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Democrat · Virginia House, district 89

Serving since Jan 14, 2026VA 2025–26 session

Portrait of Kacey Carnegie, rendered as a two-tone print
Official portrait
$2.6M
in itemized contributions in the 2026 cycle, in the top 5% of State House Democrats

The median for State House Democrats is $40.4K. Ranks 12th of 2,082, where 1st raised the most. 457 itemized donors.

Itemized contributions reported to the state in the 2026 cycle, ranked among State House Democrats. State filings leave small gifts out, and totals depend on whether the seat is up this cycle.

At a glance

6 measures against State House Democrats. 53% of Carnegie’s itemized money in the 2026 cycle came from Virginia, in the bottom tenth of State House Democrats. Carnegie sits at −0.89 on the CSIP scale, more liberal than 83% of State House Democrats.

The measures on which Carnegie sits furthest from the middle of State House Democrats, each against the same group, with the CSIP score when there is one. Every number is explained in its own section below.

Itemized, 2026

$2.6M

State House Democrats’ median $40.4K · ranks 12th of 2,082

From Virginia, 2026

53%

Of itemized individual dollars · ranks 1800th of 1,983 State House Democrats

CSIP ideology

−0.89

More liberal than 83% of State House Democrats · ± 0.07

Out of committee

75%

Virginia House average 84% · ranks 84th of 98

Party unity

99.6%

Virginia House average 96.5% · ranks 17th of 98 · 8 votes against the majority of Virginia House Democrats

Attendance

99.7%

Virginia House average 98.2% · ranks 23rd of 98 · 2,056 roll calls

Peer group: State House Democrats. Rank 1 is the highest value in the group; the thick bar is Carnegie, the thin grey bar the peer average. The headline is the measure on which Carnegie is most unusual among peers (Methods, §08).

Back to topNext: What politicians say

What Carnegie says

No statements for the VA 2025–26 session.No classified statements (posts, press releases, newsletters, floor speeches) in this time window.

Back to topNext: Policy

Policy

No policy statements for the VA 2025–26 session.No classified statements (posts, press releases, newsletters, floor speeches) in this time window.

Back to topNext: Ideology

Ideology

Carnegie sits at −0.89 on the CSIP scale, left of 0, more liberal than 83% of State House Democrats. Approximate range −0.96 to −0.82, which understates the uncertainty; from 457 donors and 173 roll calls.

CSIP, the lab’s Common-Space Ideal Point, places every official, federal and state, on one left–right scale, estimated from roll-call votes, who gives money to whom, and the text of statements. Negative is left of 0, positive right of it; 0 is the centre of the scale, not a definition of “moderate”.

−0.89

CSIP ideal point

Approximate range −0.96 to −0.82. From 457 donors and 173 roll calls. Run 2026-10-25T215945. Blue is left of 0, red right of 0.

← More liberalMore conservative →0Carnegie −0.9State House Democrats −0.6Virginia House −0.7All State House +0.1

The outlined dot is Carnegie, coloured by its side of 0 (blue left, red right, deeper further out); the bar through it is the approximate range (±1.96 standard errors), which understates the uncertainty; the grey ticks below are the medians of Carnegie’s groups. 0 is the centre of the scale, not “moderate” by definition.

What this means, and what it doesn’t

The score summarises how an official votes, who funds them and how they talk, relative to everyone else. It does not grade positions as good or bad, and two officials with the same score can differ on any single issue. The ± range is 1.96 standard errors, which understates the uncertainty: scores whose ranges overlap may not differ at all, and even scores whose ranges do not overlap may not differ.

Where Carnegie sits

Every official in each group, on the CSIP scale

−2.0−1.00.0+1.0+2.0← More liberalMore conservative →State House Democratsmedian −0.6Carnegie −0.9Virginia Housemedian −0.7All State Housemedian +0.1
Show the data
Carnegie's CSIP score of −0.89 placed against State House Democrats, Virginia House, All State House.
GroupOfficialsMedianShare left of Carnegie
State House Democrats2392−0.617%
Virginia House99−0.723%
All State House5324+0.18%
How to read the strips

Every small dot is one official on the same scale, coloured by its own score (blue left of 0, red right of 0, grey at 0, deeper further out) and spread up and down only to keep dots apart; where a group is crowded the dots overlap, and darker patches mean more officials. The large outlined dot is Carnegie in every row; the rule is each group’s median. The table under the figure gives the share of each group to the left of Carnegie.

Back to topNext: Money

Money

Carnegie reported $2.6M in the 2026 cycle, 64.1 times the State House Democrats’ median of $40.4K. State filings report no small-donation total. 53% of itemized individual money came from Virginia.

Campaign money from state campaign-finance filings, as aggregates only; the lab never shows an individual donor. Campaigns must report by name every person who gives them more than $200 in a cycle (“itemized”); smaller gifts are reported only as one total (“unitemized”), so donor counts, donor states, employers and occupations describe itemized donors only. State filings report no small-gift total, so these figures add up itemized contributions only.

$2.6M

itemized in the 2026 cycle

From 457 itemized donors. State House Democrats’ median $40.4K.

Where the money came from

Each square is one percent of itemized contributions in the 2026 cycle.

Individuals (itemized): $237.0K (9.2%)Individuals (itemized): $237.0K (9.2%)Individuals (itemized): $237.0K (9.2%)Individuals (itemized): $237.0K (9.2%)Individuals (itemized): $237.0K (9.2%)Individuals (itemized): $237.0K (9.2%)Individuals (itemized): $237.0K (9.2%)Individuals (itemized): $237.0K (9.2%)Individuals (itemized): $237.0K (9.2%)PACs and other committees: $305.5K (11.8%)PACs and other committees: $305.5K (11.8%)PACs and other committees: $305.5K (11.8%)PACs and other committees: $305.5K (11.8%)PACs and other committees: $305.5K (11.8%)PACs and other committees: $305.5K (11.8%)PACs and other committees: $305.5K (11.8%)PACs and other committees: $305.5K (11.8%)PACs and other committees: $305.5K (11.8%)PACs and other committees: $305.5K (11.8%)PACs and other committees: $305.5K (11.8%)PACs and other committees: $305.5K (11.8%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)Party committees: $2.0M (79.0%)
  • Individuals (itemized)9 squares$237.0K
  • PACs and other committees12 squares$305.5K
  • Party committees79 squares$2.0M
Show the data
Sources of Carnegie's money, 2026 cycle, one square per percent
SourceAmountShare
Individuals (itemized)$237.0K9.2%
PACs and other committees$305.5K11.8%
Party committees$2.0M79.0%
What this means, and what it doesn’t

Totals say how much a campaign took in, not how it was spent, and they rise sharply when a seat is up for election; compare cycles with that in mind.

Receipts by cycle

Itemized contributions, 2026 to 2026. The grey line is the State House Democrats’ median for 2026.

2026 cycle: $2.6M$2.6M2026State House Democrats median $40.4K
Show the data
Carnegie's receipts by cycle against the 2026 State House Democrats median.
ItemValue
2026 cycle$2.6M

Top donor states, 2026

Itemized contributions by donor state. 53% came from Virginia.

  1. Virginia$126.2K
  2. California$41.5K
  3. Maryland$15.4K
  4. District of Columbia$11.0K
  5. New York$7,423

Small donations

State filings report no total for small gifts.

Not reported in state filings.

Where itemized donors live

Individuals who gave more than $200, by donor state

Alaska: no dataAKMaine: $625MEVermont: no dataVTNew Hampshire: no dataNHWashington: $1,887WAIdaho: no dataIDMontana: $3,500MTNorth Dakota: no dataNDMinnesota: $100MNIllinois: $655ILWisconsin: no dataWIMichigan: no dataMINew York: $7,423NYRhode Island: $2,500RIMassachusetts: $6,980MAOregon: $300ORNevada: no dataNVWyoming: no dataWYSouth Dakota: no dataSDIowa: no dataIAIndiana: $103INOhio: no dataOHPennsylvania: $685PANew Jersey: $2,700NJConnecticut: $842CTCalifornia: $41.5KCAUtah: no dataUTColorado: $1,100CONebraska: no dataNEMissouri: no dataMOKentucky: no dataKYWest Virginia: no dataWVVirginia: $126.2KVAMaryland: $15.4KMDDelaware: no dataDEArizona: $5,200AZNew Mexico: $250NMKansas: no dataKSArkansas: no dataARTennessee: $200TNNorth Carolina: $927NCSouth Carolina: no dataSCDistrict of Columbia: $11.0KDCOklahoma: no dataOKLouisiana: no dataLAMississippi: no dataMSAlabama: no dataALGeorgia: $167GAHawaii: no dataHITexas: $6,643TXFlorida: $200FL
Show the data
Carnegie's itemized individual contributions by donor state, 2026 cycle
StateValue
Virginia$126.2K
California$41.5K
Maryland$15.4K
District of Columbia$11.0K
New York$7,423
Massachusetts$6,980
Texas$6,643
Arizona$5,200
Montana$3,500
New Jersey$2,700
Rhode Island$2,500
Washington$1,887
Colorado$1,100
North Carolina$927
Connecticut$842
Pennsylvania$685
Illinois$655
Maine$625
Oregon$300
New Mexico$250
Tennessee$200
Florida$200
Georgia$167
Indiana$103
Minnesota$100
AlaskaNo data
VermontNo data
New HampshireNo data
IdahoNo data
North DakotaNo data
WisconsinNo data
MichiganNo data
NevadaNo data
WyomingNo data
South DakotaNo data
IowaNo data
OhioNo data
UtahNo data
NebraskaNo data
MissouriNo data
KentuckyNo data
West VirginiaNo data
DelawareNo data
KansasNo data
ArkansasNo data
South CarolinaNo data
OklahomaNo data
LouisianaNo data
MississippiNo data
AlabamaNo data
HawaiiNo data
457

itemized donors

People who gave more than $200

53%

from Virginia

Of itemized individual dollars

How to read the map

Every state the same size. Darker states gave more itemized money; hatched states had no itemized donors; the outlined state is Virginia. Gifts of $200 or less carry no address and are left out.

Top donor occupations

Itemized, 2026 cycle.

  1. NOT EMPLOYED$119.1K 247 donors
  2. ATTORNEY$23.6K 38 donors
  3. CONSULTANT$9,083 11 donors
  4. RETIRED$4,640 6 donors
  5. PHYSICIAN$3,298 9 donors

Top committees

PAC and committee contributions, 2026 cycle.

  1. VIRGINIA HOUSE DEMOCRATIC CAUCUS$1.9M
  2. DEMOCRATIC PARTY OF VIRGINIA$163.4K
  3. CLEAN VIRGINIA FUND$80.6K
  4. SECURE PROGRESS$36.0K
  5. CHESAPEAKE CLIMATE ACTION NETWORK ACTION FUND$29.7K

Top employers

Itemized, 2026 cycle.

  1. CARNEGIE LAW GROUP$2,472 3 donors

Aggregates only. Individual donors are never named.

Back to topNext: Votes

Votes

Carnegie voted with the majority of Virginia House Democrats on 99.6% of party-line votes and missed 0.2% of 2,056 roll calls. Virginia House on average: 96.5% party unity, 98.2% attendance. Across all roll calls, Carnegie voted against the majority of Virginia House Democrats 8 times.

2,056 roll calls Carnegie could vote on in the VA 2025–26 session, compared with Virginia House. Attendance is the share with a vote recorded. Party unity counts only party-line roll calls, where most Democrats and most Republicans voted on opposite sides, and is the share of those where Carnegie voted with the majority of Virginia House Democrats. The count of votes against that majority covers every roll call where the majority took a side.

8

votes against the majority of Virginia House Democrats

Party unity 99.6%, Virginia House average 96.5%, ranks 17th of 98. 2,056 roll calls in the VA 2025–26 session.

Attendance and party unity

The thick bar is Carnegie, the thin grey bar the Virginia House average. The scale runs from 80% to 100% to show the gap.

80%100%
Carnegie
Peers
Rank
Attendance
99.7%
98.2%
23rd of 98
Party unity
99.6%
96.5%
17th of 98
Show the data
Carnegie's attendance and party unity against Virginia House.
RowCarnegiePeers
Attendance99.7%98.2%
Party unity99.6%96.5%
What this means, and what it doesn’t

A missed roll call has many causes, from illness to campaigning, so attendance says how often, not why. A vote against the majority can be on procedure as well as substance, and many fall on roll calls where both parties split; the key votes below show the ones that decided something.

Key votes

Roll calls the lab flags as key

No votes in this window met the key-vote rules.

How key votes are chosen

Automatically: a final-passage or override vote where the measure became law, the margin was under 10%, at least 10% of either party voted against its majority, or the bill was among the 25 most mentioned in officials’ own statements. Up to 25 per window, most recent first; five are shown. Bars show yea on the left, nay on the right, per party.

Votes most often with

The colleagues who voted the same way as Carnegie most often

  1. Alex AskewD2,050 shared votes100%
  2. Don ScottD2,049 shared votes100%
  3. Leslie MehtaD2,046 shared votes100%
  4. Delores McQuinnD1,994 shared votes100%
  5. Virgil ThorntonD2,049 shared votes100%

Votes least often with

The colleagues who voted the same way as Carnegie least often

  1. Tim GriffinR1,915 shared votes49%
  2. Phil ScottR1,996 shared votes50%
  3. Karen HamiltonR2,014 shared votes52%
  4. Eric ZehrR2,028 shared votes52%
  5. Tom GarrettR1,841 shared votes54%
How to read the agreement lists

The share of roll calls both members voted on where they voted the same way, among colleagues sharing at least 50 such votes. High agreement with members of the other party is common on routine votes.

Full voting record

VA 2025–26 session, loads in batches

Back to topNext: Legislation

Legislation

Carnegie sponsored 8 bills in the VA 2025–26 session; 1 became law. Cosponsored 65 others. 75% of sponsored bills got out of committee (Virginia House average 84%; 84th of 98).

The bills Carnegie sponsored and cosponsored in the VA 2025–26 session, from the official bill records, and how far each got: introduced, referred to or acted on in committee, passed one chamber, passed both, became law. A bill counts at every stage it has reached, so the blocks only shrink to the right.

Bills by stage

Counts for the VA 2025–26 session

Sponsored8 billsSponsored, Introduced: 88Sponsored, In committee: 88Sponsored, Passed one chamber: 66Sponsored, Passed both chambers: 11Sponsored, Became law: 11Cosponsored65 billsCosponsored, Introduced: 6565Cosponsored, In committee: 6565Cosponsored, Passed one chamber: 6262Cosponsored, Passed both chambers: 1717Cosponsored, Became law: 99IntroducedIncommitteePassed onechamberPassed bothchambersBecamelaw
Show the data
Bills Carnegie sponsored and cosponsored, by furthest stage reached
RoleIntroducedIn committeePassed one chamberPassed both chambersBecame law
Sponsored88611
Cosponsored656562179
How to read the blocks

Ink blocks are bills Carnegie sponsored, ochre blocks bills Carnegie cosponsored; the figure above each block is the count. Most bills in any legislature never leave committee, so a short staircase is the norm.

75%

of sponsored bills got out of committee

Virginia House average 84%. Ranks 84th of 98.

Cosponsorship partners

Colleagues who most often cosponsor with Carnegie, by number of shared bills in the VA 2025–26 session; the square shows their party.

  1. Karen Keys-Gamarra15
  2. Bonita Anthony14
  3. Lindsey Dougherty13
  4. Nadarius Clark13
  5. Rae Cousins12
What this means, and what it doesn’t

The score is the share of sponsored bills that a committee reported out or a chamber passed, with at least 5 sponsored bills, ranked within the peer group. Members of the majority party and committee chairs move more bills, so the rank reflects position in the chamber as well as effort. Cosponsorship partners are the five colleagues who share the most of Carnegie’s bills; the toggle shows more.

Bill list

Sponsored and cosponsored, with status and policy area; five are shown, the toggle shows the rest

Bills sponsored and cosponsored
HR 2187Commending the Greater Fredericksburg Chapter of Jack and Jill of America, Inc.CosponsorJun 22, 2026Passed one chamberUnassignedBill text as passed House (HR2187ER) Jun 30, 2026
HR 2172Celebrating the life of Dawann Anthony Steagall, Jr.CosponsorJun 21, 2026Passed one chamberUnassignedBill text as passed House (HR2172ER) Jun 30, 2026
HR 2130Commending four women leaders from Caroline County Public Schools.CosponsorJun 17, 2026Passed one chamberUnassignedBill text as passed House (HR2130ER) Jun 30, 2026
HR 2131Commending Marvin Fields.CosponsorJun 17, 2026Passed one chamberUnassignedBill text as passed House (HR2131ER) Jun 30, 2026
HR 2132Commending the Reverend Dr. Raymond A. Bell.CosponsorJun 17, 2026Passed one chamberUnassignedBill text as passed House (HR2132ER) Jun 30, 2026

Back to topNext: Online

Online

The lab crawls Carnegie’s official and campaign websites (weekly for Congress, monthly for the states) and keeps every page’s text, so changes can be read later; it also records social accounts and describes the images Carnegie posts with a vision model.

Websites

No websites are tracked for this official.

How to read the counts

“Pages crawled” is the size of the site at the last crawl; “changes in 90 days” counts pages whose text differed from the previous crawl. Sites change for many routine reasons, such as new press releases, so a high count is not by itself notable.

Social accounts

No social accounts on file.

Images Carnegie posted

No images from Carnegie’s posts have been described.

About the descriptions

Written by a vision model and may be wrong. Open the post to see the original. Five are shown; the toggle shows the rest.

State floor speeches

18 turns, Jan 30, 2026 to Apr 22, 2026

Floor speeches

Transcribed from chamber video or captions by the lab. They are not classified for kinds of statement.

Back to topNext: Methods and sources

Methods and sources

How this page was made. Profile built Oct 28, 2026; site last built Oct 28, 2026. Every number on the page is computed from the sources listed here, by the same rules for every official; nothing is written by hand.

The headline

The headline is the measure on which Carnegie is most unusual among State House Democrats, chosen by one rule for every official of every party. The candidates are the rate of each kind of statement and of extreme labels, party unity, attendance, the small-donor share, the in-state share and total receipts of the latest cycle, the share of sponsored bills that got out of committee, talk-to-bills agreement, and the CSIP score’s place within the party group.

The builder ranks every measure within the same peer group the page compares it with, and writes each official’s percentile: the share of the group below the value, ties counting half, so 0.5 is the median and a value shared by many never ranks first. A measure’s score is how far that percentile sits from the median (0 in the middle, 0.5 at either end), and the highest score leads if it is above 0.25, outside the middle half of the group. Scores within 0.03 of each other are a tie, broken in this order: votes against the party majority, kinds of statement, ideology, roll calls missed, small donations, in-state money, legislation, agreement, extreme labels, receipts.

A measure counts only with at least 200 statements, 100 roll calls or 5 sponsored bills behind it and a peer group of at least 10. Two things never lead: high party unity or attendance, where most members sit, and a high rate of a kind of statement backed by fewer than 10 statements. When nothing qualifies, the headline is a neutral fact instead: statements classified, or years in office. The wording always names the direction (“in the bottom 5% of …”, “votes against the majority of …”).

Identifiers

Profile id
aeba499e-3396-4787-bd81-e9b16a8898f7
Open States
ocd-person/aeba499e-3396-4787-bd81-e9b16a8898f7

Bulk files with the same data for every official:

Freshness of this profile’s data

  • What politicians sayOct 27, 20261 days agoMembers of Congress: tweets since 2017; press releases, newsletters and floor speeches since 2022. State legislators: tweets since May 2024. Governors: tweets since January 2025. Labels from an LLM classifier.
  • Roll calls (state)Oct 21, 20267 days agoOpen States floor roll calls, 2019 on (none for AK and MO).
  • Bills (state)Oct 28, 2026todayOpen States bills and sponsors, 2019 on; stages from roll calls.
  • Campaign money (state)no dateState campaign-finance agencies, 2019 on; aggregates only.
  • Ideology (CSIP)Oct 25, 20263 days agoCommon-Space Ideal Points (CSIP), current validated run.
  • WebsitesOct 25, 20263 days agoWeekly crawls of federal sites since April 2026; monthly state crawls since June 2026.
  • State floor speechesOct 21, 20267 days agoState floor speech turns (published transcripts and captions), 2020 on; not LLM-classified.

How the measures work

What politicians say
Every post, press release, newsletter and congressional floor speech is read by a language model and marked for personal attacks, policy criticism, policy discussion, bipartisanship and credit claiming. A statement can be in several. Rates are shares of statements in the window. The methods paper.
Extreme labels
A statement has an extreme label when it calls a politician, party or policy “far left”, “far right”, “MAGA”, “extreme”, “radical”, “woke”, “fascist” or “communist”. The target is who the label is aimed at.
Policy areas and agreement
Statements and bills share 25 Congressional Research Service policy areas (state bills are assigned by a language model). Agreement is 1 − Jensen–Shannon distance between the two distributions, shown with at least 20 policy statements and 5 bills.
Ideology (CSIP)
Common-Space Ideal Points place federal and state officials on one left–right scale, estimated jointly from roll calls, campaign contributions and the text of statements, with standard errors. Only a validated run is shown. The methods paper.
Campaign money
Campaigns report by name only donors who give more than $200 in a cycle; smaller gifts are reported as one total. Federal totals and the small-donor share come from the FEC’s financial summaries of each campaign committee. Donor counts, donor states, employers and occupations cover itemized donors only. State filings report no small-gift totals, so state figures are itemized only. The lab never publishes donor names.
Votes and key votes
Attendance, party unity and the count of votes against the majority of an official’s own party come from roll calls (Voteview for Congress, chamber records for the states). Key votes are final-passage or override votes that became law, were decided by under 10%, saw at least 10% of a party vote against its majority, or concerned one of the 25 bills most mentioned in officials’ statements.
Peers and ranks
Comparisons are with the same party, chamber and level (for example House Democrats); state legislators are compared within their state and chamber for votes. Every comparison names its group. Rank 1 is the highest value in the group; tied values share the average of their ranks, and the percentile is the share of the group below the value, ties counting half.

America’s Political Pulse · Polarization Research Lab

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