Party unity 92.8%, in the bottom quarter of the Maryland House (average 97.0%). 2,779 roll calls in the MD 2025–26 session.
Party unity counts only party-line roll calls, where most Democrats and most Republicans voted on opposite sides, and is the share of those where Jacobs voted with the majority of Maryland House Republicans; it is ranked within the Maryland House. The count covers every roll call where Jacobs voted opposite that majority.
At a glance
6 measures against the Maryland House. 26% of the 110 bills Jacobs sponsored got out of committee, in the bottom quarter of the Maryland House. 83% of Jacobs’s itemized money in the 2026 cycle came from Maryland, in the bottom quarter of State House Republicans.
The measures on which Jacobs sits furthest from the middle of the Maryland House, each against the same group, with the CSIP score when there is one. Every number is explained in its own section below.
Attendance
Maryland House average 94.3% · ranks 13th of 137 · 2,779 roll calls
Party unity
Maryland House average 97.0% · ranks 118th of 136 · 95 votes against the majority of Maryland House Republicans
Out of committee
Maryland House average 49% · ranks 117th of 140
From Maryland, 2026
Of itemized individual dollars · ranks 1867th of 2,335 State House Republicans
Itemized, 2026
State House Republicans’ median $33.7K · ranks 1696th of 2,521
CSIP ideology
More liberal than 59% of State House Republicans · ± 0.02
Peer group: Maryland House. Rank 1 is the highest value in the group; the thick bar is Jacobs, the thin grey bar the peer average. The headline is the measure on which Jacobs is most unusual among peers (Methods, §08).
What Jacobs says
No statements for the MD 2025–26 session.No classified statements (posts, press releases, newsletters, floor speeches) in this time window.
Policy
No policy statements for the MD 2025–26 session.No classified statements (posts, press releases, newsletters, floor speeches) in this time window.
Ideology
Jacobs sits at +0.30 on the CSIP scale, right of 0, more liberal than 59% of State House Republicans. Approximate range +0.28 to +0.32, which understates the uncertainty; from 110 donors and 1,193 roll calls.
CSIP, the lab’s Common-Space Ideal Point, places every official, federal and state, on one left–right scale, estimated from roll-call votes, who gives money to whom, and the text of statements. Negative is left of 0, positive right of it; 0 is the centre of the scale, not a definition of “moderate”.
CSIP ideal point
Approximate range +0.28 to +0.32. From 110 donors and 1,193 roll calls. Run 2026-10-25T215945. Blue is left of 0, red right of 0.
The outlined dot is Jacobs, coloured by its side of 0 (blue left, red right, deeper further out); the bar through it is the approximate range (±1.96 standard errors), which understates the uncertainty; the grey ticks below are the medians of Jacobs’s groups. 0 is the centre of the scale, not “moderate” by definition.
What this means, and what it doesn’t
The score summarises how an official votes, who funds them and how they talk, relative to everyone else. It does not grade positions as good or bad, and two officials with the same score can differ on any single issue. The ± range is 1.96 standard errors, which understates the uncertainty: scores whose ranges overlap may not differ at all, and even scores whose ranges do not overlap may not differ.
Where Jacobs sits
Every official in each group, on the CSIP scale
Show the data
| Group | Officials | Median | Share left of Jacobs |
|---|---|---|---|
| State House Republicans | 2917 | +0.4 | 41% |
| Maryland House | 141 | −0.6 | 81% |
| All State House | 5324 | +0.1 | 67% |
How to read the strips
Every small dot is one official on the same scale, coloured by its own score (blue left of 0, red right of 0, grey at 0, deeper further out) and spread up and down only to keep dots apart; where a group is crowded the dots overlap, and darker patches mean more officials. The large outlined dot is Jacobs in every row; the rule is each group’s median. The table under the figure gives the share of each group to the left of Jacobs.
Money
Jacobs reported $16.5K in the 2026 cycle, below the State House Republicans’ median of $33.7K. State filings report no small-donation total. 83% of itemized individual money came from Maryland.
Campaign money from state campaign-finance filings, as aggregates only; the lab never shows an individual donor. Campaigns must report by name every person who gives them more than $200 in a cycle (“itemized”); smaller gifts are reported only as one total (“unitemized”), so donor counts, donor states, employers and occupations describe itemized donors only. State filings report no small-gift total, so these figures add up itemized contributions only.
itemized in the 2026 cycle
From 60 itemized donors. State House Republicans’ median $33.7K.
Where the money came from
Each square is one percent of itemized contributions in the 2026 cycle.
- Individuals (itemized)76 squares$12.6K
- PACs and other committees24 squares$3,960
Show the data
| Source | Amount | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Individuals (itemized) | $12.6K | 76.1% |
| PACs and other committees | $3,960 | 23.9% |
What this means, and what it doesn’t
Totals say how much a campaign took in, not how it was spent, and they rise sharply when a seat is up for election; compare cycles with that in mind.
Receipts by cycle
Itemized contributions, 2020 to 2026. The grey line is the State House Republicans’ median for 2026.
Show the data
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| 2020 cycle | $400 |
| 2022 cycle | $21.3K |
| 2024 cycle | $1,250 |
| 2026 cycle | $16.5K |
Top donor states, 2026
Itemized contributions by donor state. 83% came from Maryland.
- Maryland$10.5K
- Pennsylvania$2,100
Small donations
State filings report no total for small gifts.
Not reported in state filings.
Where itemized donors live
Individuals who gave more than $200, by donor state
Show the data
| State | Value |
|---|---|
| Maryland | $10.5K |
| Pennsylvania | $2,100 |
| Alaska | No data |
| Maine | No data |
| Vermont | No data |
| New Hampshire | No data |
| Washington | No data |
| Idaho | No data |
| Montana | No data |
| North Dakota | No data |
| Minnesota | No data |
| Illinois | No data |
| Wisconsin | No data |
| Michigan | No data |
| New York | No data |
| Rhode Island | No data |
| Massachusetts | No data |
| Oregon | No data |
| Nevada | No data |
| Wyoming | No data |
| South Dakota | No data |
| Iowa | No data |
| Indiana | No data |
| Ohio | No data |
| New Jersey | No data |
| Connecticut | No data |
| California | No data |
| Utah | No data |
| Colorado | No data |
| Nebraska | No data |
| Missouri | No data |
| Kentucky | No data |
| West Virginia | No data |
| Virginia | No data |
| Delaware | No data |
| Arizona | No data |
| New Mexico | No data |
| Kansas | No data |
| Arkansas | No data |
| Tennessee | No data |
| North Carolina | No data |
| South Carolina | No data |
| District of Columbia | No data |
| Oklahoma | No data |
| Louisiana | No data |
| Mississippi | No data |
| Alabama | No data |
| Georgia | No data |
| Hawaii | No data |
| Texas | No data |
| Florida | No data |
itemized donors
People who gave more than $200
from Maryland
Of itemized individual dollars
How to read the map
Every state the same size. Darker states gave more itemized money; hatched states had no itemized donors; the outlined state is Maryland. Gifts of $200 or less carry no address and are left out.
Top donor occupations
Itemized, 2026 cycle.
No occupations reported.
Top committees
PAC and committee contributions, 2026 cycle.
- MARYLAND REALTORS PAC$1,500
- COMMITTEE TO ELECT BOB MEFLEY$570
- CONSTELLATION ENERGY CORPORATION EMPLOYEE PAC$500
- MARYLAND MULTI-HOUSING ASSOCIATION PAC$500
- MMTA PAC$500
Top employers
Itemized, 2026 cycle.
No employers reported.
Aggregates only. Individual donors are never named.
Votes
Jacobs voted with the majority of Maryland House Republicans on 92.8% of party-line votes and missed 0.3% of 2,779 roll calls. Maryland House on average: 97.0% party unity, 94.3% attendance. Across all roll calls, Jacobs voted against the majority of Maryland House Republicans 95 times.
2,779 roll calls Jacobs could vote on in the MD 2025–26 session, compared with Maryland House. Attendance is the share with a vote recorded. Party unity counts only party-line roll calls, where most Democrats and most Republicans voted on opposite sides, and is the share of those where Jacobs voted with the majority of Maryland House Republicans. The count of votes against that majority covers every roll call where the majority took a side.
votes against the majority of Maryland House Republicans
Party unity 92.8%, Maryland House average 97.0%, ranks 118th of 136. 2,779 roll calls in the MD 2025–26 session.
Attendance and party unity
The thick bar is Jacobs, the thin grey bar the Maryland House average. The scale runs from 80% to 100% to show the gap.
Show the data
| Row | Jacobs | Peers |
|---|---|---|
| Attendance | 99.7% | 94.3% |
| Party unity | 92.8% | 97.0% |
What this means, and what it doesn’t
A missed roll call has many causes, from illness to campaigning, so attendance says how often, not why. A vote against the majority can be on procedure as well as substance, and many fall on roll calls where both parties split; the key votes below show the ones that decided something.
Key votes
25 roll calls the lab flagged as key in the MD 2025–26 session
| Party split (yea–nay) | Why it’s key | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aug 4, 2026 | HB 2101 Arbitration Reform for State Employees Act of 2026 - Withdraw and Repeal of Duplicate Proposed Constitutional Amendment On Third Reading (Emerg) | Nay | With majority | pass | D 89–0 · R 0–33Democrats 89 yea, 0 nay; Republicans 0 yea, 33 nay | became law |
| Aug 4, 2026 | HB 2100 Election Districts - General Assembly and Representatives in Congress On Third Reading (Const) | Nay | With majority | pass | D 95–1 · R 0–36Democrats 95 yea, 1 nay; Republicans 0 yea, 36 nay | became law · much discussed |
| Aug 3, 2026 | HB 2100 Election Districts - General Assembly and Representatives in Congress FLA Del. Grammer /423321/1 | Yea | With majority | fail | D 1–94 · R 32–2Democrats 1 yea, 94 nay; Republicans 32 yea, 2 nay | became law · much discussed |
| Aug 3, 2026 | HB 2101 Arbitration Reform for State Employees Act of 2026 - Withdraw and Repeal of Duplicate Proposed Constitutional Amendment Motion to Suspend Rules from 1st to 2nd Rdg (Emerg) | Nay | With majority | pass | D 96–0 · R 1–33Democrats 96 yea, 0 nay; Republicans 1 yea, 33 nay | became law |
| Aug 3, 2026 | Nay | With majority | pass | D 98–0 · R 0–35Democrats 98 yea, 0 nay; Republicans 0 yea, 35 nay | became law · much discussed |
How key votes are chosen
Automatically: a final-passage or override vote where the measure became law, the margin was under 10%, at least 10% of either party voted against its majority, or the bill was among the 25 most mentioned in officials’ own statements. Up to 25 per window, most recent first; five are shown. Bars show yea on the left, nay on the right, per party.
Votes most often with
The colleagues who voted the same way as Jacobs most often
- Steve ArentzR2,694 shared votes98%
- Charles OttoR1,266 shared votes97%
- Todd MorganR2,699 shared votes96%
- Tom HutchinsonR2,749 shared votes96%
- Jeff GhristR2,389 shared votes95%
Votes least often with
The colleagues who voted the same way as Jacobs least often
- Gabriel MorenoD1,417 shared votes64%
- Caylin YoungD2,393 shared votes64%
- Derrick ColeyD1,457 shared votes65%
- Darrell OdomD1,434 shared votes65%
- Nicole WilliamsD2,192 shared votes65%
How to read the agreement lists
The share of roll calls both members voted on where they voted the same way, among colleagues sharing at least 50 such votes. High agreement with members of the other party is common on routine votes.
Full voting record
MD 2025–26 session, loads in batches
Legislation
Jacobs sponsored 110 bills in the MD 2025–26 session; 26 became law. Cosponsored 0 others. 26% of sponsored bills got out of committee (Maryland House average 49%; 117th of 140).
The bills Jacobs sponsored and cosponsored in the MD 2025–26 session, from the official bill records, and how far each got: introduced, referred to or acted on in committee, passed one chamber, passed both, became law. A bill counts at every stage it has reached, so the blocks only shrink to the right.
Bills by stage
Counts for the MD 2025–26 session
Show the data
| Role | Introduced | In committee | Passed one chamber | Passed both chambers | Became law |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sponsored | 110 | 110 | 29 | 26 | 26 |
| Cosponsored | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
How to read the blocks
Ink blocks are bills Jacobs sponsored, ochre blocks bills Jacobs cosponsored; the figure above each block is the count. Most bills in any legislature never leave committee, so a short staircase is the norm.
of sponsored bills got out of committee
Maryland House average 49%. Ranks 117th of 140.
Cosponsorship partners
Colleagues who most often cosponsor with Jacobs, by number of shared bills in the MD 2025–26 session; the square shows their party.
- Steve Arentz51
- Tom Hutchinson50
- Todd Morgan44
- Jeff Ghrist34
- Stuart Schmidt32
What this means, and what it doesn’t
The score is the share of sponsored bills that a committee reported out or a chamber passed, with at least 5 sponsored bills, ranked within the peer group. Members of the majority party and committee chairs move more bills, so the rank reflects position in the chamber as well as effort. Cosponsorship partners are the five colleagues who share the most of Jacobs’s bills; the toggle shows more.
Bill list
Sponsored and cosponsored, with status and policy area; five are shown, the toggle shows the rest
| HB 1629 | Drug and Alcohol Treatment Programs - Discharge of Patients and Referral Services - Standards | Sponsor | Feb 25, 2026 | In committee | Health(model) | First Reading House Rules and Executive Nominations Feb 25, 2026 |
| HB 1599 | Chesapeake Bay - Enhancement Program and Maryland Seafood Industry Financial Assistance Fund - Established | Sponsor | Feb 16, 2026 | Became law | Agriculture and Food(model) | Approved by the Governor - Chapter 553 May 12, 2026 |
| HB 1591 | State and Private Wetlands - Nonwater-Dependent Project - Definition | Sponsor | Feb 15, 2026 | In committee | Water Resources Development(model) | First Reading House Rules and Executive Nominations Feb 15, 2026 |
| HB 1388 | Oysters - Rotational Harvest - Pilot Program | Sponsor | Feb 13, 2026 | In committee | Public Lands and Natural Resources(model) | Hearing 3/04 at 1:00 p.m. Feb 13, 2026 |
| HB 1400 | Shellfish Aquaculture - Penalties - Suspension or Revocation of Permit or Registration Card | Sponsor | Feb 13, 2026 | Became law | Agriculture and Food(model) | Approved by the Governor - Chapter 304 Apr 28, 2026 |
Online
A site that changed 1 time in 90 days. Jacobs’s official site had 1 page when last crawled on Oct 1, 2026.
The lab crawls Jacobs’s official and campaign websites (weekly for Congress, monthly for the states) and keeps every page’s text, so changes can be read later; it also records social accounts and describes the images Jacobs posts with a vision model.
Websites
- 1
pages crawled
1changes in 90 days
How to read the counts
“Pages crawled” is the size of the site at the last crawl; “changes in 90 days” counts pages whose text differed from the previous crawl. Sites change for many routine reasons, such as new press releases, so a high count is not by itself notable.
Social accounts
Images Jacobs posted
No images from Jacobs’s posts have been described.
About the descriptions
Written by a vision model and may be wrong. Open the post to see the original. Five are shown; the toggle shows the rest.
State floor speeches
No transcribed state floor speeches are matched to this legislator yet.
Floor speeches
Transcribed from chamber video or captions by the lab. They are not classified for kinds of statement.
Methods and sources
How this page was made. Profile built Oct 28, 2026; site last built Oct 28, 2026. Every number on the page is computed from the sources listed here, by the same rules for every official; nothing is written by hand.
The headline
The headline is the measure on which Jacobs is most unusual among Maryland House, chosen by one rule for every official of every party. The candidates are the rate of each kind of statement and of extreme labels, party unity, attendance, the small-donor share, the in-state share and total receipts of the latest cycle, the share of sponsored bills that got out of committee, talk-to-bills agreement, and the CSIP score’s place within the party group.
The builder ranks every measure within the same peer group the page compares it with, and writes each official’s percentile: the share of the group below the value, ties counting half, so 0.5 is the median and a value shared by many never ranks first. A measure’s score is how far that percentile sits from the median (0 in the middle, 0.5 at either end), and the highest score leads if it is above 0.25, outside the middle half of the group. Scores within 0.03 of each other are a tie, broken in this order: votes against the party majority, kinds of statement, ideology, roll calls missed, small donations, in-state money, legislation, agreement, extreme labels, receipts.
A measure counts only with at least 200 statements, 100 roll calls or 5 sponsored bills behind it and a peer group of at least 10. Two things never lead: high party unity or attendance, where most members sit, and a high rate of a kind of statement backed by fewer than 10 statements. When nothing qualifies, the headline is a neutral fact instead: statements classified, or years in office. The wording always names the direction (“in the bottom 5% of …”, “votes against the majority of …”).
Identifiers
- Profile id
- 4f0a99bb-9045-471a-88d2-1fea0ad8ccab
- Open States
- ocd-person/4f0a99bb-9045-471a-88d2-1fea0ad8ccab
Bulk files with the same data for every official:
Freshness of this profile’s data
- What politicians sayOct 27, 20261 days agoMembers of Congress: tweets since 2017; press releases, newsletters and floor speeches since 2022. State legislators: tweets since May 2024. Governors: tweets since January 2025. Labels from an LLM classifier.
- Roll calls (state)Oct 21, 20267 days agoOpen States floor roll calls, 2019 on (none for AK and MO).
- Bills (state)Oct 28, 2026todayOpen States bills and sponsors, 2019 on; stages from roll calls.
- Campaign money (state)no dateState campaign-finance agencies, 2019 on; aggregates only.
- Ideology (CSIP)Oct 25, 20263 days agoCommon-Space Ideal Points (CSIP), current validated run.
- WebsitesOct 25, 20263 days agoWeekly crawls of federal sites since April 2026; monthly state crawls since June 2026.
- State floor speechesOct 21, 20267 days agoState floor speech turns (published transcripts and captions), 2020 on; not LLM-classified.
How the measures work
- What politicians say
- Every post, press release, newsletter and congressional floor speech is read by a language model and marked for personal attacks, policy criticism, policy discussion, bipartisanship and credit claiming. A statement can be in several. Rates are shares of statements in the window. The methods paper.
- Extreme labels
- A statement has an extreme label when it calls a politician, party or policy “far left”, “far right”, “MAGA”, “extreme”, “radical”, “woke”, “fascist” or “communist”. The target is who the label is aimed at.
- Policy areas and agreement
- Statements and bills share 25 Congressional Research Service policy areas (state bills are assigned by a language model). Agreement is 1 − Jensen–Shannon distance between the two distributions, shown with at least 20 policy statements and 5 bills.
- Ideology (CSIP)
- Common-Space Ideal Points place federal and state officials on one left–right scale, estimated jointly from roll calls, campaign contributions and the text of statements, with standard errors. Only a validated run is shown. The methods paper.
- Campaign money
- Campaigns report by name only donors who give more than $200 in a cycle; smaller gifts are reported as one total. Federal totals and the small-donor share come from the FEC’s financial summaries of each campaign committee. Donor counts, donor states, employers and occupations cover itemized donors only. State filings report no small-gift totals, so state figures are itemized only. The lab never publishes donor names.
- Votes and key votes
- Attendance, party unity and the count of votes against the majority of an official’s own party come from roll calls (Voteview for Congress, chamber records for the states). Key votes are final-passage or override votes that became law, were decided by under 10%, saw at least 10% of a party vote against its majority, or concerned one of the 25 bills most mentioned in officials’ statements.
- Peers and ranks
- Comparisons are with the same party, chamber and level (for example House Democrats); state legislators are compared within their state and chamber for votes. Every comparison names its group. Rank 1 is the highest value in the group; tied values share the average of their ranks, and the percentile is the share of the group below the value, ties counting half.
America’s Political Pulse · Polarization Research Lab