Skip to content

Democrat · Governor of Arizona

Portrait of Katie Hobbs, rendered as a two-tone print
Official portrait
98%
of Democratic governors score to the right of Hobbs on the CSIP scale

CSIP score −1.14 (approximate range −1.17 to −1.11, which understates the uncertainty); negative is left of the scale’s centre, positive right. From 132,255 donors and no roll calls.

CSIP places every official on one left–right scale estimated from roll-call votes, campaign donations and the text of statements; 0 is the centre of the scale, not a definition of moderate. The share says where Hobbs sits among Democratic governors, not how far from the centre.

At a glance

6 measures against Democratic governors. 7.0% of Hobbs’s statements use bipartisan language, 1.9 times the Democratic governor average of 3.7%. 38% of Hobbs’s statements claim credit, in the top half of Democratic governors (average 26%).

The measures on which Hobbs sits furthest from the middle of Democratic governors, each against the same group, with the CSIP score when there is one. Every number is explained in its own section below.

CSIP ideology

−1.14

More liberal than 98% of Democratic governors · ± 0.03

Bipartisanship

7.0%

Democratic governors average 3.7% · ranks 4th of 21

Credit claiming

38%

Democratic governors average 26% · ranks 6th of 21

Personal attacks

1.0%

Democratic governors average 4.2% · ranks 15th of 21

Policy criticism

9.2%

Democratic governors average 14% · ranks 15th of 21

Policy discussion

51%

Democratic governors average 49% · ranks 9th of 21

Peer group: Democratic governors. Rank 1 is the highest value in the group; the thick bar is Hobbs, the thin grey bar the peer average. The headline is the measure on which Hobbs is most unusual among peers (Methods, §08).

Back to topNext: What politicians say

What Hobbs says

Hobbs attacks opponents personally less than 66% of Democratic governors. Personal attacks in 1.0% of 503 statements, against 4.2% for the average Democratic governor; 15th of 21.

An AI model reads each of Hobbs’s 503 statements in the current term (503 posts on X) and marks the kinds of statement it contains: a personal attack, criticism of a policy, discussion of policy, bipartisanship, credit claiming, and extreme labels. A statement can carry several. Every rate is compared with the average for Democratic governors and ranked among them.

Kinds of statement

Share of statements carrying each label, the current term

0%80%
Hobbs
Peers
Rank
Policy discussion254 statements
51%
49%
9th of 21
Credit claiming189 statements
38%
26%
6th of 21
Policy criticism46 statements
9%
14%
15th of 21
Bipartisanship35 statements
7%
4%
4th of 21
Personal attacks5 statements
1%
4%
15th of 21
Show the data
Hobbs's share of statements in each category against the Democratic governors average.
RowHobbsPeers
Policy discussion51%49%
Credit claiming38%26%
Policy criticism9%14%
Bipartisanship7%4%
Personal attacks1%4%
503

statements classified

503 posts on X.

posts on X: 503 (100.0%)posts on X 503
Show the data
Hobbs's statements by source
PartValue
posts on X503
How to read the bars

The thick bar is Hobbs; the thin grey bar is the average Democratic governors. A longer thick bar means Hobbs does this more than peers. Rank 1 is the highest rate in the group.

Extreme labels

Hobbs used extreme labels in 1.2% of statements, below the peer average. 6 statements, most often aimed at agenda; peers 1.7%.

  1. “extreme”6

Who gets the labels

Targets named alongside an extreme label, by number of statements

  1. agenda1
  2. extremists1
  3. laws1
  4. Legislature1
  5. partisan agenda1
What an extreme label is

Calls a politician, a party or a policy “far left”, “far right”, “MAGA”, “extreme”, “radical”, “woke”, “fascist” or “communist”. The target is who or what the label was aimed at. The lists show the five most used labels and targets; the toggle shows the rest.

Month by month

Share of statements per month, the current term

Statements2025-01: 02025-02: 02025-03: 22025-04: 32025-05: 82025-06: 92025-07: 112025-08: 102025-09: 152025-10: 212025-11: 312025-12: 252026-01: 362026-02: 302026-03: 352026-04: 332026-05: 282026-06: 232026-07: 572026-08: 382026-09: 322026-10: 56peak 57 · Jul ’26Personal attackspeak 3.5% · Jul ’26 · latest 1.8%Personal attacks, 2025-01: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Personal attacks, 2025-02: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Personal attacks, 2025-03: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Personal attacks, 2025-04: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Personal attacks, 2025-05: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Personal attacks, 2025-06: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Personal attacks, 2025-07: 0.0% of 11Personal attacks, 2025-08: 0.0% of 10Personal attacks, 2025-09: 0.0% of 15Personal attacks, 2025-10: 0.0% of 21Personal attacks, 2025-11: 0.0% of 31Personal attacks, 2025-12: 0.0% of 25Personal attacks, 2026-01: 0.0% of 36Personal attacks, 2026-02: 0.0% of 30Personal attacks, 2026-03: 0.0% of 35Personal attacks, 2026-04: 0.0% of 33Personal attacks, 2026-05: 0.0% of 28Personal attacks, 2026-06: 0.0% of 23Personal attacks, 2026-07: 3.5% of 57Personal attacks, 2026-08: 2.6% of 38Personal attacks, 2026-09: 3.1% of 32Personal attacks, 2026-10: 1.8% of 56Policy criticismpeak 22.9% · Mar ’26 · latest 5.4%Policy criticism, 2025-01: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy criticism, 2025-02: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy criticism, 2025-03: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy criticism, 2025-04: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy criticism, 2025-05: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy criticism, 2025-06: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy criticism, 2025-07: 0.0% of 11Policy criticism, 2025-08: 0.0% of 10Policy criticism, 2025-09: 0.0% of 15Policy criticism, 2025-10: 0.0% of 21Policy criticism, 2025-11: 3.2% of 31Policy criticism, 2025-12: 0.0% of 25Policy criticism, 2026-01: 13.9% of 36Policy criticism, 2026-02: 13.3% of 30Policy criticism, 2026-03: 22.9% of 35Policy criticism, 2026-04: 12.1% of 33Policy criticism, 2026-05: 14.3% of 28Policy criticism, 2026-06: 17.4% of 23Policy criticism, 2026-07: 10.5% of 57Policy criticism, 2026-08: 5.3% of 38Policy criticism, 2026-09: 6.3% of 32Policy criticism, 2026-10: 5.4% of 56Policy discussionpeak 67.9% · Oct ’26 · latest 67.9%Policy discussion, 2025-01: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy discussion, 2025-02: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy discussion, 2025-03: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy discussion, 2025-04: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy discussion, 2025-05: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy discussion, 2025-06: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy discussion, 2025-07: 36.4% of 11Policy discussion, 2025-08: 60.0% of 10Policy discussion, 2025-09: 13.3% of 15Policy discussion, 2025-10: 14.3% of 21Policy discussion, 2025-11: 41.9% of 31Policy discussion, 2025-12: 52.0% of 25Policy discussion, 2026-01: 52.8% of 36Policy discussion, 2026-02: 46.7% of 30Policy discussion, 2026-03: 62.9% of 35Policy discussion, 2026-04: 51.5% of 33Policy discussion, 2026-05: 50.0% of 28Policy discussion, 2026-06: 52.2% of 23Policy discussion, 2026-07: 43.9% of 57Policy discussion, 2026-08: 65.8% of 38Policy discussion, 2026-09: 62.5% of 32Policy discussion, 2026-10: 67.9% of 56Bipartisanshippeak 21.1% · Aug ’26 · latest 0.0%Bipartisanship, 2025-01: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Bipartisanship, 2025-02: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Bipartisanship, 2025-03: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Bipartisanship, 2025-04: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Bipartisanship, 2025-05: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Bipartisanship, 2025-06: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Bipartisanship, 2025-07: 0.0% of 11Bipartisanship, 2025-08: 20.0% of 10Bipartisanship, 2025-09: 6.7% of 15Bipartisanship, 2025-10: 14.3% of 21Bipartisanship, 2025-11: 6.5% of 31Bipartisanship, 2025-12: 0.0% of 25Bipartisanship, 2026-01: 8.3% of 36Bipartisanship, 2026-02: 3.3% of 30Bipartisanship, 2026-03: 0.0% of 35Bipartisanship, 2026-04: 6.1% of 33Bipartisanship, 2026-05: 3.6% of 28Bipartisanship, 2026-06: 13.0% of 23Bipartisanship, 2026-07: 5.3% of 57Bipartisanship, 2026-08: 21.1% of 38Bipartisanship, 2026-09: 9.4% of 32Bipartisanship, 2026-10: 0.0% of 56Credit claimingpeak 60.0% · Aug ’25 · latest 25.0%Credit claiming, 2025-01: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Credit claiming, 2025-02: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Credit claiming, 2025-03: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Credit claiming, 2025-04: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Credit claiming, 2025-05: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Credit claiming, 2025-06: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Credit claiming, 2025-07: 27.3% of 11Credit claiming, 2025-08: 60.0% of 10Credit claiming, 2025-09: 26.7% of 15Credit claiming, 2025-10: 42.9% of 21Credit claiming, 2025-11: 35.5% of 31Credit claiming, 2025-12: 60.0% of 25Credit claiming, 2026-01: 36.1% of 36Credit claiming, 2026-02: 40.0% of 30Credit claiming, 2026-03: 48.6% of 35Credit claiming, 2026-04: 57.6% of 33Credit claiming, 2026-05: 53.6% of 28Credit claiming, 2026-06: 47.8% of 23Credit claiming, 2026-07: 17.5% of 57Credit claiming, 2026-08: 39.5% of 38Credit claiming, 2026-09: 31.3% of 32Credit claiming, 2026-10: 25.0% of 56Extreme labelspeak 9.1% · Jul ’25 · latest 0.0%Extreme labels, 2025-01: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Extreme labels, 2025-02: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Extreme labels, 2025-03: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Extreme labels, 2025-04: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Extreme labels, 2025-05: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Extreme labels, 2025-06: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Extreme labels, 2025-07: 9.1% of 11Extreme labels, 2025-08: 0.0% of 10Extreme labels, 2025-09: 0.0% of 15Extreme labels, 2025-10: 4.8% of 21Extreme labels, 2025-11: 0.0% of 31Extreme labels, 2025-12: 0.0% of 25Extreme labels, 2026-01: 2.8% of 36Extreme labels, 2026-02: 3.3% of 30Extreme labels, 2026-03: 0.0% of 35Extreme labels, 2026-04: 0.0% of 33Extreme labels, 2026-05: 0.0% of 28Extreme labels, 2026-06: 0.0% of 23Extreme labels, 2026-07: 0.0% of 57Extreme labels, 2026-08: 2.6% of 38Extreme labels, 2026-09: 3.1% of 32Extreme labels, 2026-10: 0.0% of 56Jan ’25Jul ’25Jan ’26Jul ’26Oct ’26
Show the data
Monthly rates for Hobbs, each row shaded against its own peak, with statement volume. Months with fewer than 10 statements are left blank.
ColumnStatementsPersonal attacksPolicy criticismPolicy discussionBipartisanshipCredit claimingExtreme labels
Jan ’250— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)
Feb ’250— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)
Mar ’252— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)
Apr ’253— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)
May ’258— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)
Jun ’259— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)
Jul ’25110.0%0.0%36.4%0.0%27.3%9.1%
Aug ’25100.0%0.0%60.0%20.0%60.0%0.0%
Sep ’25150.0%0.0%13.3%6.7%26.7%0.0%
Oct ’25210.0%0.0%14.3%14.3%42.9%4.8%
Nov ’25310.0%3.2%41.9%6.5%35.5%0.0%
Dec ’25250.0%0.0%52.0%0.0%60.0%0.0%
Jan ’26360.0%13.9%52.8%8.3%36.1%2.8%
Feb ’26300.0%13.3%46.7%3.3%40.0%3.3%
Mar ’26350.0%22.9%62.9%0.0%48.6%0.0%
Apr ’26330.0%12.1%51.5%6.1%57.6%0.0%
May ’26280.0%14.3%50.0%3.6%53.6%0.0%
Jun ’26230.0%17.4%52.2%13.0%47.8%0.0%
Jul ’26573.5%10.5%43.9%5.3%17.5%0.0%
Aug ’26382.6%5.3%65.8%21.1%39.5%2.6%
Sep ’26323.1%6.3%62.5%9.4%31.3%3.1%
Oct ’26561.8%5.4%67.9%0.0%25.0%0.0%
How to read the strips

Each row is one kind of statement; each cell is a month, shaded against that row’s own peak (darker = closer to the peak), with the peak and the latest value written at the right. The top row counts statements. The strip covers every month of the current term, the same span as the rates above, including months with no statements. A month with fewer than 10 statements is hatched, not shaded: one or two posts would swing its rate to 0% or 100%. 6 months are hatched here; 2 of them have no statements.

In Hobbs’s words

Real statements from the classifier’s example set, with the labels it assigned

Bipartisanship

The text of this post is on X; follow the source link to read it.

Sep 30, 2026 · Posts on X (governors) · policy discussion; bipartisanship; credit claiming; Economics and Public Finance; Taxation · Source

Personal attacks

The text of this post is on X; follow the source link to read it.

Oct 6, 2026 · Posts on X (governors) · personal attacks; policy discussion; credit claiming; Families; target: Andy Biggs · Source

Extreme label

The text of this post is on X; follow the source link to read it.

Sep 10, 2026 · Posts on X (governors) · policy discussion; bipartisanship; credit claiming; Economics and Public Finance; extreme label “extreme” aimed at partisan agenda · Source

Examples by category

Up to five recent statements in each category

Category

Overtly questions a named person’s character, integrity or loyalty, or calls them names. Criticising a record or a policy does not count.

  1. Posts on X (governors)

    The text of this post is on X; follow the source link to read it.

    personal attacks · policy discussion · credit claiming · Families · target: Andy BiggsSource

  2. Posts on X (governors)

    The text of this post is on X; follow the source link to read it.

    personal attacks · policy discussion · Economics and Public Finance · target: Andy BiggsSource

  3. Posts on X (governors)

    The text of this post is on X; follow the source link to read it.

    personal attacks · target: Andy BiggsSource

  4. Posts on X (governors)

    The text of this post is on X; follow the source link to read it.

    personal attacks · target: Andy BiggsSource

  5. Posts on X (governors)

    The text of this post is on X; follow the source link to read it.

    personal attacks · target: Andy BiggsSource

All 503 statements

Newest first, the current term

The full feed

Five statements at a time, newest first; filters apply to the statements loaded so far. Export saves the statements that match. Sources: 503 posts on X.

Back to topNext: Policy

Policy

Economics and Public Finance is what Hobbs talks about most: 20% of policy statements. Peers give it 20%.

Each policy statement is tagged by the AI model with one or more of 25 policy areas from the Congressional Research Service list, so the shares say what Hobbs talks about. The bills Hobbs sponsors and cosponsors carry the same areas, so the two can be compared.

What Hobbs talks about

Share of policy statements by area, the current term

0%35%
Hobbs
Peers
Economics and Public Finance51 statements
20%
20%
Health42 statements
17%
21%
Government Operations and Politics37 statements
15%
17%
Families27 statements
11%
4%
Labor and Employment27 statements
11%
7%
Show the data
Policy areas Hobbs talks about, as a share of policy statements, against the Democratic governors average.
RowHobbsPeers
Economics and Public Finance20%20%
Health17%21%
Government Operations and Politics15%17%
Families11%4%
Labor and Employment11%7%
How to read the bars

The thick bar is the share of Hobbs’s policy statements in an area; the thin grey bar is the average share for Democratic governors. A statement counts once in each of its areas, so shares can add to more than 100%. The five largest areas are shown; the toggle shows the rest.

Talks about · legislates on

Left: share of statements by policy area. Right: share of bills. Areas in order of their share of statements; both sides run from 0 to 35%. Grey ticks are the Democratic governors averages.

Governors do not sponsor bills, so there is nothing to compare.

What agreement means, and what it doesn’t

Agreement is 1 minus the distance between the two distributions (Jensen–Shannon): 1 means Hobbs legislates on exactly the areas Hobbs talks about, in the same proportions; 0 means no overlap. It does not say whether the bills match the positions in the statements, only the subjects. Bills Hobbs sponsored count fully, cosponsored bills a quarter. Shown with at least 20 policy statements and 5 bills.

Back to topNext: Ideology

Ideology

Hobbs sits at −1.14 on the CSIP scale, left of 0, more liberal than 98% of Democratic governors. Approximate range −1.17 to −1.11, which understates the uncertainty; from 132,255 donors and no roll calls.

CSIP, the lab’s Common-Space Ideal Point, places every official, federal and state, on one left–right scale, estimated from roll-call votes, who gives money to whom, and the text of statements. Negative is left of 0, positive right of it; 0 is the centre of the scale, not a definition of “moderate”.

−1.14

CSIP ideal point

Approximate range −1.17 to −1.11. From 132,255 donors and no roll calls. Run 2026-10-25T215945. Blue is left of 0, red right of 0.

← More liberalMore conservative →0Hobbs −1.1Democratic governors −0.8Governors +0.4

The outlined dot is Hobbs, coloured by its side of 0 (blue left, red right, deeper further out); the bar through it is the approximate range (±1.96 standard errors), which understates the uncertainty; the grey ticks below are the medians of Hobbs’s groups. 0 is the centre of the scale, not “moderate” by definition.

What this means, and what it doesn’t

The score summarises how an official votes, who funds them and how they talk, relative to everyone else. It does not grade positions as good or bad, and two officials with the same score can differ on any single issue. The ± range is 1.96 standard errors, which understates the uncertainty: scores whose ranges overlap may not differ at all, and even scores whose ranges do not overlap may not differ.

Where Hobbs sits

Every official in each group, on the CSIP scale

−2.0−1.00.0+1.0+2.0← More liberalMore conservative →Democratic governorsmedian −0.8Hobbs −1.1Governorsmedian +0.4
Show the data
Hobbs's CSIP score of −1.14 placed against Democratic governors, Governors.
GroupOfficialsMedianShare left of Hobbs
Democratic governors23−0.80%
Governors48+0.40%
How to read the strips

Every small dot is one official on the same scale, coloured by its own score (blue left of 0, red right of 0, grey at 0, deeper further out) and spread up and down only to keep dots apart; where a group is crowded the dots overlap, and darker patches mean more officials. The large outlined dot is Hobbs in every row; the rule is each group’s median. The table under the figure gives the share of each group to the left of Hobbs.

Back to topNext: Money

Money

No campaign-finance data.No campaign-finance records are matched to this governor yet.

Back to topNext: Votes

Votes

No roll-call votes for the current term.Governors do not cast roll-call votes.

Back to topNext: Legislation

Legislation

No bills for the current term.Governors do not sponsor bills.

Back to topNext: Online

Online

The lab crawls Hobbs’s official and campaign websites (weekly for Congress, monthly for the states) and keeps every page’s text, so changes can be read later; it also records social accounts and describes the images Hobbs posts with a vision model.

Websites

No websites are tracked for this official.

How to read the counts

“Pages crawled” is the size of the site at the last crawl; “changes in 90 days” counts pages whose text differed from the previous crawl. Sites change for many routine reasons, such as new press releases, so a high count is not by itself notable.

Social accounts

Images Hobbs posted

No images from Hobbs’s posts have been described.

About the descriptions

Written by a vision model and may be wrong. Open the post to see the original. Five are shown; the toggle shows the rest.

Back to topNext: Methods and sources

Methods and sources

How this page was made. Profile built Oct 28, 2026; site last built Oct 28, 2026. Every number on the page is computed from the sources listed here, by the same rules for every official; nothing is written by hand.

The headline

The headline is the measure on which Hobbs is most unusual among Democratic governors, chosen by one rule for every official of every party. The candidates are the rate of each kind of statement and of extreme labels, party unity, attendance, the small-donor share, the in-state share and total receipts of the latest cycle, the share of sponsored bills that got out of committee, talk-to-bills agreement, and the CSIP score’s place within the party group.

The builder ranks every measure within the same peer group the page compares it with, and writes each official’s percentile: the share of the group below the value, ties counting half, so 0.5 is the median and a value shared by many never ranks first. A measure’s score is how far that percentile sits from the median (0 in the middle, 0.5 at either end), and the highest score leads if it is above 0.25, outside the middle half of the group. Scores within 0.03 of each other are a tie, broken in this order: votes against the party majority, kinds of statement, ideology, roll calls missed, small donations, in-state money, legislation, agreement, extreme labels, receipts.

A measure counts only with at least 200 statements, 100 roll calls or 5 sponsored bills behind it and a peer group of at least 10. Two things never lead: high party unity or attendance, where most members sit, and a high rate of a kind of statement backed by fewer than 10 statements. When nothing qualifies, the headline is a neutral fact instead: statements classified, or years in office. The wording always names the direction (“in the bottom 5% of …”, “votes against the majority of …”).

Identifiers

Profile id
gov-AZ-katie-hobbs
Governor id
AZ-katie-hobbs

Bulk files with the same data for every official:

Freshness of this profile’s data

  • What politicians sayOct 27, 20261 days agoMembers of Congress: tweets since 2017; press releases, newsletters and floor speeches since 2022. State legislators: tweets since May 2024. Governors: tweets since January 2025. Labels from an LLM classifier.
  • Ideology (CSIP)Oct 25, 20263 days agoCommon-Space Ideal Points (CSIP), current validated run.
  • ImagesOct 28, 2026todayImages in members' tweets with vision-model descriptions.

How the measures work

What politicians say
Every post, press release, newsletter and congressional floor speech is read by a language model and marked for personal attacks, policy criticism, policy discussion, bipartisanship and credit claiming. A statement can be in several. Rates are shares of statements in the window. The methods paper.
Extreme labels
A statement has an extreme label when it calls a politician, party or policy “far left”, “far right”, “MAGA”, “extreme”, “radical”, “woke”, “fascist” or “communist”. The target is who the label is aimed at.
Policy areas and agreement
Statements and bills share 25 Congressional Research Service policy areas (state bills are assigned by a language model). Agreement is 1 − Jensen–Shannon distance between the two distributions, shown with at least 20 policy statements and 5 bills.
Ideology (CSIP)
Common-Space Ideal Points place federal and state officials on one left–right scale, estimated jointly from roll calls, campaign contributions and the text of statements, with standard errors. Only a validated run is shown. The methods paper.
Campaign money
Campaigns report by name only donors who give more than $200 in a cycle; smaller gifts are reported as one total. Federal totals and the small-donor share come from the FEC’s financial summaries of each campaign committee. Donor counts, donor states, employers and occupations cover itemized donors only. State filings report no small-gift totals, so state figures are itemized only. The lab never publishes donor names.
Votes and key votes
Attendance, party unity and the count of votes against the majority of an official’s own party come from roll calls (Voteview for Congress, chamber records for the states). Key votes are final-passage or override votes that became law, were decided by under 10%, saw at least 10% of a party vote against its majority, or concerned one of the 25 bills most mentioned in officials’ statements.
Peers and ranks
Comparisons are with the same party, chamber and level (for example House Democrats); state legislators are compared within their state and chamber for votes. Every comparison names its group. Rank 1 is the highest value in the group; tied values share the average of their ranks, and the percentile is the share of the group below the value, ties counting half.

America’s Political Pulse · Polarization Research Lab

Back to top