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Republican · Maine House, district 5

Serving since Dec 7, 2022ME 2025–26 session

Portrait of Joseph Underwood, rendered as a two-tone print
Official portrait
40%
of roll calls missed, attendance in the bottom 5% of the Maine House

Attendance 60%; the average within the Maine House is 94.9%. Ranks 146th of 149, where 1st has the highest attendance. 804 roll calls in the ME 2025–26 session.

Attendance is the share of the roll calls Underwood could vote on where a yea, nay or present was recorded, ranked within the Maine House. A missed vote has many causes, from illness to campaigning; the number says how often, not why.

At a glance

6 measures against the Maine House. Underwood reported $525 in the 2024 cycle, in the bottom tenth of State House Republicans (median $10.7K). Underwood sits at +0.63 on the CSIP scale, more conservative than 88% of State House Republicans.

The measures on which Underwood sits furthest from the middle of the Maine House, each against the same group, with the CSIP score when there is one. Every number is explained in its own section below.

Party unity

99.5%

Maine House average 95.9% · ranks 3rd of 149 · 23 votes against the majority of Maine House Republicans

Attendance

60%

Maine House average 94.9% · ranks 146th of 149 · 804 roll calls

Itemized, 2024

$525

State House Republicans’ median $10.7K · ranks 227th of 240

CSIP ideology

+0.63

More conservative than 88% of State House Republicans · ± 0.08

Out of committee

40%

Maine House average 64% · ranks 85th of 96

From Maine, 2024

100%

Of itemized individual dollars · ranks 51st of 214 State House Republicans

Peer group: Maine House. Rank 1 is the highest value in the group; the thick bar is Underwood, the thin grey bar the peer average. The headline is the measure on which Underwood is most unusual among peers (Methods, §08).

Back to topNext: What politicians say

What Underwood says

No statements for the ME 2025–26 session.No classified statements (posts, press releases, newsletters, floor speeches) in this time window.

Back to topNext: Policy

Policy

No policy statements for the ME 2025–26 session.No classified statements (posts, press releases, newsletters, floor speeches) in this time window.

Back to topNext: Ideology

Ideology

Underwood sits at +0.63 on the CSIP scale, right of 0, more conservative than 88% of State House Republicans. Approximate range +0.56 to +0.71, which understates the uncertainty; from 22 donors and 719 roll calls.

CSIP, the lab’s Common-Space Ideal Point, places every official, federal and state, on one left–right scale, estimated from roll-call votes, who gives money to whom, and the text of statements. Negative is left of 0, positive right of it; 0 is the centre of the scale, not a definition of “moderate”.

+0.63

CSIP ideal point

Approximate range +0.56 to +0.71. From 22 donors and 719 roll calls. Run 2026-10-25T215945. Blue is left of 0, red right of 0.

← More liberalMore conservative →0Underwood +0.6State House Republicans +0.4Maine House −0.3All State House +0.1

The outlined dot is Underwood, coloured by its side of 0 (blue left, red right, deeper further out); the bar through it is the approximate range (±1.96 standard errors), which understates the uncertainty; the grey ticks below are the medians of Underwood’s groups. 0 is the centre of the scale, not “moderate” by definition.

What this means, and what it doesn’t

The score summarises how an official votes, who funds them and how they talk, relative to everyone else. It does not grade positions as good or bad, and two officials with the same score can differ on any single issue. The ± range is 1.96 standard errors, which understates the uncertainty: scores whose ranges overlap may not differ at all, and even scores whose ranges do not overlap may not differ.

Where Underwood sits

Every official in each group, on the CSIP scale

−2.0−1.00.0+1.0+2.0← More liberalMore conservative →State House Republicansmedian +0.4Underwood +0.6Maine Housemedian −0.3All State Housemedian +0.1
Show the data
Underwood's CSIP score of +0.63 placed against State House Republicans, Maine House, All State House.
GroupOfficialsMedianShare left of Underwood
State House Republicans2917+0.488%
Maine House152−0.395%
All State House5324+0.194%
How to read the strips

Every small dot is one official on the same scale, coloured by its own score (blue left of 0, red right of 0, grey at 0, deeper further out) and spread up and down only to keep dots apart; where a group is crowded the dots overlap, and darker patches mean more officials. The large outlined dot is Underwood in every row; the rule is each group’s median. The table under the figure gives the share of each group to the left of Underwood.

Back to topNext: Money

Money

Underwood reported $525 in the 2024 cycle, 4.9% of the State House Republicans’ median of $10.7K. State filings report no small-donation total. 100% of itemized individual money came from Maine.

Campaign money from state campaign-finance filings, as aggregates only; the lab never shows an individual donor. Campaigns must report by name every person who gives them more than $200 in a cycle (“itemized”); smaller gifts are reported only as one total (“unitemized”), so donor counts, donor states, employers and occupations describe itemized donors only. State filings report no small-gift total, so these figures add up itemized contributions only.

Election cycle
$525

itemized in the 2024 cycle

From 6 itemized donors. State House Republicans’ median $10.7K.

Where the money came from

Each square is one percent of itemized contributions in the 2024 cycle.

Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)Individuals (itemized): $525 (100.0%)
  • Individuals (itemized)100 squares$525
Show the data
Sources of Underwood's money, 2024 cycle, one square per percent
SourceAmountShare
Individuals (itemized)$525100.0%
What this means, and what it doesn’t

Totals say how much a campaign took in, not how it was spent, and they rise sharply when a seat is up for election; compare cycles with that in mind.

Receipts by cycle

Itemized contributions, 2020 to 2024. The grey line is the State House Republicans’ median for 2024.

2020 cycle: $917$91720202022 cycle: $925$92520222024 cycle: $525$5252024State House Republicans median $10.7K
Show the data
Underwood's receipts by cycle against the 2024 State House Republicans median.
ItemValue
2020 cycle$917
2022 cycle$925
2024 cycle$525

Top donor states, 2024

Itemized contributions by donor state. 100% came from Maine.

  1. Maine$525

Small donations

State filings report no total for small gifts.

Not reported in state filings.

Where itemized donors live

Individuals who gave more than $200, by donor state

Alaska: no dataAKMaine: $525MEVermont: no dataVTNew Hampshire: no dataNHWashington: no dataWAIdaho: no dataIDMontana: no dataMTNorth Dakota: no dataNDMinnesota: no dataMNIllinois: no dataILWisconsin: no dataWIMichigan: no dataMINew York: no dataNYRhode Island: no dataRIMassachusetts: no dataMAOregon: no dataORNevada: no dataNVWyoming: no dataWYSouth Dakota: no dataSDIowa: no dataIAIndiana: no dataINOhio: no dataOHPennsylvania: no dataPANew Jersey: no dataNJConnecticut: no dataCTCalifornia: no dataCAUtah: no dataUTColorado: no dataCONebraska: no dataNEMissouri: no dataMOKentucky: no dataKYWest Virginia: no dataWVVirginia: no dataVAMaryland: no dataMDDelaware: no dataDEArizona: no dataAZNew Mexico: no dataNMKansas: no dataKSArkansas: no dataARTennessee: no dataTNNorth Carolina: no dataNCSouth Carolina: no dataSCDistrict of Columbia: no dataDCOklahoma: no dataOKLouisiana: no dataLAMississippi: no dataMSAlabama: no dataALGeorgia: no dataGAHawaii: no dataHITexas: no dataTXFlorida: no dataFL
Show the data
Underwood's itemized individual contributions by donor state, 2024 cycle
StateValue
Maine$525
AlaskaNo data
VermontNo data
New HampshireNo data
WashingtonNo data
IdahoNo data
MontanaNo data
North DakotaNo data
MinnesotaNo data
IllinoisNo data
WisconsinNo data
MichiganNo data
New YorkNo data
Rhode IslandNo data
MassachusettsNo data
OregonNo data
NevadaNo data
WyomingNo data
South DakotaNo data
IowaNo data
IndianaNo data
OhioNo data
PennsylvaniaNo data
New JerseyNo data
ConnecticutNo data
CaliforniaNo data
UtahNo data
ColoradoNo data
NebraskaNo data
MissouriNo data
KentuckyNo data
West VirginiaNo data
VirginiaNo data
MarylandNo data
DelawareNo data
ArizonaNo data
New MexicoNo data
KansasNo data
ArkansasNo data
TennesseeNo data
North CarolinaNo data
South CarolinaNo data
District of ColumbiaNo data
OklahomaNo data
LouisianaNo data
MississippiNo data
AlabamaNo data
GeorgiaNo data
HawaiiNo data
TexasNo data
FloridaNo data
6

itemized donors

People who gave more than $200

100%

from Maine

Of itemized individual dollars

How to read the map

Every state the same size. Darker states gave more itemized money; hatched states had no itemized donors; the outlined state is Maine. Gifts of $200 or less carry no address and are left out.

Top donor occupations

Itemized, 2024 cycle.

No occupations reported.

Top committees

PAC and committee contributions, 2024 cycle.

No committee contributions this cycle.

Top employers

Itemized, 2024 cycle.

No employers reported.

Aggregates only. Individual donors are never named.

Back to topNext: Votes

Votes

Underwood voted with the majority of Maine House Republicans on 99.5% of party-line votes and missed 40% of 804 roll calls. Maine House on average: 95.9% party unity, 94.9% attendance. Across all roll calls, Underwood voted against the majority of Maine House Republicans 23 times.

804 roll calls Underwood could vote on in the ME 2025–26 session, compared with Maine House. Attendance is the share with a vote recorded. Party unity counts only party-line roll calls, where most Democrats and most Republicans voted on opposite sides, and is the share of those where Underwood voted with the majority of Maine House Republicans. The count of votes against that majority covers every roll call where the majority took a side.

23

votes against the majority of Maine House Republicans

Party unity 99.5%, Maine House average 95.9%, ranks 3rd of 149. 804 roll calls in the ME 2025–26 session.

Attendance and party unity

The thick bar is Underwood, the thin grey bar the Maine House average. The scale runs from 60% to 100% to show the gap.

60%100%
Underwood
Peers
Rank
Attendance
60%
94.9%
146th of 149
Party unity
99.5%
95.9%
3rd of 149
Show the data
Underwood's attendance and party unity against Maine House.
RowUnderwoodPeers
Attendance60%94.9%
Party unity99.5%95.9%
What this means, and what it doesn’t

A missed roll call has many causes, from illness to campaigning, so attendance says how often, not why. A vote against the majority can be on procedure as well as substance, and many fall on roll calls where both parties split; the key votes below show the ones that decided something.

Key votes

25 roll calls the lab flagged as key in the ME 2025–26 session

Key votes
Party split (yea–nay)Why it’s key
Apr 29, 2026
LD 307
An Act Regarding Energy, Utilities And Technology
reconsideration-veto
NayWith majorityfailD 64–6 · R 7–59 · I 1–0Democrats 64 yea, 6 nay; Republicans 7 yea, 59 nay; Independents 1 yea, 0 nayclose vote · party crossover
Apr 29, 2026
LD 307
An Act Regarding Energy, Utilities And Technology
Move the Previous Question
YeaWith majorityfailD 11–57 · R 54–12 · I 0–1Democrats 11 yea, 57 nay; Republicans 54 yea, 12 nay; Independents 0 yea, 1 nayclose vote · party crossover
Apr 14, 2026
LD 555
An Act To Create A Separate Department Of Child And Family Services
Acc Maj Ought Not to Pass Rep
NayWith majoritypassD 71–4 · R 2–67 · I 2–1Democrats 71 yea, 4 nay; Republicans 2 yea, 67 nay; Independents 2 yea, 1 nayclose vote
Apr 14, 2026
LD 299
An Act To Support Investment In Agriculture
Enactment - Bond Issue
Did not vote—failD 74–1 · R 13–54 · I 3–0Democrats 74 yea, 1 nay; Republicans 13 yea, 54 nay; Independents 3 yea, 0 nayparty crossover
Apr 14, 2026
LD 127
An Act To Strengthen Legislative Oversight Of Government Agencies And Programs By Reaffirming The Legislature'S Access To Confidential Records
suspension of house rule 515
Did not vote—failD 6–69 · R 67–0 · I 1–2Democrats 6 yea, 69 nay; Republicans 67 yea, 0 nay; Independents 1 yea, 2 nayclose vote
How key votes are chosen

Automatically: a final-passage or override vote where the measure became law, the margin was under 10%, at least 10% of either party voted against its majority, or the bill was among the 25 most mentioned in officials’ own statements. Up to 25 per window, most recent first; five are shown. Bars show yea on the left, nay on the right, per party.

Votes most often with

The colleagues who voted the same way as Underwood most often

  1. Quentin ChapmanR469 shared votes97%
  2. Kim HagganR480 shared votes97%
  3. Laurel LibbyR293 shared votes97%
  4. Mike LanceR482 shared votes96%
  5. Marygrace CiminoR483 shared votes96%

Votes least often with

The colleagues who voted the same way as Underwood least often

  1. Matt BeckD480 shared votes7.9%
  2. Charles SkoldD438 shared votes8.2%
  3. Scott HarrimanD156 shared votes8.3%
  4. Laurie OsherD456 shared votes8.6%
  5. Lori GramlichD478 shared votes8.6%
How to read the agreement lists

The share of roll calls both members voted on where they voted the same way, among colleagues sharing at least 50 such votes. High agreement with members of the other party is common on routine votes.

Full voting record

ME 2025–26 session, loads in batches

Back to topNext: Legislation

Legislation

Underwood sponsored 5 bills in the ME 2025–26 session; none became law. Cosponsored 14 others. 40% of sponsored bills got out of committee (Maine House average 64%; 85th of 96).

The bills Underwood sponsored and cosponsored in the ME 2025–26 session, from the official bill records, and how far each got: introduced, referred to or acted on in committee, passed one chamber, passed both, became law. A bill counts at every stage it has reached, so the blocks only shrink to the right.

Bills by stage

Counts for the ME 2025–26 session

Sponsored5 billsSponsored, Introduced: 55Sponsored, In committee: 55Sponsored, Passed one chamber: 22Sponsored, Passed both chambers: 00Sponsored, Became law: 00Cosponsored14 billsCosponsored, Introduced: 1414Cosponsored, In committee: 1414Cosponsored, Passed one chamber: 1010Cosponsored, Passed both chambers: 88Cosponsored, Became law: 55IntroducedIncommitteePassed onechamberPassed bothchambersBecamelaw
Show the data
Bills Underwood sponsored and cosponsored, by furthest stage reached
RoleIntroducedIn committeePassed one chamberPassed both chambersBecame law
Sponsored55200
Cosponsored14141085
How to read the blocks

Ink blocks are bills Underwood sponsored, ochre blocks bills Underwood cosponsored; the figure above each block is the count. Most bills in any legislature never leave committee, so a short staircase is the norm.

40%

of sponsored bills got out of committee

Maine House average 64%. Ranks 85th of 96.

Cosponsorship partners

Colleagues who most often cosponsor with Underwood, by number of shared bills in the ME 2025–26 session; the square shows their party.

  1. Mark Babin7
  2. Trey Stewart7
  3. Donald Ardell6
  4. Lucien Daigle6
  5. Sue Bernard6
What this means, and what it doesn’t

The score is the share of sponsored bills that a committee reported out or a chamber passed, with at least 5 sponsored bills, ranked within the peer group. Members of the majority party and committee chairs move more bills, so the rank reflects position in the chamber as well as effort. Cosponsorship partners are the five colleagues who share the most of Underwood’s bills; the toggle shows more.

Bill list

Sponsored and cosponsored, with status and policy area; five are shown, the toggle shows the rest

Bills sponsored and cosponsored
LD 2009An Act To Allow A Political Subdivision To Enter Into Federal Bankruptcy ProceedingsCosponsorMar 30, 2026Became lawEconomics and Public Finance(model)Signed by Governor Apr 13, 2026
LD 1667Resolve, To Allow Hemphill Farms, Inc. To Sue The StateCosponsorJun 17, 2025Became lawLaw(model)Became Law without Governor's Signature Jan 11, 2026
LD 1951An Act To Promote Food Processing And Manufacturing Facility Expansion And Create JobsCosponsorJun 13, 2025Became lawAgriculture and Food(model)Signed by Governor Jul 1, 2025
LD 233An Act To Prohibit Biological Males From Participating In School Athletic Programs And Activities Designated For Females When State Funding Is Provided To The SchoolCosponsorJun 13, 2025Passed one chamberCivil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues(model)Placed in Legislative Files (DEAD) Jun 17, 2025
LD 1052Resolution, Proposing An Amendment To The Constitution Of Maine To Establish The State Auditor As A Constitutional OfficerCosponsorJun 9, 2025In committeeGovernment Operations and Politics(model)Died in Possession of the Senate when the Legislature adjourned Sine Die and was PLACED IN THE LEGISLATIVE FILES. (DEAD) Apr 29, 2026

Back to topNext: Online

Online

A site that changed 1 time in 90 days. Underwood’s official site had 1 page when last crawled on Oct 1, 2026.

The lab crawls Underwood’s official and campaign websites (weekly for Congress, monthly for the states) and keeps every page’s text, so changes can be read later; it also records social accounts and describes the images Underwood posts with a vision model.

Websites

How to read the counts

“Pages crawled” is the size of the site at the last crawl; “changes in 90 days” counts pages whose text differed from the previous crawl. Sites change for many routine reasons, such as new press releases, so a high count is not by itself notable.

Images Underwood posted

No images from Underwood’s posts have been described.

About the descriptions

Written by a vision model and may be wrong. Open the post to see the original. Five are shown; the toggle shows the rest.

State floor speeches

137 turns, Dec 2, 2020 to Mar 17, 2026

Floor speeches

Transcribed from chamber video or captions by the lab. They are not classified for kinds of statement.

Back to topNext: Methods and sources

Methods and sources

How this page was made. Profile built Oct 28, 2026; site last built Oct 28, 2026. Every number on the page is computed from the sources listed here, by the same rules for every official; nothing is written by hand.

The headline

The headline is the measure on which Underwood is most unusual among Maine House, chosen by one rule for every official of every party. The candidates are the rate of each kind of statement and of extreme labels, party unity, attendance, the small-donor share, the in-state share and total receipts of the latest cycle, the share of sponsored bills that got out of committee, talk-to-bills agreement, and the CSIP score’s place within the party group.

The builder ranks every measure within the same peer group the page compares it with, and writes each official’s percentile: the share of the group below the value, ties counting half, so 0.5 is the median and a value shared by many never ranks first. A measure’s score is how far that percentile sits from the median (0 in the middle, 0.5 at either end), and the highest score leads if it is above 0.25, outside the middle half of the group. Scores within 0.03 of each other are a tie, broken in this order: votes against the party majority, kinds of statement, ideology, roll calls missed, small donations, in-state money, legislation, agreement, extreme labels, receipts.

A measure counts only with at least 200 statements, 100 roll calls or 5 sponsored bills behind it and a peer group of at least 10. Two things never lead: high party unity or attendance, where most members sit, and a high rate of a kind of statement backed by fewer than 10 statements. When nothing qualifies, the headline is a neutral fact instead: statements classified, or years in office. The wording always names the direction (“in the bottom 5% of …”, “votes against the majority of …”).

Identifiers

Profile id
b6102f7e-216a-4632-901c-25b2b446f080
Open States
ocd-person/b6102f7e-216a-4632-901c-25b2b446f080

Bulk files with the same data for every official:

Freshness of this profile’s data

  • What politicians sayOct 27, 20261 days agoMembers of Congress: tweets since 2017; press releases, newsletters and floor speeches since 2022. State legislators: tweets since May 2024. Governors: tweets since January 2025. Labels from an LLM classifier.
  • Roll calls (state)Oct 21, 20267 days agoOpen States floor roll calls, 2019 on (none for AK and MO).
  • Bills (state)Oct 28, 2026todayOpen States bills and sponsors, 2019 on; stages from roll calls.
  • Campaign money (state)no dateState campaign-finance agencies, 2019 on; aggregates only.
  • Ideology (CSIP)Oct 25, 20263 days agoCommon-Space Ideal Points (CSIP), current validated run.
  • WebsitesOct 25, 20263 days agoWeekly crawls of federal sites since April 2026; monthly state crawls since June 2026.
  • State floor speechesOct 21, 20267 days agoState floor speech turns (published transcripts and captions), 2020 on; not LLM-classified.

How the measures work

What politicians say
Every post, press release, newsletter and congressional floor speech is read by a language model and marked for personal attacks, policy criticism, policy discussion, bipartisanship and credit claiming. A statement can be in several. Rates are shares of statements in the window. The methods paper.
Extreme labels
A statement has an extreme label when it calls a politician, party or policy “far left”, “far right”, “MAGA”, “extreme”, “radical”, “woke”, “fascist” or “communist”. The target is who the label is aimed at.
Policy areas and agreement
Statements and bills share 25 Congressional Research Service policy areas (state bills are assigned by a language model). Agreement is 1 − Jensen–Shannon distance between the two distributions, shown with at least 20 policy statements and 5 bills.
Ideology (CSIP)
Common-Space Ideal Points place federal and state officials on one left–right scale, estimated jointly from roll calls, campaign contributions and the text of statements, with standard errors. Only a validated run is shown. The methods paper.
Campaign money
Campaigns report by name only donors who give more than $200 in a cycle; smaller gifts are reported as one total. Federal totals and the small-donor share come from the FEC’s financial summaries of each campaign committee. Donor counts, donor states, employers and occupations cover itemized donors only. State filings report no small-gift totals, so state figures are itemized only. The lab never publishes donor names.
Votes and key votes
Attendance, party unity and the count of votes against the majority of an official’s own party come from roll calls (Voteview for Congress, chamber records for the states). Key votes are final-passage or override votes that became law, were decided by under 10%, saw at least 10% of a party vote against its majority, or concerned one of the 25 bills most mentioned in officials’ statements.
Peers and ranks
Comparisons are with the same party, chamber and level (for example House Democrats); state legislators are compared within their state and chamber for votes. Every comparison names its group. Rank 1 is the highest value in the group; tied values share the average of their ranks, and the percentile is the share of the group below the value, ties counting half.

America’s Political Pulse · Polarization Research Lab

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