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Democrat · Virginia House, district 41

Serving since Jan 14, 2026VA 2025–26 session

Portrait of Lily Franklin, rendered as a two-tone print
Official portrait
$2.1M
in itemized contributions in the 2026 cycle, in the top 5% of State House Democrats

The median for State House Democrats is $40.4K. Ranks 20th of 2,082, where 1st raised the most. 1,145 itemized donors.

Itemized contributions reported to the state in the 2026 cycle, ranked among State House Democrats. State filings leave small gifts out, and totals depend on whether the seat is up this cycle.

At a glance

6 measures against State House Democrats. Franklin sits at −0.96 on the CSIP scale, more liberal than 88% of State House Democrats. 75% of the 8 bills Franklin sponsored got out of committee, in the bottom quarter of the Virginia House.

The measures on which Franklin sits furthest from the middle of State House Democrats, each against the same group, with the CSIP score when there is one. Every number is explained in its own section below.

Itemized, 2026

$2.1M

State House Democrats’ median $40.4K · ranks 20th of 2,082

CSIP ideology

−0.96

More liberal than 88% of State House Democrats · ± 0.05

Out of committee

75%

Virginia House average 84% · ranks 84th of 98

From Virginia, 2026

75%

Of itemized individual dollars · ranks 1615th of 1,983 State House Democrats

Attendance

99.6%

Virginia House average 98.2% · ranks 27th of 98 · 2,056 roll calls

Party unity

99.0%

Virginia House average 96.5% · ranks 47th of 98 · 9 votes against the majority of Virginia House Democrats

Peer group: State House Democrats. Rank 1 is the highest value in the group; the thick bar is Franklin, the thin grey bar the peer average. The headline is the measure on which Franklin is most unusual among peers (Methods, §08).

Back to topNext: What politicians say

What Franklin says

No statements for the VA 2025–26 session.No classified statements (posts, press releases, newsletters, floor speeches) in this time window.

Back to topNext: Policy

Policy

No policy statements for the VA 2025–26 session.No classified statements (posts, press releases, newsletters, floor speeches) in this time window.

Back to topNext: Ideology

Ideology

Franklin sits at −0.96 on the CSIP scale, left of 0, more liberal than 88% of State House Democrats. Approximate range −1.01 to −0.91, which understates the uncertainty; from 1,370 donors and 173 roll calls.

CSIP, the lab’s Common-Space Ideal Point, places every official, federal and state, on one left–right scale, estimated from roll-call votes, who gives money to whom, and the text of statements. Negative is left of 0, positive right of it; 0 is the centre of the scale, not a definition of “moderate”.

−0.96

CSIP ideal point

Approximate range −1.01 to −0.91. From 1,370 donors and 173 roll calls. Run 2026-10-25T215945. Blue is left of 0, red right of 0.

← More liberalMore conservative →0Franklin −1.0State House Democrats −0.6Virginia House −0.7All State House +0.1

The outlined dot is Franklin, coloured by its side of 0 (blue left, red right, deeper further out); the bar through it is the approximate range (±1.96 standard errors), which understates the uncertainty; the grey ticks below are the medians of Franklin’s groups. 0 is the centre of the scale, not “moderate” by definition.

What this means, and what it doesn’t

The score summarises how an official votes, who funds them and how they talk, relative to everyone else. It does not grade positions as good or bad, and two officials with the same score can differ on any single issue. The ± range is 1.96 standard errors, which understates the uncertainty: scores whose ranges overlap may not differ at all, and even scores whose ranges do not overlap may not differ.

Where Franklin sits

Every official in each group, on the CSIP scale

−2.0−1.00.0+1.0+2.0← More liberalMore conservative →State House Democratsmedian −0.6Franklin −1.0Virginia Housemedian −0.7All State Housemedian +0.1
Show the data
Franklin's CSIP score of −0.96 placed against State House Democrats, Virginia House, All State House.
GroupOfficialsMedianShare left of Franklin
State House Democrats2392−0.612%
Virginia House99−0.715%
All State House5324+0.15%
How to read the strips

Every small dot is one official on the same scale, coloured by its own score (blue left of 0, red right of 0, grey at 0, deeper further out) and spread up and down only to keep dots apart; where a group is crowded the dots overlap, and darker patches mean more officials. The large outlined dot is Franklin in every row; the rule is each group’s median. The table under the figure gives the share of each group to the left of Franklin.

Back to topNext: Money

Money

Franklin reported $2.1M in the 2026 cycle, 53.0 times the State House Democrats’ median of $40.4K. State filings report no small-donation total. 75% of itemized individual money came from Virginia.

Campaign money from state campaign-finance filings, as aggregates only; the lab never shows an individual donor. Campaigns must report by name every person who gives them more than $200 in a cycle (“itemized”); smaller gifts are reported only as one total (“unitemized”), so donor counts, donor states, employers and occupations describe itemized donors only. State filings report no small-gift total, so these figures add up itemized contributions only.

Election cycle
$2.1M

itemized in the 2026 cycle

From 1,145 itemized donors. State House Democrats’ median $40.4K.

Where the money came from

Each square is one percent of itemized contributions in the 2026 cycle.

Individuals (itemized): $596.1K (27.8%)Individuals (itemized): $596.1K (27.8%)Individuals (itemized): $596.1K (27.8%)Individuals (itemized): $596.1K (27.8%)Individuals (itemized): $596.1K (27.8%)Individuals (itemized): $596.1K (27.8%)Individuals (itemized): $596.1K (27.8%)Individuals (itemized): $596.1K (27.8%)Individuals (itemized): $596.1K (27.8%)Individuals (itemized): $596.1K (27.8%)Individuals (itemized): $596.1K (27.8%)Individuals (itemized): $596.1K (27.8%)Individuals (itemized): $596.1K (27.8%)Individuals (itemized): $596.1K (27.8%)Individuals (itemized): $596.1K (27.8%)Individuals (itemized): $596.1K (27.8%)Individuals (itemized): $596.1K (27.8%)Individuals (itemized): $596.1K (27.8%)Individuals (itemized): $596.1K (27.8%)Individuals (itemized): $596.1K (27.8%)Individuals (itemized): $596.1K (27.8%)Individuals (itemized): $596.1K (27.8%)Individuals (itemized): $596.1K (27.8%)Individuals (itemized): $596.1K (27.8%)Individuals (itemized): $596.1K (27.8%)Individuals (itemized): $596.1K (27.8%)Individuals (itemized): $596.1K (27.8%)Individuals (itemized): $596.1K (27.8%)PACs and other committees: $370.8K (17.3%)PACs and other committees: $370.8K (17.3%)PACs and other committees: $370.8K (17.3%)PACs and other committees: $370.8K (17.3%)PACs and other committees: $370.8K (17.3%)PACs and other committees: $370.8K (17.3%)PACs and other committees: $370.8K (17.3%)PACs and other committees: $370.8K (17.3%)PACs and other committees: $370.8K (17.3%)PACs and other committees: $370.8K (17.3%)PACs and other committees: $370.8K (17.3%)PACs and other committees: $370.8K (17.3%)PACs and other committees: $370.8K (17.3%)PACs and other committees: $370.8K (17.3%)PACs and other committees: $370.8K (17.3%)PACs and other committees: $370.8K (17.3%)PACs and other committees: $370.8K (17.3%)Party committees: $1.2M (54.9%)Party committees: $1.2M (54.9%)Party committees: $1.2M (54.9%)Party committees: $1.2M (54.9%)Party committees: $1.2M (54.9%)Party committees: $1.2M (54.9%)Party committees: $1.2M (54.9%)Party committees: $1.2M (54.9%)Party committees: $1.2M (54.9%)Party committees: $1.2M (54.9%)Party committees: $1.2M (54.9%)Party committees: $1.2M (54.9%)Party committees: $1.2M (54.9%)Party committees: $1.2M (54.9%)Party committees: $1.2M (54.9%)Party committees: $1.2M (54.9%)Party committees: $1.2M (54.9%)Party committees: $1.2M (54.9%)Party committees: $1.2M (54.9%)Party committees: $1.2M (54.9%)Party committees: $1.2M (54.9%)Party committees: $1.2M (54.9%)Party committees: $1.2M (54.9%)Party committees: $1.2M (54.9%)Party committees: $1.2M (54.9%)Party committees: $1.2M (54.9%)Party committees: $1.2M (54.9%)Party committees: $1.2M (54.9%)Party committees: $1.2M (54.9%)Party committees: $1.2M (54.9%)Party committees: $1.2M (54.9%)Party committees: $1.2M (54.9%)Party committees: $1.2M (54.9%)Party committees: $1.2M (54.9%)Party committees: $1.2M (54.9%)Party committees: $1.2M (54.9%)Party committees: $1.2M (54.9%)Party committees: $1.2M (54.9%)Party committees: $1.2M (54.9%)Party committees: $1.2M (54.9%)Party committees: $1.2M (54.9%)Party committees: $1.2M (54.9%)Party committees: $1.2M (54.9%)Party committees: $1.2M (54.9%)Party committees: $1.2M (54.9%)Party committees: $1.2M (54.9%)Party committees: $1.2M (54.9%)Party committees: $1.2M (54.9%)Party committees: $1.2M (54.9%)Party committees: $1.2M (54.9%)Party committees: $1.2M (54.9%)Party committees: $1.2M (54.9%)Party committees: $1.2M (54.9%)Party committees: $1.2M (54.9%)Party committees: $1.2M (54.9%)
  • Individuals (itemized)28 squares$596.1K
  • PACs and other committees17 squares$370.8K
  • Party committees55 squares$1.2M
Show the data
Sources of Franklin's money, 2026 cycle, one square per percent
SourceAmountShare
Individuals (itemized)$596.1K27.8%
PACs and other committees$370.8K17.3%
Party committees$1.2M54.9%
What this means, and what it doesn’t

Totals say how much a campaign took in, not how it was spent, and they rise sharply when a seat is up for election; compare cycles with that in mind.

Receipts by cycle

Itemized contributions, 2022 to 2026. The grey line is the State House Democrats’ median for 2026.

2022 cycle: $18.2K$18.2K20222024 cycle: $800.9K$800.9K20242026 cycle: $2.1M$2.1M2026State House Democrats median $40.4K
Show the data
Franklin's receipts by cycle against the 2026 State House Democrats median.
ItemValue
2022 cycle$18.2K
2024 cycle$800.9K
2026 cycle$2.1M

Top donor states, 2026

Itemized contributions by donor state. 75% came from Virginia.

  1. Virginia$446.8K
  2. California$51.6K
  3. New York$18.9K
  4. District of Columbia$15.3K
  5. Texas$12.9K

Small donations

State filings report no total for small gifts.

Not reported in state filings.

Where itemized donors live

Individuals who gave more than $200, by donor state

Alaska: no dataAKMaine: no dataMEVermont: no dataVTNew Hampshire: no dataNHWashington: $2,125WAIdaho: no dataIDMontana: $3,500MTNorth Dakota: no dataNDMinnesota: no dataMNIllinois: $825ILWisconsin: $100WIMichigan: $133MINew York: $18.9KNYRhode Island: no dataRIMassachusetts: $10.7KMAOregon: $8,786ORNevada: no dataNVWyoming: no dataWYSouth Dakota: no dataSDIowa: no dataIAIndiana: $298INOhio: $291OHPennsylvania: $927PANew Jersey: $527NJConnecticut: $1,660CTCalifornia: $51.6KCAUtah: $300UTColorado: $1,728CONebraska: no dataNEMissouri: no dataMOKentucky: $200KYWest Virginia: no dataWVVirginia: $446.8KVAMaryland: $8,387MDDelaware: $100DEArizona: $568AZNew Mexico: $30NMKansas: no dataKSArkansas: $200ARTennessee: $1,132TNNorth Carolina: $727NCSouth Carolina: no dataSCDistrict of Columbia: $15.3KDCOklahoma: no dataOKLouisiana: no dataLAMississippi: $4,000MSAlabama: no dataALGeorgia: $250GAHawaii: no dataHITexas: $12.9KTXFlorida: $2,988FL
Show the data
Franklin's itemized individual contributions by donor state, 2026 cycle
StateValue
Virginia$446.8K
California$51.6K
New York$18.9K
District of Columbia$15.3K
Texas$12.9K
Massachusetts$10.7K
Oregon$8,786
Maryland$8,387
Mississippi$4,000
Montana$3,500
Florida$2,988
Washington$2,125
Colorado$1,728
Connecticut$1,660
Tennessee$1,132
Pennsylvania$927
Illinois$825
North Carolina$727
Arizona$568
New Jersey$527
Utah$300
Indiana$298
Ohio$291
Georgia$250
Kentucky$200
Arkansas$200
Michigan$133
Wisconsin$100
Delaware$100
New Mexico$30
AlaskaNo data
MaineNo data
VermontNo data
New HampshireNo data
IdahoNo data
North DakotaNo data
MinnesotaNo data
Rhode IslandNo data
NevadaNo data
WyomingNo data
South DakotaNo data
IowaNo data
NebraskaNo data
MissouriNo data
West VirginiaNo data
KansasNo data
South CarolinaNo data
OklahomaNo data
LouisianaNo data
AlabamaNo data
HawaiiNo data
1,145

itemized donors

People who gave more than $200

75%

from Virginia

Of itemized individual dollars

How to read the map

Every state the same size. Darker states gave more itemized money; hatched states had no itemized donors; the outlined state is Virginia. Gifts of $200 or less carry no address and are left out.

Top donor occupations

Itemized, 2026 cycle.

  1. NOT EMPLOYED$231.8K 652 donors
  2. SELF$95.2K 5 donors
  3. RETIRED$47.0K 64 donors
  4. NO EMPLOYER$22.8K 42 donors
  5. ATTORNEY$11.2K 22 donors

Top committees

PAC and committee contributions, 2026 cycle.

  1. VIRGINIA HOUSE DEMOCRATIC CAUCUS$1.0M
  2. DEMOCRATIC PARTY OF VIRGINIA$139.2K
  3. CLEAN VIRGINIA$133.4K
  4. PLANNED PARENTHOOD VIRGINIA PAC$68.9K
  5. CHESAPEAKE CLIMATE ACTION NETWORK ACTION FUND$23.2K

Top employers

Itemized, 2026 cycle.

  1. NO EMPLOYER$22.8K 42 donors
  2. VIRGINIA TECH$9,463 31 donors
  3. CARILION CLINIC$530 3 donors
  4. FAIRFAX COUNTY PUBLIC SCHOOLS$505 3 donors

Aggregates only. Individual donors are never named.

Back to topNext: Votes

Votes

Franklin voted with the majority of Virginia House Democrats on 99.0% of party-line votes and missed 0.3% of 2,056 roll calls. Virginia House on average: 96.5% party unity, 98.2% attendance. Across all roll calls, Franklin voted against the majority of Virginia House Democrats 9 times.

2,056 roll calls Franklin could vote on in the VA 2025–26 session, compared with Virginia House. Attendance is the share with a vote recorded. Party unity counts only party-line roll calls, where most Democrats and most Republicans voted on opposite sides, and is the share of those where Franklin voted with the majority of Virginia House Democrats. The count of votes against that majority covers every roll call where the majority took a side.

9

votes against the majority of Virginia House Democrats

Party unity 99.0%, Virginia House average 96.5%, ranks 47th of 98. 2,056 roll calls in the VA 2025–26 session.

Attendance and party unity

The thick bar is Franklin, the thin grey bar the Virginia House average. The scale runs from 80% to 100% to show the gap.

80%100%
Franklin
Peers
Rank
Attendance
99.6%
98.2%
27th of 98
Party unity
99.0%
96.5%
47th of 98
Show the data
Franklin's attendance and party unity against Virginia House.
RowFranklinPeers
Attendance99.6%98.2%
Party unity99.0%96.5%
What this means, and what it doesn’t

A missed roll call has many causes, from illness to campaigning, so attendance says how often, not why. A vote against the majority can be on procedure as well as substance, and many fall on roll calls where both parties split; the key votes below show the ones that decided something.

Key votes

Roll calls the lab flags as key

No votes in this window met the key-vote rules.

How key votes are chosen

Automatically: a final-passage or override vote where the measure became law, the margin was under 10%, at least 10% of either party voted against its majority, or the bill was among the 25 most mentioned in officials’ own statements. Up to 25 per window, most recent first; five are shown. Bars show yea on the left, nay on the right, per party.

Votes most often with

The colleagues who voted the same way as Franklin most often

  1. Stacey CarrollD1,884 shared votes100%
  2. Kim AdamsD2,048 shared votes100%
  3. Virgil ThorntonD2,047 shared votes100%
  4. Don ScottD2,047 shared votes100%
  5. Leslie MehtaD2,044 shared votes100%

Votes least often with

The colleagues who voted the same way as Franklin least often

  1. Tim GriffinR1,913 shared votes49%
  2. Phil ScottR1,994 shared votes50%
  3. Karen HamiltonR2,012 shared votes52%
  4. Eric ZehrR2,026 shared votes52%
  5. Tom GarrettR1,840 shared votes54%
How to read the agreement lists

The share of roll calls both members voted on where they voted the same way, among colleagues sharing at least 50 such votes. High agreement with members of the other party is common on routine votes.

Full voting record

VA 2025–26 session, loads in batches

Back to topNext: Legislation

Legislation

Franklin sponsored 8 bills in the VA 2025–26 session; 2 became law. Cosponsored 51 others. 75% of sponsored bills got out of committee (Virginia House average 84%; 84th of 98).

The bills Franklin sponsored and cosponsored in the VA 2025–26 session, from the official bill records, and how far each got: introduced, referred to or acted on in committee, passed one chamber, passed both, became law. A bill counts at every stage it has reached, so the blocks only shrink to the right.

Bills by stage

Counts for the VA 2025–26 session

Sponsored8 billsSponsored, Introduced: 88Sponsored, In committee: 88Sponsored, Passed one chamber: 66Sponsored, Passed both chambers: 33Sponsored, Became law: 22Cosponsored51 billsCosponsored, Introduced: 5151Cosponsored, In committee: 4949Cosponsored, Passed one chamber: 4848Cosponsored, Passed both chambers: 1313Cosponsored, Became law: 77IntroducedIncommitteePassed onechamberPassed bothchambersBecamelaw
Show the data
Bills Franklin sponsored and cosponsored, by furthest stage reached
RoleIntroducedIn committeePassed one chamberPassed both chambersBecame law
Sponsored88632
Cosponsored514948137
How to read the blocks

Ink blocks are bills Franklin sponsored, ochre blocks bills Franklin cosponsored; the figure above each block is the count. Most bills in any legislature never leave committee, so a short staircase is the norm.

75%

of sponsored bills got out of committee

Virginia House average 84%. Ranks 84th of 98.

Cosponsorship partners

Colleagues who most often cosponsor with Franklin, by number of shared bills in the VA 2025–26 session; the square shows their party.

  1. Nicole Cole8
  2. Sam Rasoul7
  3. Jessica Anderson7
  4. Marty Martinez6
  5. Atoosa Reaser6
What this means, and what it doesn’t

The score is the share of sponsored bills that a committee reported out or a chamber passed, with at least 5 sponsored bills, ranked within the peer group. Members of the majority party and committee chairs move more bills, so the rank reflects position in the chamber as well as effort. Cosponsorship partners are the five colleagues who share the most of Franklin’s bills; the toggle shows more.

Bill list

Sponsored and cosponsored, with status and policy area; five are shown, the toggle shows the rest

Bills sponsored and cosponsored
HR 2172Celebrating the life of Dawann Anthony Steagall, Jr.CosponsorJun 21, 2026Passed one chamberUnassignedBill text as passed House (HR2172ER) Jun 30, 2026
HR 2142Commending Chiles Family Orchards.CosponsorJun 18, 2026Passed one chamberUnassignedBill text as passed House (HR2142ER) Jun 30, 2026
HR 2130Commending four women leaders from Caroline County Public Schools.CosponsorJun 17, 2026Passed one chamberUnassignedBill text as passed House (HR2130ER) Jun 30, 2026
HR 2131Commending Marvin Fields.CosponsorJun 17, 2026Passed one chamberUnassignedBill text as passed House (HR2131ER) Jun 30, 2026
HR 2100Celebrating the life of Tarun Mehta.CosponsorJun 15, 2026Passed one chamberUnassignedBill text as passed House (HR2100ER) Jun 30, 2026

Back to topNext: Online

Online

The lab crawls Franklin’s official and campaign websites (weekly for Congress, monthly for the states) and keeps every page’s text, so changes can be read later; it also records social accounts and describes the images Franklin posts with a vision model.

Websites

No websites are tracked for this official.

How to read the counts

“Pages crawled” is the size of the site at the last crawl; “changes in 90 days” counts pages whose text differed from the previous crawl. Sites change for many routine reasons, such as new press releases, so a high count is not by itself notable.

Social accounts

No social accounts on file.

Images Franklin posted

No images from Franklin’s posts have been described.

About the descriptions

Written by a vision model and may be wrong. Open the post to see the original. Five are shown; the toggle shows the rest.

State floor speeches

29 turns, Jan 19, 2026 to Mar 14, 2026

Floor speeches

Transcribed from chamber video or captions by the lab. They are not classified for kinds of statement.

Back to topNext: Methods and sources

Methods and sources

How this page was made. Profile built Oct 28, 2026; site last built Oct 28, 2026. Every number on the page is computed from the sources listed here, by the same rules for every official; nothing is written by hand.

The headline

The headline is the measure on which Franklin is most unusual among State House Democrats, chosen by one rule for every official of every party. The candidates are the rate of each kind of statement and of extreme labels, party unity, attendance, the small-donor share, the in-state share and total receipts of the latest cycle, the share of sponsored bills that got out of committee, talk-to-bills agreement, and the CSIP score’s place within the party group.

The builder ranks every measure within the same peer group the page compares it with, and writes each official’s percentile: the share of the group below the value, ties counting half, so 0.5 is the median and a value shared by many never ranks first. A measure’s score is how far that percentile sits from the median (0 in the middle, 0.5 at either end), and the highest score leads if it is above 0.25, outside the middle half of the group. Scores within 0.03 of each other are a tie, broken in this order: votes against the party majority, kinds of statement, ideology, roll calls missed, small donations, in-state money, legislation, agreement, extreme labels, receipts.

A measure counts only with at least 200 statements, 100 roll calls or 5 sponsored bills behind it and a peer group of at least 10. Two things never lead: high party unity or attendance, where most members sit, and a high rate of a kind of statement backed by fewer than 10 statements. When nothing qualifies, the headline is a neutral fact instead: statements classified, or years in office. The wording always names the direction (“in the bottom 5% of …”, “votes against the majority of …”).

Identifiers

Profile id
ae28ba3f-6c53-463c-ac43-a5549ef51d48
Open States
ocd-person/ae28ba3f-6c53-463c-ac43-a5549ef51d48

Bulk files with the same data for every official:

Freshness of this profile’s data

  • What politicians sayOct 27, 20261 days agoMembers of Congress: tweets since 2017; press releases, newsletters and floor speeches since 2022. State legislators: tweets since May 2024. Governors: tweets since January 2025. Labels from an LLM classifier.
  • Roll calls (state)Oct 21, 20267 days agoOpen States floor roll calls, 2019 on (none for AK and MO).
  • Bills (state)Oct 28, 2026todayOpen States bills and sponsors, 2019 on; stages from roll calls.
  • Campaign money (state)no dateState campaign-finance agencies, 2019 on; aggregates only.
  • Ideology (CSIP)Oct 25, 20263 days agoCommon-Space Ideal Points (CSIP), current validated run.
  • WebsitesOct 25, 20263 days agoWeekly crawls of federal sites since April 2026; monthly state crawls since June 2026.
  • State floor speechesOct 21, 20267 days agoState floor speech turns (published transcripts and captions), 2020 on; not LLM-classified.

How the measures work

What politicians say
Every post, press release, newsletter and congressional floor speech is read by a language model and marked for personal attacks, policy criticism, policy discussion, bipartisanship and credit claiming. A statement can be in several. Rates are shares of statements in the window. The methods paper.
Extreme labels
A statement has an extreme label when it calls a politician, party or policy “far left”, “far right”, “MAGA”, “extreme”, “radical”, “woke”, “fascist” or “communist”. The target is who the label is aimed at.
Policy areas and agreement
Statements and bills share 25 Congressional Research Service policy areas (state bills are assigned by a language model). Agreement is 1 − Jensen–Shannon distance between the two distributions, shown with at least 20 policy statements and 5 bills.
Ideology (CSIP)
Common-Space Ideal Points place federal and state officials on one left–right scale, estimated jointly from roll calls, campaign contributions and the text of statements, with standard errors. Only a validated run is shown. The methods paper.
Campaign money
Campaigns report by name only donors who give more than $200 in a cycle; smaller gifts are reported as one total. Federal totals and the small-donor share come from the FEC’s financial summaries of each campaign committee. Donor counts, donor states, employers and occupations cover itemized donors only. State filings report no small-gift totals, so state figures are itemized only. The lab never publishes donor names.
Votes and key votes
Attendance, party unity and the count of votes against the majority of an official’s own party come from roll calls (Voteview for Congress, chamber records for the states). Key votes are final-passage or override votes that became law, were decided by under 10%, saw at least 10% of a party vote against its majority, or concerned one of the 25 bills most mentioned in officials’ statements.
Peers and ranks
Comparisons are with the same party, chamber and level (for example House Democrats); state legislators are compared within their state and chamber for votes. Every comparison names its group. Rank 1 is the highest value in the group; tied values share the average of their ranks, and the percentile is the share of the group below the value, ties counting half.

America’s Political Pulse · Polarization Research Lab

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