigned to the candidate-of-color version.

Subgroup	N	Strongly support	Somewhat support	Neither support nor oppose	Somewhat oppose	Strongly oppose
Overall	500	8%	13%	30%	18%	32%
Party
Democrat	158	14%	25%	35%	17%	10%
Independent	164	6%	10%	32%	16%	35%
Republican	142	3%	5%	22%	22%	48%
Gender
Male	236	7%	13%	26%	22%	32%
Female	264	9%	13%	34%	14%	31%
Age
18-29	82	6%	15%	33%	24%	22%
30-44	148	9%	14%	42%	7%	28%
45-64	155	9%	9%	22%	22%	37%
65+	115	8%	14%	26%	17%	35%
Religion
Protestant	175	9%	10%	24%	23%	34%
Catholic	98	6%	11%	27%	16%	41%
Other Christian	5	0%	0%	45%	12%	43%
Jewish	9	10%	33%	30%	21%	6%
Other faith	39	5%	9%	29%	16%	42%
Atheist/Agnostic	70	16%	27%	29%	12%	17%
Nothing in particular	104	4%	10%	45%	15%	26%
Income
<$50k	182	7%	9%	37%	19%	28%
$50-100k	166	9%	12%	30%	12%	38%
$100k+	115	8%	19%	19%	24%	30%
College degree
Yes	196	12%	19%	24%	16%	29%
No	304	6%	9%	33%	19%	33%
Child in college
Yes	76	11%	15%	26%	10%	39%
No	424	7%	12%	31%	19%	30%
Student loans
Yes	67	17%	16%	27%	19%	20%
No	433	7%	12%	30%	18%	33%
MAGA
MAGA Republican	103	3%	3%	18%	17%	59%
Never Trumper	4	0%	72%	0%	0%	28%
Neither	85	3%	5%	25%	24%	42%
Regrets degree
Regrets	32	3%	17%	26%	13%	41%
No regret	164	14%	20%	24%	17%	26%
College major
Bus./Finance	30	6%	16%	18%	20%	40%
Eng./CS	28	11%	33%	13%	10%	33%
Natural Sci.	16	8%	42%	32%	11%	7%
Math	2	0%	46%	0%	0%	54%
Social Sci.	31	12%	18%	20%	25%	24%
Humanities	27	14%	15%	45%	15%	10%
Education	23	24%	6%	28%	12%	30%
Health/Nursing	11	4%	5%	39%	18%	33%
Arts/Comm.	16	13%	29%	21%	30%	7%
Other	12	11%	13%	9%	0%	67%

Table A46 | Should universities take public positions?

“When a national or global controversy arises, do you think colleges and universities should issue official institutional statements taking a position, or should they generally remain neutral?”

Subgroup	N	Should almost always take a public position	Should take a position on some issues but not others	Should generally remain neutral	Should always remain neutral	Not sure
Overall	1,000	5%	18%	39%	25%	12%
Party
Democrat	318	7%	30%	40%	14%	10%
Independent	316	6%	15%	43%	24%	13%
Republican	279	2%	13%	38%	38%	9%
Gender
Male	464	4%	17%	41%	27%	11%
Female	536	5%	20%	38%	23%	14%
Age
18-29	162	7%	28%	37%	15%	13%
30-44	287	6%	22%	35%	18%	18%
45-64	300	3%	13%	42%	32%	10%
65+	251	3%	14%	42%	33%	8%
Religion
Protestant	364	3%	16%	40%	31%	10%
Catholic	187	3%	20%	40%	28%	9%
Other Christian	12	14%	45%	34%	6%	0%
Jewish	21	0%	18%	43%	16%	23%
Other faith	78	3%	19%	42%	19%	17%
Atheist/Agnostic	140	12%	25%	37%	17%	7%
Nothing in particular	198	6%	14%	38%	20%	21%
Income
<$50k	363	5%	20%	39%	20%	16%
$50-100k	312	4%	18%	40%	27%	11%
$100k+	243	6%	17%	42%	29%	6%
College degree
Yes	376	6%	23%	40%	23%	7%
No	624	4%	16%	39%	26%	15%
Child in college
Yes	141	4%	21%	48%	22%	6%
No	859	5%	18%	38%	25%	13%
Student loans
Yes	123	8%	20%	47%	17%	8%
No	877	4%	18%	38%	26%	13%
MAGA
MAGA Republican	196	1%	14%	33%	44%	7%
Never Trumper	12	5%	9%	55%	11%	21%
Neither	162	2%	9%	46%	36%	7%
Regrets degree
Regrets	58	8%	11%	40%	28%	13%
No regret	318	6%	25%	40%	22%	6%
College major
Bus./Finance	53	4%	24%	28%	31%	14%
Eng./CS	53	13%	25%	37%	15%	10%
Natural Sci.	31	10%	24%	43%	2%	21%
Math	7	0%	10%	57%	33%	0%
Social Sci.	67	11%	30%	41%	14%	4%
Humanities	43	0%	23%	60%	15%	2%
Education	39	7%	18%	35%	38%	3%
Health/Nursing	20	0%	21%	45%	34%	0%
Arts/Comm.	36	7%	19%	45%	25%	4%
Other	27	2%	15%	33%	41%	10%

Table A47 | The AAUP’s political endorsement

Subgroup	N	Strongly approve	Somewhat approve	Neither approve nor disapprove	Somewhat disapprove	Strongly disapprove
Overall	1,000	8%	11%	39%	14%	28%
Party
Democrat	318	17%	22%	43%	14%	4%
Independent	316	7%	10%	41%	16%	27%
Republican	279	2%	3%	30%	11%	54%
Gender
Male	464	8%	9%	36%	15%	32%
Female	536	8%	13%	43%	12%	24%
Age
18-29	162	6%	13%	47%	19%	14%
30-44	287	9%	13%	47%	10%	21%
45-64	300	9%	8%	33%	13%	37%
65+	251	7%	9%	32%	15%	37%
Religion
Protestant	364	6%	8%	34%	16%	36%
Catholic	187	12%	9%	29%	18%	32%
Other Christian	12	10%	16%	19%	16%	40%
Jewish	21	21%	22%	23%	22%	12%
Other faith	78	6%	10%	52%	4%	28%
Atheist/Agnostic	140	9%	18%	43%	10%	20%
Nothing in particular	198	6%	12%	55%	10%	17%
Income
<$50k	363	7%	12%	51%	11%	20%
$50-100k	312	7%	10%	34%	14%	35%
$100k+	243	12%	9%	29%	20%	30%
College degree
Yes	376	10%	12%	35%	15%	28%
No	624	6%	10%	42%	13%	28%
Child in college
Yes	141	11%	14%	37%	12%	27%
No	859	7%	10%	40%	14%	29%
Student loans
Yes	123	7%	17%	39%	20%	18%
No	877	8%	10%	40%	13%	30%
MAGA
MAGA Republican	196	3%	4%	24%	9%	60%
Never Trumper	12	0%	16%	0%	32%	52%
Neither	162	2%	2%	29%	19%	48%
Regrets degree
Regrets	58	5%	5%	39%	14%	37%
No regret	318	11%	13%	34%	15%	26%
College major
Bus./Finance	53	7%	10%	37%	8%	38%
Eng./CS	53	14%	11%	32%	15%	28%
Natural Sci.	31	16%	26%	31%	20%	7%
Math	7	0%	0%	55%	14%	31%
Social Sci.	67	14%	14%	28%	21%	24%
Humanities	43	15%	14%	26%	26%	20%
Education	39	6%	6%	52%	17%	19%
Health/Nursing	20	0%	8%	46%	7%	39%
Arts/Comm.	36	12%	14%	32%	17%	24%
Other	27	6%	7%	33%	0%	55%

Table A48 | College graduation

“Have you completed a four-year college degree?”

Subgroup	N	Yes	No
Overall	1,000	37%	63%
Party
Democrat	318	42%	58%
Independent	316	38%	62%
Republican	279	34%	66%
Gender
Male	464	36%	64%
Female	536	38%	62%
Age
18-29	162	32%	68%
30-44	287	43%	57%
45-64	300	37%	63%
65+	251	32%	68%
Religion
Protestant	364	35%	65%
Catholic	187	29%	71%
Other Christian	12	74%	26%
Jewish	21	68%	32%
Other faith	78	29%	71%
Atheist/Agnostic	140	57%	43%
Nothing in particular	198	32%	68%
Income
<$50k	363	19%	81%
$50-100k	312	43%	57%
$100k+	243	58%	42%
Child in college
Yes	141	51%	49%
No	859	34%	66%
Student loans
Yes	123	56%	44%
No	877	34%	66%
MAGA
MAGA Republican	196	33%	67%
Never Trumper	12	75%	25%
Neither	162	36%	64%

Table A49 | College major

“What was your primary field of study (major)?” Asked if college_grad = Yes. Major categories abbreviated for width.

Subgroup	N	Bus./Finance	Eng./CS	Natural Sci.	Math	Social Sci.	Humanities	Education	Health/Nursing	Arts/Comm.	Other
Overall	376	15%	15%	7%	2%	17%	10%	10%	7%	9%	7%
Party
Democrat	146	10%	12%	11%	1%	21%	13%	13%	7%	10%	3%
Independent	124	14%	14%	7%	2%	19%	12%	8%	10%	6%	8%
Republican	86	24%	19%	3%	2%	8%	6%	10%	5%	9%	12%
Gender
Male	181	21%	20%	5%	2%	12%	12%	6%	4%	7%	10%
Female	195	10%	10%	9%	2%	22%	9%	14%	10%	11%	4%
Age
18-29	51	18%	11%	16%	0%	17%	0%	6%	20%	8%	4%
30-44	124	18%	24%	4%	2%	18%	11%	11%	2%	6%	4%
45-64	115	12%	11%	4%	3%	20%	15%	8%	6%	10%	12%
65+	86	15%	11%	10%	2%	12%	9%	15%	5%	12%	8%
Religion
Protestant	126	19%	17%	4%	2%	14%	11%	11%	6%	11%	5%
Catholic	59	12%	29%	5%	3%	13%	7%	13%	4%	12%	3%
Other Christian	8	30%	0%	18%	0%	32%	0%	7%	0%	0%	14%
Jewish	14	0%	6%	30%	0%	31%	11%	11%	0%	11%	0%
Other faith	22	0%	4%	12%	4%	15%	10%	16%	14%	4%	21%
Atheist/Agnostic	84	11%	10%	9%	1%	26%	9%	5%	13%	7%	10%
Nothing in particular	63	23%	12%	7%	3%	13%	13%	9%	5%	8%	7%
Income
<$50k	75	11%	11%	12%	2%	15%	8%	15%	4%	7%	16%
$50-100k	127	20%	11%	4%	1%	17%	10%	14%	7%	9%	8%
$100k+	152	14%	22%	7%	2%	19%	10%	5%	9%	9%	3%
Child in college
Yes	72	12%	24%	5%	1%	12%	15%	9%	11%	7%	4%
No	304	16%	13%	8%	2%	19%	9%	10%	6%	9%	8%
Student loans
Yes	72	12%	7%	13%	1%	37%	8%	7%	3%	10%	1%
No	304	16%	17%	6%	2%	13%	11%	11%	8%	9%	9%
MAGA
MAGA Republican	58	30%	18%	3%	1%	4%	7%	9%	6%	5%	16%
Never Trumper	8	12%	20%	14%	0%	13%	0%	0%	32%	0%	9%
Neither	51	11%	17%	2%	4%	24%	3%	13%	8%	15%	4%
Regrets degree
Regrets	58	25%	8%	3%	1%	10%	20%	9%	5%	9%	10%
No regret	318	13%	16%	8%	2%	19%	8%	10%	7%	9%	7%

Table A50 | Would still get their degree

“If you could go back, would you still choose to get your college degree?” Asked if college_grad = Yes.

Subgroup	N	Definitely yes	Probably yes	Probably not	Definitely not
Overall	377	58%	26%	10%	6%
Party
Democrat	146	66%	24%	7%	3%
Independent	125	57%	26%	9%	8%
Republican	86	52%	27%	13%	8%
Gender
Male	182	57%	26%	12%	5%
Female	195	59%	26%	8%	6%
Age
18-29	52	67%	24%	6%	3%
30-44	124	47%	32%	12%	10%
45-64	115	58%	24%	13%	5%
65+	86	68%	23%	5%	3%
Religion
Protestant	126	58%	27%	11%	4%
Catholic	60	59%	26%	8%	7%
Other Christian	8	67%	20%	14%	0%
Jewish	14	79%	13%	8%	0%
Other faith	22	50%	29%	19%	2%
Atheist/Agnostic	84	67%	22%	8%	3%
Nothing in particular	63	44%	33%	9%	14%
Income
<$50k	75	52%	23%	15%	10%
$50-100k	127	55%	26%	12%	8%
$100k+	152	62%	29%	6%	3%
Child in college
Yes	72	59%	33%	8%	0%
No	305	58%	25%	11%	7%
Student loans
Yes	72	59%	23%	8%	9%
No	305	58%	27%	10%	5%
MAGA
MAGA Republican	58	46%	25%	19%	10%
Never Trumper	8	73%	16%	12%	0%
Neither	51	54%	37%	4%	4%
Regrets degree
Regrets	58	0%	0%	64%	36%
No regret	318	69%	31%	0%	0%
College major
Bus./Finance	53	42%	32%	15%	11%
Eng./CS	53	71%	20%	7%	2%
Natural Sci.	31	77%	17%	6%	0%
Math	7	43%	45%	12%	0%
Social Sci.	67	67%	24%	5%	4%
Humanities	43	49%	20%	13%	18%
Education	39	53%	33%	7%	6%
Health/Nursing	20	73%	15%	6%	6%
Arts/Comm.	36	49%	35%	13%	3%
Other	27	49%	30%	21%	0%

Table A51 | Regret not getting a degree

“Do you regret not getting a four-year college degree?” Asked if college_grad = No.

Subgroup	N	Yes	No
Overall	624	27%	73%
Party
Democrat	172	34%	66%
Independent	192	24%	76%
Republican	193	20%	80%
Gender
Male	283	27%	73%
Female	341	27%	73%
Age
18-29	111	26%	74%
30-44	163	36%	64%
45-64	185	25%	75%
65+	165	21%	79%
Religion
Protestant	238	23%	77%
Catholic	128	33%	67%
Other Christian	4	13%	87%
Jewish	7	45%	55%
Other faith	56	22%	78%
Atheist/Agnostic	56	39%	61%
Nothing in particular	135	24%	76%
Income
<$50k	288	27%	73%
$50-100k	185	32%	68%
$100k+	91	18%	82%
Child in college
Yes	69	38%	62%
No	555	26%	74%
Student loans
Yes	51	40%	60%
No	573	26%	74%
MAGA
MAGA Republican	138	26%	74%
Never Trumper	4	28%	72%
Neither	111	17%	83%

Table A52 | Outstanding student loan debt

“Do you currently have outstanding student loan debt?”

Subgroup	N	Yes	No
Overall	1,000	12%	88%
Party
Democrat	318	16%	84%
Independent	316	13%	87%
Republican	279	9%	91%
Gender
Male	464	10%	90%
Female	536	15%	85%
Age
18-29	162	19%	81%
30-44	287	17%	83%
45-64	300	11%	89%
65+	251	2%	98%
Religion
Protestant	364	15%	85%
Catholic	187	4%	96%
Other Christian	12	8%	92%
Jewish	21	28%	72%
Other faith	78	7%	93%
Atheist/Agnostic	140	18%	82%
Nothing in particular	198	12%	88%
Income
<$50k	363	12%	88%
$50-100k	312	14%	86%
$100k+	243	13%	87%
College degree
Yes	376	19%	81%
No	624	9%	91%
Child in college
Yes	141	14%	86%
No	859	12%	88%
MAGA
MAGA Republican	196	5%	95%
Never Trumper	12	0%	100%
Neither	162	17%	83%
Regrets degree
Regrets	58	21%	79%
No regret	318	18%	82%
College major
Bus./Finance	53	15%	85%
Eng./CS	53	9%	91%
Natural Sci.	31	32%	68%
Math	7	12%	88%
Social Sci.	67	40%	60%
Humanities	43	15%	85%
Education	39	13%	87%
Health/Nursing	20	9%	91%
Arts/Comm.	36	20%	80%
Other	27	3%	97%

Table A53 | Child in or headed to college

“Do you have a child currently enrolled in or planning to attend college?”

Subgroup	N	Yes	No
Overall	1,000	14%	86%
Party
Democrat	318	14%	86%
Independent	316	14%	86%
Republican	279	14%	86%
Gender
Male	464	12%	88%
Female	536	16%	84%
Age
18-29	162	4%	96%
30-44	287	17%	83%
45-64	300	24%	76%
65+	251	7%	93%
Religion
Protestant	364	15%	85%
Catholic	187	17%	83%
Other Christian	12	16%	84%
Jewish	21	5%	95%
Other faith	78	13%	87%
Atheist/Agnostic	140	10%	90%
Nothing in particular	198	14%	86%
Income
<$50k	363	11%	89%
$50-100k	312	15%	85%
$100k+	243	19%	81%
College degree
Yes	376	20%	80%
No	624	11%	89%
Student loans
Yes	123	17%	83%
No	877	14%	86%
MAGA
MAGA Republican	196	12%	88%
Never Trumper	12	25%	75%
Neither	162	20%	80%
Regrets degree
Regrets	58	10%	90%
No regret	318	22%	78%
College major
Bus./Finance	53	16%	84%
Eng./CS	53	32%	68%
Natural Sci.	31	13%	87%
Math	7	10%	90%
Social Sci.	67	14%	86%
Humanities	43	31%	69%
Education	39	17%	83%
Health/Nursing	20	30%	70%
Arts/Comm.	36	15%	85%
Other	27	11%	89%