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Democrat · Michigan Senate, district 15

Serving since Jan 1, 2023MI 2025–26 session

Portrait of Jeff Irwin, rendered as a two-tone print
Official portrait
0.33
agreement between talk and bills (0 to 1), in the bottom 5% of State Senate Democrats

Agreement 0.33 on a 0–1 scale; the average for State Senate Democrats is 0.56. Ranks 222nd of 228, where 1st is the closest match.

How closely the mix of policy areas in Irwin’s statements matches the mix in the bills Irwin sponsors and cosponsors: 1 means the same areas in the same proportions, 0 means no overlap. Ranked among State Senate Democrats.

At a glance

6 measures against State Senate Democrats. Irwin reported $13.3K in the 2026 cycle, in the bottom quarter of State Senate Democrats (median $55.5K). 25% of the 59 bills Irwin sponsored got out of committee, in the bottom half of the Michigan Senate.

The measures on which Irwin sits furthest from the middle of State Senate Democrats, each against the same group, with the CSIP score when there is one. Every number is explained in its own section below.

Talk-to-bills agreement

0.33

State Senate Democrats average 0.56 · ranks 222nd of 228

Itemized, 2026

$13.3K

State Senate Democrats’ median $55.5K · ranks 579th of 746

Attendance

99.8%

Michigan Senate average 95.5% · ranks 11th of 37 · 522 roll calls

Out of committee

25%

Michigan Senate average 38% · ranks 27th of 38

Party unity

95.8%

Michigan Senate average 92.6% · ranks 22nd of 37 · 27 votes against the majority of Michigan Senate Democrats

CSIP ideology

−0.69

More liberal than 57% of State Senate Democrats · ± 0.05

Peer group: State Senate Democrats. Rank 1 is the highest value in the group; the thick bar is Irwin, the thin grey bar the peer average. The headline is the measure on which Irwin is most unusual among peers (Methods, §08).

Back to topNext: What politicians say

What Irwin says

Irwin attacks opponents personally more than 96% of State Senate Democrats. Personal attacks in 17% of 148 statements, against 2.4% for the average State Senate Democrat; 11th of 329.

An AI model reads each of Irwin’s 148 statements in the MI 2025–26 session (148 posts on X) and marks the kinds of statement it contains: a personal attack, criticism of a policy, discussion of policy, bipartisanship, credit claiming, and extreme labels. A statement can carry several. Every rate is compared with the average for State Senate Democrats and ranked among them.

Kinds of statement

Share of statements carrying each label, the MI 2025–26 session

0%80%
Irwin
Peers
Rank
Policy discussion75 statements
51%
43%
132nd of 329
Policy criticism58 statements
39%
10%
5th of 329
Personal attacks25 statements
17%
2%
11th of 329
Bipartisanship4 statements
3%
3%
155th of 329
Credit claiming4 statements
3%
16%
293rd of 329
Show the data
Irwin's share of statements in each category against the State Senate Democrats average.
RowIrwinPeers
Policy discussion51%43%
Policy criticism39%10%
Personal attacks17%2%
Bipartisanship3%3%
Credit claiming3%16%
148

statements classified

148 posts on X.

posts on X: 148 (100.0%)posts on X 148
Show the data
Irwin's statements by source
PartValue
posts on X148
How to read the bars

The thick bar is Irwin; the thin grey bar is the average State Senate Democrats. A longer thick bar means Irwin does this more than peers. Rank 1 is the highest rate in the group.

Extreme labels

Irwin used extreme labels in 2.0% of statements, 2.4 times the peer average. 3 statements; peers 0.8%.

    Who gets the labels

    Targets named alongside an extreme label, by number of statements

    No targets recorded.

    What an extreme label is

    Calls a politician, a party or a policy “far left”, “far right”, “MAGA”, “extreme”, “radical”, “woke”, “fascist” or “communist”. The target is who or what the label was aimed at. The lists show the five most used labels and targets; the toggle shows the rest.

    Month by month

    Share of statements per month, the MI 2025–26 session

    Statements2025-01: 1482025-02: 02025-03: 02025-04: 02025-05: 02025-06: 02025-07: 02025-08: 02025-09: 02025-10: 02025-11: 02025-12: 02026-01: 02026-02: 02026-03: 02026-04: 02026-05: 02026-06: 02026-07: 02026-08: 02026-09: 02026-10: 0peak 148 · Jan ’25Personal attackspeak 16.9% · Jan ’25 · latest 16.9%Personal attacks, 2025-01: 16.9% of 148Personal attacks, 2025-02: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Personal attacks, 2025-03: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Personal attacks, 2025-04: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Personal attacks, 2025-05: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Personal attacks, 2025-06: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Personal attacks, 2025-07: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Personal attacks, 2025-08: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Personal attacks, 2025-09: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Personal attacks, 2025-10: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Personal attacks, 2025-11: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Personal attacks, 2025-12: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Personal attacks, 2026-01: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Personal attacks, 2026-02: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Personal attacks, 2026-03: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Personal attacks, 2026-04: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Personal attacks, 2026-05: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Personal attacks, 2026-06: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Personal attacks, 2026-07: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Personal attacks, 2026-08: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Personal attacks, 2026-09: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Personal attacks, 2026-10: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy criticismpeak 39.2% · Jan ’25 · latest 39.2%Policy criticism, 2025-01: 39.2% of 148Policy criticism, 2025-02: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy criticism, 2025-03: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy criticism, 2025-04: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy criticism, 2025-05: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy criticism, 2025-06: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy criticism, 2025-07: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy criticism, 2025-08: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy criticism, 2025-09: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy criticism, 2025-10: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy criticism, 2025-11: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy criticism, 2025-12: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy criticism, 2026-01: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy criticism, 2026-02: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy criticism, 2026-03: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy criticism, 2026-04: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy criticism, 2026-05: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy criticism, 2026-06: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy criticism, 2026-07: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy criticism, 2026-08: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy criticism, 2026-09: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy criticism, 2026-10: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy discussionpeak 50.7% · Jan ’25 · latest 50.7%Policy discussion, 2025-01: 50.7% of 148Policy discussion, 2025-02: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy discussion, 2025-03: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy discussion, 2025-04: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy discussion, 2025-05: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy discussion, 2025-06: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy discussion, 2025-07: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy discussion, 2025-08: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy discussion, 2025-09: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy discussion, 2025-10: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy discussion, 2025-11: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy discussion, 2025-12: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy discussion, 2026-01: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy discussion, 2026-02: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy discussion, 2026-03: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy discussion, 2026-04: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy discussion, 2026-05: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy discussion, 2026-06: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy discussion, 2026-07: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy discussion, 2026-08: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy discussion, 2026-09: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy discussion, 2026-10: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Bipartisanshippeak 2.7% · Jan ’25 · latest 2.7%Bipartisanship, 2025-01: 2.7% of 148Bipartisanship, 2025-02: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Bipartisanship, 2025-03: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Bipartisanship, 2025-04: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Bipartisanship, 2025-05: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Bipartisanship, 2025-06: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Bipartisanship, 2025-07: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Bipartisanship, 2025-08: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Bipartisanship, 2025-09: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Bipartisanship, 2025-10: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Bipartisanship, 2025-11: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Bipartisanship, 2025-12: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Bipartisanship, 2026-01: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Bipartisanship, 2026-02: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Bipartisanship, 2026-03: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Bipartisanship, 2026-04: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Bipartisanship, 2026-05: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Bipartisanship, 2026-06: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Bipartisanship, 2026-07: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Bipartisanship, 2026-08: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Bipartisanship, 2026-09: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Bipartisanship, 2026-10: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Credit claimingpeak 2.7% · Jan ’25 · latest 2.7%Credit claiming, 2025-01: 2.7% of 148Credit claiming, 2025-02: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Credit claiming, 2025-03: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Credit claiming, 2025-04: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Credit claiming, 2025-05: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Credit claiming, 2025-06: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Credit claiming, 2025-07: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Credit claiming, 2025-08: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Credit claiming, 2025-09: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Credit claiming, 2025-10: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Credit claiming, 2025-11: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Credit claiming, 2025-12: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Credit claiming, 2026-01: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Credit claiming, 2026-02: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Credit claiming, 2026-03: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Credit claiming, 2026-04: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Credit claiming, 2026-05: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Credit claiming, 2026-06: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Credit claiming, 2026-07: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Credit claiming, 2026-08: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Credit claiming, 2026-09: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Credit claiming, 2026-10: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Extreme labelspeak 2.0% · Jan ’25 · latest 2.0%Extreme labels, 2025-01: 2.0% of 148Extreme labels, 2025-02: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Extreme labels, 2025-03: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Extreme labels, 2025-04: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Extreme labels, 2025-05: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Extreme labels, 2025-06: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Extreme labels, 2025-07: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Extreme labels, 2025-08: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Extreme labels, 2025-09: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Extreme labels, 2025-10: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Extreme labels, 2025-11: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Extreme labels, 2025-12: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Extreme labels, 2026-01: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Extreme labels, 2026-02: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Extreme labels, 2026-03: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Extreme labels, 2026-04: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Extreme labels, 2026-05: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Extreme labels, 2026-06: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Extreme labels, 2026-07: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Extreme labels, 2026-08: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Extreme labels, 2026-09: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Extreme labels, 2026-10: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Jan ’25Jul ’25Jan ’26Jul ’26Oct ’26
    Show the data
    Monthly rates for Irwin, each row shaded against its own peak, with statement volume. Months with fewer than 10 statements are left blank.
    ColumnStatementsPersonal attacksPolicy criticismPolicy discussionBipartisanshipCredit claimingExtreme labels
    Jan ’2514816.9%39.2%50.7%2.7%2.7%2.0%
    Feb ’250— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)
    Mar ’250— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)
    Apr ’250— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)
    May ’250— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)
    Jun ’250— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)
    Jul ’250— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)
    Aug ’250— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)
    Sep ’250— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)
    Oct ’250— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)
    Nov ’250— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)
    Dec ’250— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)
    Jan ’260— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)
    Feb ’260— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)
    Mar ’260— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)
    Apr ’260— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)
    May ’260— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)
    Jun ’260— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)
    Jul ’260— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)
    Aug ’260— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)
    Sep ’260— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)
    Oct ’260— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)
    How to read the strips

    Each row is one kind of statement; each cell is a month, shaded against that row’s own peak (darker = closer to the peak), with the peak and the latest value written at the right. The top row counts statements. The strip covers every month of the MI 2025–26 session, the same span as the rates above, including months with no statements. A month with fewer than 10 statements is hatched, not shaded: one or two posts would swing its rate to 0% or 100%. 21 months are hatched here; none has any statements.

    In Irwin’s words

    Real statements from the classifier’s example set, with the labels it assigned

    Credit claiming

    The text of this post is on X; follow the source link to read it.

    Jan 18, 2025 · Posts on X (state legislators) · policy criticism; policy discussion; credit claiming; Armed Forces and National Security; Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues · Source

    Personal attacks

    The text of this post is on X; follow the source link to read it.

    Jan 19, 2025 · Posts on X (state legislators) · personal attacks; target: Republicans · Source

    Extreme label

    The text of this post is on X; follow the source link to read it.

    Jan 8, 2025 · Posts on X (state legislators) · personal attacks; extreme label “extreme”; target: Elon Musk · Source

    Examples by category

    Up to five recent statements in each category

    Category

    Overtly questions a named person’s character, integrity or loyalty, or calls them names. Criticising a record or a policy does not count.

    1. Posts on X (state legislators)

      The text of this post is on X; follow the source link to read it.

      personal attacks · target: RepublicansSource

    2. Posts on X (state legislators)

      The text of this post is on X; follow the source link to read it.

      personal attacks · target: TikTokPolicySource

    3. Posts on X (state legislators)

      The text of this post is on X; follow the source link to read it.

      personal attacks · target: TikTokPolicySource

    4. Posts on X (state legislators)

      The text of this post is on X; follow the source link to read it.

      personal attacks · target: Elon ZuckerbergSource

    5. Posts on X (state legislators)

      The text of this post is on X; follow the source link to read it.

      personal attacks · policy discussion · Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues · target: SCOTUSSource

    All 148 statements

    Newest first, the MI 2025–26 session

    The full feed

    Five statements at a time, newest first; filters apply to the statements loaded so far. Export saves the statements that match. Sources: 148 posts on X.

    Back to topNext: Policy

    Policy

    Government Operations and Politics is what Irwin talks about most: 35% of policy statements, 2.4 times the peer share. Talk and legislation agree at 0.33 on a 0–1 scale (State Senate Democrats average 0.56; 222nd of 228).

    Each policy statement is tagged by the AI model with one or more of 25 policy areas from the Congressional Research Service list, so the shares say what Irwin talks about. The bills Irwin sponsors and cosponsors carry the same areas, so the two can be compared.

    What Irwin talks about

    Share of policy statements by area, the MI 2025–26 session

    0%39%
    Irwin
    Peers
    Government Operations and Politics26 statements
    35%
    14%
    Health13 statements
    18%
    17%
    Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues12 statements
    16%
    8%
    Economics and Public Finance6 statements
    8%
    10%
    Armed Forces and National Security4 statements
    5%
    3%
    Show the data
    Policy areas Irwin talks about, as a share of policy statements, against the State Senate Democrats average.
    RowIrwinPeers
    Government Operations and Politics35%14%
    Health18%17%
    Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues16%8%
    Economics and Public Finance8%10%
    Armed Forces and National Security5%3%
    How to read the bars

    The thick bar is the share of Irwin’s policy statements in an area; the thin grey bar is the average share for State Senate Democrats. A statement counts once in each of its areas, so shares can add to more than 100%. The five largest areas are shown; the toggle shows the rest.

    Talks about · legislates on

    Left: share of statements by policy area. Right: share of bills. Areas in order of their share of statements; both sides run from 0 to 39%. Grey ticks are the State Senate Democrats averages.

    Talks aboutLegislates onGovernment Operations andPoliticsGovernment Operations and Politics, talks about: 35% (State Senate Democrats 14%)35%Government Operations and Politics, legislates on: 8% (State Senate Democrats 8%)8%HealthHealth, talks about: 18% (State Senate Democrats 17%)18%Health, legislates on: 10% (State Senate Democrats 15%)10%Civil Rights and Liberties,Minority IssuesCivil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues, talks about: 16% (State Senate Democrats 8%)16%Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues, legislates on: 2% (State Senate Democrats 5%)2%Economics and Public FinanceEconomics and Public Finance, talks about: 8% (State Senate Democrats 10%)8%Economics and Public Finance, legislates on: 0% (State Senate Democrats 3%)0%Armed Forces and NationalSecurityArmed Forces and National Security, talks about: 5% (State Senate Democrats 3%)5%Armed Forces and National Security, legislates on: 0% (State Senate Democrats 1%)0%
    Show the data
    Irwin's share of statements against share of bills in each policy area.
    AreaTalks aboutState Senate Democrats, talks aboutLegislates onState Senate Democrats, legislates on
    Government Operations and Politics35%14%8%8%
    Health18%17%10%15%
    Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues16%8%2%5%
    Economics and Public Finance8%10%0%3%
    Armed Forces and National Security5%3%0%1%
    0.33

    talk-to-bills agreement, 0 to 1

    State Senate Democrats average 0.56. Ranks 222nd of 228.

    What agreement means, and what it doesn’t

    Agreement is 1 minus the distance between the two distributions (Jensen–Shannon): 1 means Irwin legislates on exactly the areas Irwin talks about, in the same proportions; 0 means no overlap. It does not say whether the bills match the positions in the statements, only the subjects. Bills Irwin sponsored count fully, cosponsored bills a quarter. Shown with at least 20 policy statements and 5 bills.

    Back to topNext: Ideology

    Ideology

    Irwin sits at −0.69 on the CSIP scale, left of 0, more liberal than 57% of State Senate Democrats. Approximate range −0.73 to −0.64, which understates the uncertainty; from 293 donors and 1,197 roll calls.

    CSIP, the lab’s Common-Space Ideal Point, places every official, federal and state, on one left–right scale, estimated from roll-call votes, who gives money to whom, and the text of statements. Negative is left of 0, positive right of it; 0 is the centre of the scale, not a definition of “moderate”.

    −0.69

    CSIP ideal point

    Approximate range −0.73 to −0.64. From 293 donors and 1,197 roll calls. Run 2026-10-25T215945. Blue is left of 0, red right of 0.

    ← More liberalMore conservative →0Irwin −0.7State Senate Democrats −0.7Michigan Senate −0.4All State Senate +0.1

    The outlined dot is Irwin, coloured by its side of 0 (blue left, red right, deeper further out); the bar through it is the approximate range (±1.96 standard errors), which understates the uncertainty; the grey ticks below are the medians of Irwin’s groups. 0 is the centre of the scale, not “moderate” by definition.

    What this means, and what it doesn’t

    The score summarises how an official votes, who funds them and how they talk, relative to everyone else. It does not grade positions as good or bad, and two officials with the same score can differ on any single issue. The ± range is 1.96 standard errors, which understates the uncertainty: scores whose ranges overlap may not differ at all, and even scores whose ranges do not overlap may not differ.

    Where Irwin sits

    Every official in each group, on the CSIP scale

    −2.0−1.00.0+1.0+2.0← More liberalMore conservative →State Senate Democratsmedian −0.7Irwin −0.7Michigan Senatemedian −0.4All State Senatemedian +0.1
    Show the data
    Irwin's CSIP score of −0.69 placed against State Senate Democrats, Michigan Senate, All State Senate.
    GroupOfficialsMedianShare left of Irwin
    State Senate Democrats825−0.743%
    Michigan Senate38−0.411%
    All State Senate1909+0.119%
    How to read the strips

    Every small dot is one official on the same scale, coloured by its own score (blue left of 0, red right of 0, grey at 0, deeper further out) and spread up and down only to keep dots apart; where a group is crowded the dots overlap, and darker patches mean more officials. The large outlined dot is Irwin in every row; the rule is each group’s median. The table under the figure gives the share of each group to the left of Irwin.

    Back to topNext: Money

    Money

    Irwin reported $13.3K in the 2026 cycle, 24% of the State Senate Democrats’ median of $55.5K. State filings report no small-donation total.

    Campaign money from state campaign-finance filings, as aggregates only; the lab never shows an individual donor. Campaigns must report by name every person who gives them more than $200 in a cycle (“itemized”); smaller gifts are reported only as one total (“unitemized”), so donor counts, donor states, employers and occupations describe itemized donors only. State filings report no small-gift total, so these figures add up itemized contributions only.

    Election cycle
    $13.3K

    itemized in the 2026 cycle

    From 0 itemized donors. State Senate Democrats’ median $55.5K.

    Where the money came from

    Each square is one percent of itemized contributions in the 2026 cycle.

    PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)PACs and other committees: $13.3K (100.0%)
    • PACs and other committees100 squares$13.3K
    Show the data
    Sources of Irwin's money, 2026 cycle, one square per percent
    SourceAmountShare
    PACs and other committees$13.3K100.0%
    What this means, and what it doesn’t

    Totals say how much a campaign took in, not how it was spent, and they rise sharply when a seat is up for election; compare cycles with that in mind.

    Receipts by cycle

    Itemized contributions, 2020 to 2026. The grey line is the State Senate Democrats’ median for 2026.

    2020 cycle: $17.7K$17.7K20202022 cycle: $117.3K$117.3K20222024 cycle: $31.2K$31.2K20242026 cycle: $13.3K$13.3K2026State Senate Democrats median $55.5K
    Show the data
    Irwin's receipts by cycle against the 2026 State Senate Democrats median.
    ItemValue
    2020 cycle$17.7K
    2022 cycle$117.3K
    2024 cycle$31.2K
    2026 cycle$13.3K

    Top donor states, 2026

    Itemized contributions by donor state.

    No itemized donors with an address.

    Small donations

    State filings report no total for small gifts.

    Not reported in state filings.

    Where itemized donors live

    Individuals who gave more than $200, by donor state

    Alaska: no dataAKMaine: no dataMEVermont: no dataVTNew Hampshire: no dataNHWashington: no dataWAIdaho: no dataIDMontana: no dataMTNorth Dakota: no dataNDMinnesota: no dataMNIllinois: no dataILWisconsin: no dataWIMichigan: no dataMINew York: no dataNYRhode Island: no dataRIMassachusetts: no dataMAOregon: no dataORNevada: no dataNVWyoming: no dataWYSouth Dakota: no dataSDIowa: no dataIAIndiana: no dataINOhio: no dataOHPennsylvania: no dataPANew Jersey: no dataNJConnecticut: no dataCTCalifornia: no dataCAUtah: no dataUTColorado: no dataCONebraska: no dataNEMissouri: no dataMOKentucky: no dataKYWest Virginia: no dataWVVirginia: no dataVAMaryland: no dataMDDelaware: no dataDEArizona: no dataAZNew Mexico: no dataNMKansas: no dataKSArkansas: no dataARTennessee: no dataTNNorth Carolina: no dataNCSouth Carolina: no dataSCDistrict of Columbia: no dataDCOklahoma: no dataOKLouisiana: no dataLAMississippi: no dataMSAlabama: no dataALGeorgia: no dataGAHawaii: no dataHITexas: no dataTXFlorida: no dataFL
    Show the data
    Irwin's itemized individual contributions by donor state, 2026 cycle
    StateValue
    AlaskaNo data
    MaineNo data
    VermontNo data
    New HampshireNo data
    WashingtonNo data
    IdahoNo data
    MontanaNo data
    North DakotaNo data
    MinnesotaNo data
    IllinoisNo data
    WisconsinNo data
    MichiganNo data
    New YorkNo data
    Rhode IslandNo data
    MassachusettsNo data
    OregonNo data
    NevadaNo data
    WyomingNo data
    South DakotaNo data
    IowaNo data
    IndianaNo data
    OhioNo data
    PennsylvaniaNo data
    New JerseyNo data
    ConnecticutNo data
    CaliforniaNo data
    UtahNo data
    ColoradoNo data
    NebraskaNo data
    MissouriNo data
    KentuckyNo data
    West VirginiaNo data
    VirginiaNo data
    MarylandNo data
    DelawareNo data
    ArizonaNo data
    New MexicoNo data
    KansasNo data
    ArkansasNo data
    TennesseeNo data
    North CarolinaNo data
    South CarolinaNo data
    District of ColumbiaNo data
    OklahomaNo data
    LouisianaNo data
    MississippiNo data
    AlabamaNo data
    GeorgiaNo data
    HawaiiNo data
    TexasNo data
    FloridaNo data
    0

    itemized donors

    People who gave more than $200

    No itemized individual money.

    How to read the map

    Every state the same size. Darker states gave more itemized money; hatched states had no itemized donors; the outlined state is Michigan. Gifts of $200 or less carry no address and are left out.

    Top donor occupations

    Itemized, 2026 cycle.

    No occupations reported.

    Top committees

    PAC and committee contributions, 2026 cycle.

    1. MICHIGAN BEER AND WINE WHOLESALERS STATE PAC$3,000
    2. DELTA POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE$2,500
    3. DYKEMA GOSSETT STATE PAC$750
    4. MICHIGAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION MIBANKPAC STATE$750
    5. MICHIGAN CREDIT UNION LEAGUE ACTION FUND$750

    Top employers

    Itemized, 2026 cycle.

    No employers reported.

    Aggregates only. Individual donors are never named.

    Back to topNext: Votes

    Votes

    Irwin voted with the majority of Michigan Senate Democrats on 95.8% of party-line votes and missed 0.2% of 522 roll calls. Michigan Senate on average: 92.6% party unity, 95.5% attendance. Across all roll calls, Irwin voted against the majority of Michigan Senate Democrats 27 times.

    522 roll calls Irwin could vote on in the MI 2025–26 session, compared with Michigan Senate. Attendance is the share with a vote recorded. Party unity counts only party-line roll calls, where most Democrats and most Republicans voted on opposite sides, and is the share of those where Irwin voted with the majority of Michigan Senate Democrats. The count of votes against that majority covers every roll call where the majority took a side.

    27

    votes against the majority of Michigan Senate Democrats

    Party unity 95.8%, Michigan Senate average 92.6%, ranks 22nd of 37. 522 roll calls in the MI 2025–26 session.

    Attendance and party unity

    The thick bar is Irwin, the thin grey bar the Michigan Senate average. The scale runs from 80% to 100% to show the gap.

    80%100%
    Irwin
    Peers
    Rank
    Attendance
    99.8%
    95.5%
    11th of 37
    Party unity
    95.8%
    92.6%
    22nd of 37
    Show the data
    Irwin's attendance and party unity against Michigan Senate.
    RowIrwinPeers
    Attendance99.8%95.5%
    Party unity95.8%92.6%
    What this means, and what it doesn’t

    A missed roll call has many causes, from illness to campaigning, so attendance says how often, not why. A vote against the majority can be on procedure as well as substance, and many fall on roll calls where both parties split; the key votes below show the ones that decided something.

    Key votes

    25 roll calls the lab flagged as key in the MI 2025–26 session

    Key votes
    Party split (yea–nay)Why it’s key
    Oct 14, 2026
    HB 5356
    Vehicles: title; requirements for transfer of title by a dealer; provide for. Amends 14, 41a, 78, 217, 217c, 233, 233a, 233b, 234, 238, 239, 240, 248, 248a, 248j, 249, 250, 258, 801b, 806 & 810a of 1949 PA 300 (MCL 257.14 et seq.) & adds sec. 9b.
    PASSED; GIVEN IMMEDIATE EFFECT ROLL CALL # 263 YEAS 31 NAYS 3 EXCUSED 4 NOT VOTING 0
    NayAgainst majoritypassD 18–1 · R 13–2Democrats 18 yea, 1 nay; Republicans 13 yea, 2 nayparty crossover
    Oct 1, 2026
    SB 947
    Natural resources: inland lakes; dam safety regulations; provide for. Amends and adds (See bill). TIE BAR WITH: HB 5485'26
    ROLL CALL: ROLL CALL # 260 YEAS 34 NAYS 2 EXCUSED 2 NOT VOTING 0
    YeaWith majoritypassD 20–0 · R 14–2Democrats 20 yea, 0 nay; Republicans 14 yea, 2 nayparty crossover
    Oct 1, 2026
    HB 5485
    Natural resources: inland lakes; dam safety regulations; provide for. Amends secs. 31502, 31503, 31504, 31505, 31506, 31507, 31508, 31509, 31510, 31511, 31513, 31515, 31516, 31517, 31518, 31520, 31521 & 31523 of 1994 PA 451 (MCL 324.31502 et seq.) & adds secs. 31506a, 31509a, 31509b, 31517a, 31518a,
    PASSED; GIVEN IMMEDIATE EFFECT ROLL CALL # 247 YEAS 34 NAYS 2 EXCUSED 2 NOT VOTING 0
    YeaWith majoritypassD 20–0 · R 14–2Democrats 20 yea, 0 nay; Republicans 14 yea, 2 nayparty crossover
    Oct 1, 2026
    HB 4598
    Crimes: organized; gift card fraud; provide for. Amends sec. 4 of 2012 PA 455 (MCL 752.1084).
    PASSED; GIVEN IMMEDIATE EFFECT ROLL CALL # 253 YEAS 36 NAYS 0 EXCUSED 2 NOT VOTING 0
    YeaWith majoritypassD 20–0 · R 16–0Democrats 20 yea, 0 nay; Republicans 16 yea, 0 naybecame law
    Oct 1, 2026
    SB 791
    Highways: memorial; portion of I-475; designate as the "St. John Street Community Memorial Highway". Amends 2001 PA 142 (MCL 250.1001 - 250.2092) by adding sec. 124.
    PASSED ROLL CALL # 258 YEAS 33 NAYS 3 EXCUSED 2 NOT VOTING 0
    YeaWith majoritypassD 20–0 · R 13–3Democrats 20 yea, 0 nay; Republicans 13 yea, 3 nayparty crossover
    How key votes are chosen

    Automatically: a final-passage or override vote where the measure became law, the margin was under 10%, at least 10% of either party voted against its majority, or the bill was among the 25 most mentioned in officials’ own statements. Up to 25 per window, most recent first; five are shown. Bars show yea on the left, nay on the right, per party.

    Votes most often with

    The colleagues who voted the same way as Irwin most often

    1. Sue ShinkD520 shared votes96%
    2. Stephanie ChangD519 shared votes96%
    3. Rosemary BayerD514 shared votes96%
    4. Sarah AnthonyD521 shared votes95%
    5. Chedrick GreeneD139 shared votes95%

    Votes least often with

    The colleagues who voted the same way as Irwin least often

    1. Thomas AlbertR521 shared votes50%
    2. Jonathan LindseyR496 shared votes51%
    3. Joe BellinoR513 shared votes52%
    4. Jim RunestadR405 shared votes52%
    5. Michele HoitengaR505 shared votes52%
    How to read the agreement lists

    The share of roll calls both members voted on where they voted the same way, among colleagues sharing at least 50 such votes. High agreement with members of the other party is common on routine votes.

    Full voting record

    MI 2025–26 session, loads in batches

    Back to topNext: Legislation

    Legislation

    Irwin sponsored 59 bills in the MI 2025–26 session; 4 became law. Cosponsored 172 others. 25% of sponsored bills got out of committee (Michigan Senate average 38%; 27th of 38).

    The bills Irwin sponsored and cosponsored in the MI 2025–26 session, from the official bill records, and how far each got: introduced, referred to or acted on in committee, passed one chamber, passed both, became law. A bill counts at every stage it has reached, so the blocks only shrink to the right.

    Bills by stage

    Counts for the MI 2025–26 session

    Sponsored59 billsSponsored, Introduced: 5959Sponsored, In committee: 5959Sponsored, Passed one chamber: 1515Sponsored, Passed both chambers: 44Sponsored, Became law: 44Cosponsored172 billsCosponsored, Introduced: 172172Cosponsored, In committee: 172172Cosponsored, Passed one chamber: 7070Cosponsored, Passed both chambers: 1111Cosponsored, Became law: 44IntroducedIncommitteePassed onechamberPassed bothchambersBecamelaw
    Show the data
    Bills Irwin sponsored and cosponsored, by furthest stage reached
    RoleIntroducedIn committeePassed one chamberPassed both chambersBecame law
    Sponsored59591544
    Cosponsored17217270114
    How to read the blocks

    Ink blocks are bills Irwin sponsored, ochre blocks bills Irwin cosponsored; the figure above each block is the count. Most bills in any legislature never leave committee, so a short staircase is the norm.

    25%

    of sponsored bills got out of committee

    Michigan Senate average 38%. Ranks 27th of 38.

    Cosponsorship partners

    Colleagues who most often cosponsor with Irwin, by number of shared bills in the MI 2025–26 session; the square shows their party.

    1. Sue Shink163
    2. Rosemary Bayer161
    3. Stephanie Chang160
    4. Mallory McMorrow130
    5. Mary Cavanagh121
    What this means, and what it doesn’t

    The score is the share of sponsored bills that a committee reported out or a chamber passed, with at least 5 sponsored bills, ranked within the peer group. Members of the majority party and committee chairs move more bills, so the rank reflects position in the chamber as well as effort. Cosponsorship partners are the five colleagues who share the most of Irwin’s bills; the toggle shows more.

    Bill list

    Sponsored and cosponsored, with status and policy area; five are shown, the toggle shows the rest

    Bills sponsored and cosponsored
    SB 1209Military affairs: other; release of the Michigan National Guard into active duty combat without an official act of Congress; prohibit. Amends 1967 PA 150 (MCL 32.501 - 32.851) by adding sec. 203.CosponsorOct 14, 2026In committeeArmed Forces and National Security(model)REFERRED TO COMMITTEE ON VETERANS AND EMERGENCY SERVICES Oct 14, 2026
    SCR 16A concurrent resolution of tribute offered as a memorial for John Pappageorge, former member of the Michigan Senate and Michigan House of Representatives.CosponsorOct 14, 2026Passed one chamberUnassignedENTIRE MEMBERSHIP OF THE SENATE AND LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR NAMED CO-SPONSORS Oct 14, 2026
    SB 1207Labor: other; fair and open competition in governmental construction act; repeal. Repeals 2011 PA 98 (MCL 408.871 - 408.883).CosponsorOct 14, 2026In committeeLabor and Employment(model)REFERRED TO COMMITTEE ON LABOR Oct 14, 2026
    SB 1206Labor: other; local government labor regulatory limitation act; repeal. Repeals 2015 PA 105 (MCL 123.1381 - 123.1396).CosponsorOct 14, 2026In committeeLabor and Employment(model)SENATE CO-SPONSOR(S) NAMED: MALLORY MCMORROW Oct 27, 2026
    SR 146A resolution of tribute offered as a memorial for John Joseph Henry Schwarz, M.D., former member of the Michigan Senate.CosponsorOct 14, 2026Passed one chamberUnassignedENTIRE MEMBERSHIP OF THE SENATE AND LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR NAMED CO-SPONSORS Oct 14, 2026

    Back to topNext: Online

    Online

    A site that changed 2 times in 90 days. Irwin’s official site had 1 page when last crawled on Oct 1, 2026.

    The lab crawls Irwin’s official and campaign websites (weekly for Congress, monthly for the states) and keeps every page’s text, so changes can be read later; it also records social accounts and describes the images Irwin posts with a vision model.

    Websites

    How to read the counts

    “Pages crawled” is the size of the site at the last crawl; “changes in 90 days” counts pages whose text differed from the previous crawl. Sites change for many routine reasons, such as new press releases, so a high count is not by itself notable.

    Images Irwin posted

    No images from Irwin’s posts have been described.

    About the descriptions

    Written by a vision model and may be wrong. Open the post to see the original. Five are shown; the toggle shows the rest.

    State floor speeches

    No transcribed state floor speeches are matched to this legislator yet.

    Floor speeches

    Transcribed from chamber video or captions by the lab. They are not classified for kinds of statement.

    Back to topNext: Methods and sources

    Methods and sources

    How this page was made. Profile built Oct 28, 2026; site last built Oct 28, 2026. Every number on the page is computed from the sources listed here, by the same rules for every official; nothing is written by hand.

    The headline

    The headline is the measure on which Irwin is most unusual among State Senate Democrats, chosen by one rule for every official of every party. The candidates are the rate of each kind of statement and of extreme labels, party unity, attendance, the small-donor share, the in-state share and total receipts of the latest cycle, the share of sponsored bills that got out of committee, talk-to-bills agreement, and the CSIP score’s place within the party group.

    The builder ranks every measure within the same peer group the page compares it with, and writes each official’s percentile: the share of the group below the value, ties counting half, so 0.5 is the median and a value shared by many never ranks first. A measure’s score is how far that percentile sits from the median (0 in the middle, 0.5 at either end), and the highest score leads if it is above 0.25, outside the middle half of the group. Scores within 0.03 of each other are a tie, broken in this order: votes against the party majority, kinds of statement, ideology, roll calls missed, small donations, in-state money, legislation, agreement, extreme labels, receipts.

    A measure counts only with at least 200 statements, 100 roll calls or 5 sponsored bills behind it and a peer group of at least 10. Two things never lead: high party unity or attendance, where most members sit, and a high rate of a kind of statement backed by fewer than 10 statements. When nothing qualifies, the headline is a neutral fact instead: statements classified, or years in office. The wording always names the direction (“in the bottom 5% of …”, “votes against the majority of …”).

    Identifiers

    Profile id
    a1c1163d-af8d-4b88-9365-07717d4a45c3
    Open States
    ocd-person/a1c1163d-af8d-4b88-9365-07717d4a45c3

    Bulk files with the same data for every official:

    Freshness of this profile’s data

    • What politicians sayOct 27, 20261 days agoMembers of Congress: tweets since 2017; press releases, newsletters and floor speeches since 2022. State legislators: tweets since May 2024. Governors: tweets since January 2025. Labels from an LLM classifier.
    • Roll calls (state)Oct 21, 20267 days agoOpen States floor roll calls, 2019 on (none for AK and MO).
    • Bills (state)Oct 28, 2026todayOpen States bills and sponsors, 2019 on; stages from roll calls.
    • Campaign money (state)no dateState campaign-finance agencies, 2019 on; aggregates only.
    • Ideology (CSIP)Oct 25, 20263 days agoCommon-Space Ideal Points (CSIP), current validated run.
    • WebsitesOct 25, 20263 days agoWeekly crawls of federal sites since April 2026; monthly state crawls since June 2026.
    • State floor speechesOct 21, 20267 days agoState floor speech turns (published transcripts and captions), 2020 on; not LLM-classified.

    How the measures work

    What politicians say
    Every post, press release, newsletter and congressional floor speech is read by a language model and marked for personal attacks, policy criticism, policy discussion, bipartisanship and credit claiming. A statement can be in several. Rates are shares of statements in the window. The methods paper.
    Extreme labels
    A statement has an extreme label when it calls a politician, party or policy “far left”, “far right”, “MAGA”, “extreme”, “radical”, “woke”, “fascist” or “communist”. The target is who the label is aimed at.
    Policy areas and agreement
    Statements and bills share 25 Congressional Research Service policy areas (state bills are assigned by a language model). Agreement is 1 − Jensen–Shannon distance between the two distributions, shown with at least 20 policy statements and 5 bills.
    Ideology (CSIP)
    Common-Space Ideal Points place federal and state officials on one left–right scale, estimated jointly from roll calls, campaign contributions and the text of statements, with standard errors. Only a validated run is shown. The methods paper.
    Campaign money
    Campaigns report by name only donors who give more than $200 in a cycle; smaller gifts are reported as one total. Federal totals and the small-donor share come from the FEC’s financial summaries of each campaign committee. Donor counts, donor states, employers and occupations cover itemized donors only. State filings report no small-gift totals, so state figures are itemized only. The lab never publishes donor names.
    Votes and key votes
    Attendance, party unity and the count of votes against the majority of an official’s own party come from roll calls (Voteview for Congress, chamber records for the states). Key votes are final-passage or override votes that became law, were decided by under 10%, saw at least 10% of a party vote against its majority, or concerned one of the 25 bills most mentioned in officials’ statements.
    Peers and ranks
    Comparisons are with the same party, chamber and level (for example House Democrats); state legislators are compared within their state and chamber for votes. Every comparison names its group. Rank 1 is the highest value in the group; tied values share the average of their ranks, and the percentile is the share of the group below the value, ties counting half.

    America’s Political Pulse · Polarization Research Lab

    Back to top