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Democrat · Governor of Pennsylvania

Portrait of Josh Shapiro, rendered as a two-tone print
Official portrait
65%
of statements discuss policy, in the top quarter of Democratic governors

65% of 764 statements discuss policy (500 statements); the average for Democratic governors is 49%. Ranks 3rd of 21, where 1st is the highest rate.

An AI model reads each of Shapiro’s posts on X and marks whether it discusses a specific policy. The rate is the share of statements marked; it is compared with the average among Democratic governors and ranked against the same group.

At a glance

6 measures against Democratic governors. 41% of Shapiro’s statements claim credit, 1.6 times the Democratic governor average of 26%. 7.5% of Shapiro’s statements contain a personal attack, 1.8 times the Democratic governor average of 4.2%.

The measures on which Shapiro sits furthest from the middle of Democratic governors, each against the same group, with the CSIP score when there is one. Every number is explained in its own section below.

Policy discussion

65%

Democratic governors average 49% · ranks 3rd of 21

Credit claiming

41%

Democratic governors average 26% · ranks 3rd of 21

Personal attacks

7.5%

Democratic governors average 4.2% · ranks 5th of 21

Bipartisanship

4.8%

Democratic governors average 3.7% · ranks 7th of 21

Extreme labels

0.5%

Democratic governors average 1.7% · ranks 15th of 21

CSIP ideology

−0.81

More liberal than 63% of Democratic governors · ± 0.04

Peer group: Democratic governors. Rank 1 is the highest value in the group; the thick bar is Shapiro, the thin grey bar the peer average. The headline is the measure on which Shapiro is most unusual among peers (Methods, §08).

Back to topNext: What politicians say

What Shapiro says

Shapiro attacks opponents personally more than 76% of Democratic governors. Personal attacks in 7.5% of 764 statements, against 4.2% for the average Democratic governor; 5th of 21.

An AI model reads each of Shapiro’s 764 statements in the current term (764 posts on X) and marks the kinds of statement it contains: a personal attack, criticism of a policy, discussion of policy, bipartisanship, credit claiming, and extreme labels. A statement can carry several. Every rate is compared with the average for Democratic governors and ranked among them.

Kinds of statement

Share of statements carrying each label, the current term

0%80%
Shapiro
Peers
Rank
Policy discussion500 statements
65%
49%
3rd of 21
Credit claiming313 statements
41%
26%
3rd of 21
Policy criticism103 statements
13%
14%
13th of 21
Personal attacks57 statements
7%
4%
5th of 21
Bipartisanship37 statements
5%
4%
7th of 21
Show the data
Shapiro's share of statements in each category against the Democratic governors average.
RowShapiroPeers
Policy discussion65%49%
Credit claiming41%26%
Policy criticism13%14%
Personal attacks7%4%
Bipartisanship5%4%
764

statements classified

764 posts on X.

posts on X: 764 (100.0%)posts on X 764
Show the data
Shapiro's statements by source
PartValue
posts on X764
How to read the bars

The thick bar is Shapiro; the thin grey bar is the average Democratic governors. A longer thick bar means Shapiro does this more than peers. Rank 1 is the highest rate in the group.

Extreme labels

Shapiro used extreme labels in 0.5% of statements, 31% of the peer average. 4 statements, most often aimed at candidate; peers 1.7%.

  1. “extreme”2

Who gets the labels

Targets named alongside an extreme label, by number of statements

  1. candidate1
  2. Donald Trump1
  3. President1
What an extreme label is

Calls a politician, a party or a policy “far left”, “far right”, “MAGA”, “extreme”, “radical”, “woke”, “fascist” or “communist”. The target is who or what the label was aimed at. The lists show the five most used labels and targets; the toggle shows the rest.

Month by month

Share of statements per month, the current term

Statements2025-01: 02025-02: 12025-03: 12025-04: 02025-05: 02025-06: 12025-07: 42025-08: 02025-09: 02025-10: 132025-11: 242025-12: 92026-01: 772026-02: 732026-03: 622026-04: 592026-05: 762026-06: 652026-07: 622026-08: 722026-09: 652026-10: 100peak 100 · Oct ’26Personal attackspeak 20.0% · Sep ’26 · latest 6.0%Personal attacks, 2025-01: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Personal attacks, 2025-02: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Personal attacks, 2025-03: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Personal attacks, 2025-04: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Personal attacks, 2025-05: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Personal attacks, 2025-06: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Personal attacks, 2025-07: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Personal attacks, 2025-08: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Personal attacks, 2025-09: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Personal attacks, 2025-10: 0.0% of 13Personal attacks, 2025-11: 12.5% of 24Personal attacks, 2025-12: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Personal attacks, 2026-01: 2.6% of 77Personal attacks, 2026-02: 1.4% of 73Personal attacks, 2026-03: 4.8% of 62Personal attacks, 2026-04: 5.1% of 59Personal attacks, 2026-05: 11.8% of 76Personal attacks, 2026-06: 9.2% of 65Personal attacks, 2026-07: 9.7% of 62Personal attacks, 2026-08: 4.2% of 72Personal attacks, 2026-09: 20.0% of 65Personal attacks, 2026-10: 6.0% of 100Policy criticismpeak 22.6% · Mar ’26 · latest 3.0%Policy criticism, 2025-01: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy criticism, 2025-02: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy criticism, 2025-03: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy criticism, 2025-04: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy criticism, 2025-05: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy criticism, 2025-06: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy criticism, 2025-07: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy criticism, 2025-08: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy criticism, 2025-09: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy criticism, 2025-10: 15.4% of 13Policy criticism, 2025-11: 4.2% of 24Policy criticism, 2025-12: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy criticism, 2026-01: 13.0% of 77Policy criticism, 2026-02: 21.9% of 73Policy criticism, 2026-03: 22.6% of 62Policy criticism, 2026-04: 22.0% of 59Policy criticism, 2026-05: 15.8% of 76Policy criticism, 2026-06: 16.9% of 65Policy criticism, 2026-07: 14.5% of 62Policy criticism, 2026-08: 6.9% of 72Policy criticism, 2026-09: 0.0% of 65Policy criticism, 2026-10: 3.0% of 100Policy discussionpeak 93.1% · Aug ’26 · latest 51.0%Policy discussion, 2025-01: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy discussion, 2025-02: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy discussion, 2025-03: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy discussion, 2025-04: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy discussion, 2025-05: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy discussion, 2025-06: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy discussion, 2025-07: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy discussion, 2025-08: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy discussion, 2025-09: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy discussion, 2025-10: 53.8% of 13Policy discussion, 2025-11: 20.8% of 24Policy discussion, 2025-12: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Policy discussion, 2026-01: 44.2% of 77Policy discussion, 2026-02: 72.6% of 73Policy discussion, 2026-03: 79.0% of 62Policy discussion, 2026-04: 71.2% of 59Policy discussion, 2026-05: 50.0% of 76Policy discussion, 2026-06: 70.8% of 65Policy discussion, 2026-07: 77.4% of 62Policy discussion, 2026-08: 93.1% of 72Policy discussion, 2026-09: 81.5% of 65Policy discussion, 2026-10: 51.0% of 100Bipartisanshippeak 9.7% · Mar ’26 · latest 1.0%Bipartisanship, 2025-01: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Bipartisanship, 2025-02: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Bipartisanship, 2025-03: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Bipartisanship, 2025-04: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Bipartisanship, 2025-05: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Bipartisanship, 2025-06: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Bipartisanship, 2025-07: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Bipartisanship, 2025-08: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Bipartisanship, 2025-09: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Bipartisanship, 2025-10: 7.7% of 13Bipartisanship, 2025-11: 8.3% of 24Bipartisanship, 2025-12: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Bipartisanship, 2026-01: 9.1% of 77Bipartisanship, 2026-02: 9.6% of 73Bipartisanship, 2026-03: 9.7% of 62Bipartisanship, 2026-04: 5.1% of 59Bipartisanship, 2026-05: 7.9% of 76Bipartisanship, 2026-06: 4.6% of 65Bipartisanship, 2026-07: 0.0% of 62Bipartisanship, 2026-08: 0.0% of 72Bipartisanship, 2026-09: 0.0% of 65Bipartisanship, 2026-10: 1.0% of 100Credit claimingpeak 60.0% · Jun ’26 · latest 23.0%Credit claiming, 2025-01: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Credit claiming, 2025-02: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Credit claiming, 2025-03: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Credit claiming, 2025-04: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Credit claiming, 2025-05: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Credit claiming, 2025-06: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Credit claiming, 2025-07: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Credit claiming, 2025-08: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Credit claiming, 2025-09: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Credit claiming, 2025-10: 15.4% of 13Credit claiming, 2025-11: 16.7% of 24Credit claiming, 2025-12: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Credit claiming, 2026-01: 46.8% of 77Credit claiming, 2026-02: 52.0% of 73Credit claiming, 2026-03: 56.5% of 62Credit claiming, 2026-04: 55.9% of 59Credit claiming, 2026-05: 35.5% of 76Credit claiming, 2026-06: 60.0% of 65Credit claiming, 2026-07: 32.3% of 62Credit claiming, 2026-08: 48.6% of 72Credit claiming, 2026-09: 29.2% of 65Credit claiming, 2026-10: 23.0% of 100Extreme labelspeak 1.6% · Mar ’26 · latest 0.0%Extreme labels, 2025-01: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Extreme labels, 2025-02: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Extreme labels, 2025-03: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Extreme labels, 2025-04: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Extreme labels, 2025-05: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Extreme labels, 2025-06: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Extreme labels, 2025-07: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Extreme labels, 2025-08: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Extreme labels, 2025-09: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Extreme labels, 2025-10: 0.0% of 13Extreme labels, 2025-11: 0.0% of 24Extreme labels, 2025-12: not plotted (fewer than 10 statements)Extreme labels, 2026-01: 1.3% of 77Extreme labels, 2026-02: 0.0% of 73Extreme labels, 2026-03: 1.6% of 62Extreme labels, 2026-04: 0.0% of 59Extreme labels, 2026-05: 0.0% of 76Extreme labels, 2026-06: 0.0% of 65Extreme labels, 2026-07: 1.6% of 62Extreme labels, 2026-08: 0.0% of 72Extreme labels, 2026-09: 0.0% of 65Extreme labels, 2026-10: 0.0% of 100Jan ’25Jul ’25Jan ’26Jul ’26Oct ’26
Show the data
Monthly rates for Shapiro, each row shaded against its own peak, with statement volume. Months with fewer than 10 statements are left blank.
ColumnStatementsPersonal attacksPolicy criticismPolicy discussionBipartisanshipCredit claimingExtreme labels
Jan ’250— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)
Feb ’251— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)
Mar ’251— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)
Apr ’250— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)
May ’250— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)
Jun ’251— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)
Jul ’254— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)
Aug ’250— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)
Sep ’250— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)
Oct ’25130.0%15.4%53.8%7.7%15.4%0.0%
Nov ’252412.5%4.2%20.8%8.3%16.7%0.0%
Dec ’259— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)— (fewer than 10 statements)
Jan ’26772.6%13.0%44.2%9.1%46.8%1.3%
Feb ’26731.4%21.9%72.6%9.6%52.0%0.0%
Mar ’26624.8%22.6%79.0%9.7%56.5%1.6%
Apr ’26595.1%22.0%71.2%5.1%55.9%0.0%
May ’267611.8%15.8%50.0%7.9%35.5%0.0%
Jun ’26659.2%16.9%70.8%4.6%60.0%0.0%
Jul ’26629.7%14.5%77.4%0.0%32.3%1.6%
Aug ’26724.2%6.9%93.1%0.0%48.6%0.0%
Sep ’266520.0%0.0%81.5%0.0%29.2%0.0%
Oct ’261006.0%3.0%51.0%1.0%23.0%0.0%
How to read the strips

Each row is one kind of statement; each cell is a month, shaded against that row’s own peak (darker = closer to the peak), with the peak and the latest value written at the right. The top row counts statements. The strip covers every month of the current term, the same span as the rates above, including months with no statements. A month with fewer than 10 statements is hatched, not shaded: one or two posts would swing its rate to 0% or 100%. 10 months are hatched here; 5 of them have no statements.

In Shapiro’s words

Real statements from the classifier’s example set, with the labels it assigned

Credit claiming

The text of this post is on X; follow the source link to read it.

Oct 24, 2026 · Posts on X (governors) · policy criticism; policy discussion; credit claiming; Government Operations and Politics · Source

Personal attacks

The text of this post is on X; follow the source link to read it.

Oct 20, 2026 · Posts on X (governors) · personal attacks; policy discussion; Health; Economics and Public Finance; target: Rob Bresnahan · Source

Extreme label

The text of this post is on X; follow the source link to read it.

Jul 8, 2026 · Posts on X (governors) · extreme label “extreme” aimed at President · Source

Examples by category

Up to five recent statements in each category

Category

Overtly questions a named person’s character, integrity or loyalty, or calls them names. Criticising a record or a policy does not count.

  1. Posts on X (governors)

    The text of this post is on X; follow the source link to read it.

    personal attacks · policy discussion · Health · Economics and Public Finance · target: Rob BresnahanSource

  2. Posts on X (governors)

    The text of this post is on X; follow the source link to read it.

    personal attacks · target: Rob BresnahanSource

  3. Posts on X (governors)

    The text of this post is on X; follow the source link to read it.

    personal attacks · policy discussion · Health · Taxation · target: Donald TrumpSource

  4. Posts on X (governors)

    The text of this post is on X; follow the source link to read it.

    personal attacks · policy discussion · Government Operations and Politics · target: Donald TrumpSource

  5. Posts on X (governors)

    The text of this post is on X; follow the source link to read it.

    personal attacks · target: Donald TrumpSource

All 764 statements

Newest first, the current term

The full feed

Five statements at a time, newest first; filters apply to the statements loaded so far. Export saves the statements that match. Sources: 764 posts on X.

Back to topNext: Policy

Policy

Economics and Public Finance is what Shapiro talks about most: 28% of policy statements, above the peer share. Peers give it 20%.

Each policy statement is tagged by the AI model with one or more of 25 policy areas from the Congressional Research Service list, so the shares say what Shapiro talks about. The bills Shapiro sponsors and cosponsors carry the same areas, so the two can be compared.

What Shapiro talks about

Share of policy statements by area, the current term

0%35%
Shapiro
Peers
Economics and Public Finance139 statements
28%
20%
Government Operations and Politics87 statements
17%
17%
Labor and Employment87 statements
17%
7%
Education86 statements
17%
12%
Health73 statements
15%
21%
Show the data
Policy areas Shapiro talks about, as a share of policy statements, against the Democratic governors average.
RowShapiroPeers
Economics and Public Finance28%20%
Government Operations and Politics17%17%
Labor and Employment17%7%
Education17%12%
Health15%21%
How to read the bars

The thick bar is the share of Shapiro’s policy statements in an area; the thin grey bar is the average share for Democratic governors. A statement counts once in each of its areas, so shares can add to more than 100%. The five largest areas are shown; the toggle shows the rest.

Talks about · legislates on

Left: share of statements by policy area. Right: share of bills. Areas in order of their share of statements; both sides run from 0 to 35%. Grey ticks are the Democratic governors averages.

Governors do not sponsor bills, so there is nothing to compare.

What agreement means, and what it doesn’t

Agreement is 1 minus the distance between the two distributions (Jensen–Shannon): 1 means Shapiro legislates on exactly the areas Shapiro talks about, in the same proportions; 0 means no overlap. It does not say whether the bills match the positions in the statements, only the subjects. Bills Shapiro sponsored count fully, cosponsored bills a quarter. Shown with at least 20 policy statements and 5 bills.

Back to topNext: Ideology

Ideology

Shapiro sits at −0.81 on the CSIP scale, left of 0, more liberal than 63% of Democratic governors. Approximate range −0.85 to −0.77, which understates the uncertainty; from 69,116 donors and no roll calls.

CSIP, the lab’s Common-Space Ideal Point, places every official, federal and state, on one left–right scale, estimated from roll-call votes, who gives money to whom, and the text of statements. Negative is left of 0, positive right of it; 0 is the centre of the scale, not a definition of “moderate”.

−0.81

CSIP ideal point

Approximate range −0.85 to −0.77. From 69,116 donors and no roll calls. Run 2026-10-25T215945. Blue is left of 0, red right of 0.

← More liberalMore conservative →0Shapiro −0.8Democratic governors −0.8Governors +0.4

The outlined dot is Shapiro, coloured by its side of 0 (blue left, red right, deeper further out); the bar through it is the approximate range (±1.96 standard errors), which understates the uncertainty; the grey ticks below are the medians of Shapiro’s groups. 0 is the centre of the scale, not “moderate” by definition.

What this means, and what it doesn’t

The score summarises how an official votes, who funds them and how they talk, relative to everyone else. It does not grade positions as good or bad, and two officials with the same score can differ on any single issue. The ± range is 1.96 standard errors, which understates the uncertainty: scores whose ranges overlap may not differ at all, and even scores whose ranges do not overlap may not differ.

Where Shapiro sits

Every official in each group, on the CSIP scale

−2.0−1.00.0+1.0+2.0← More liberalMore conservative →Democratic governorsmedian −0.8Shapiro −0.8Governorsmedian +0.4
Show the data
Shapiro's CSIP score of −0.81 placed against Democratic governors, Governors.
GroupOfficialsMedianShare left of Shapiro
Democratic governors23−0.835%
Governors48+0.417%
How to read the strips

Every small dot is one official on the same scale, coloured by its own score (blue left of 0, red right of 0, grey at 0, deeper further out) and spread up and down only to keep dots apart; where a group is crowded the dots overlap, and darker patches mean more officials. The large outlined dot is Shapiro in every row; the rule is each group’s median. The table under the figure gives the share of each group to the left of Shapiro.

Back to topNext: Money

Money

No campaign-finance data.No campaign-finance records are matched to this governor yet.

Back to topNext: Votes

Votes

No roll-call votes for the current term.Governors do not cast roll-call votes.

Back to topNext: Legislation

Legislation

No bills for the current term.Governors do not sponsor bills.

Back to topNext: Online

Online

The lab crawls Shapiro’s official and campaign websites (weekly for Congress, monthly for the states) and keeps every page’s text, so changes can be read later; it also records social accounts and describes the images Shapiro posts with a vision model.

Websites

No websites are tracked for this official.

How to read the counts

“Pages crawled” is the size of the site at the last crawl; “changes in 90 days” counts pages whose text differed from the previous crawl. Sites change for many routine reasons, such as new press releases, so a high count is not by itself notable.

Social accounts

Images Shapiro posted

No images from Shapiro’s posts have been described.

About the descriptions

Written by a vision model and may be wrong. Open the post to see the original. Five are shown; the toggle shows the rest.

Back to topNext: Methods and sources

Methods and sources

How this page was made. Profile built Oct 28, 2026; site last built Oct 28, 2026. Every number on the page is computed from the sources listed here, by the same rules for every official; nothing is written by hand.

The headline

The headline is the measure on which Shapiro is most unusual among Democratic governors, chosen by one rule for every official of every party. The candidates are the rate of each kind of statement and of extreme labels, party unity, attendance, the small-donor share, the in-state share and total receipts of the latest cycle, the share of sponsored bills that got out of committee, talk-to-bills agreement, and the CSIP score’s place within the party group.

The builder ranks every measure within the same peer group the page compares it with, and writes each official’s percentile: the share of the group below the value, ties counting half, so 0.5 is the median and a value shared by many never ranks first. A measure’s score is how far that percentile sits from the median (0 in the middle, 0.5 at either end), and the highest score leads if it is above 0.25, outside the middle half of the group. Scores within 0.03 of each other are a tie, broken in this order: votes against the party majority, kinds of statement, ideology, roll calls missed, small donations, in-state money, legislation, agreement, extreme labels, receipts.

A measure counts only with at least 200 statements, 100 roll calls or 5 sponsored bills behind it and a peer group of at least 10. Two things never lead: high party unity or attendance, where most members sit, and a high rate of a kind of statement backed by fewer than 10 statements. When nothing qualifies, the headline is a neutral fact instead: statements classified, or years in office. The wording always names the direction (“in the bottom 5% of …”, “votes against the majority of …”).

Identifiers

Profile id
gov-PA-josh-shapiro
Governor id
PA-josh-shapiro

Bulk files with the same data for every official:

Freshness of this profile’s data

  • What politicians sayOct 27, 20261 days agoMembers of Congress: tweets since 2017; press releases, newsletters and floor speeches since 2022. State legislators: tweets since May 2024. Governors: tweets since January 2025. Labels from an LLM classifier.
  • Ideology (CSIP)Oct 25, 20263 days agoCommon-Space Ideal Points (CSIP), current validated run.
  • ImagesOct 28, 2026todayImages in members' tweets with vision-model descriptions.

How the measures work

What politicians say
Every post, press release, newsletter and congressional floor speech is read by a language model and marked for personal attacks, policy criticism, policy discussion, bipartisanship and credit claiming. A statement can be in several. Rates are shares of statements in the window. The methods paper.
Extreme labels
A statement has an extreme label when it calls a politician, party or policy “far left”, “far right”, “MAGA”, “extreme”, “radical”, “woke”, “fascist” or “communist”. The target is who the label is aimed at.
Policy areas and agreement
Statements and bills share 25 Congressional Research Service policy areas (state bills are assigned by a language model). Agreement is 1 − Jensen–Shannon distance between the two distributions, shown with at least 20 policy statements and 5 bills.
Ideology (CSIP)
Common-Space Ideal Points place federal and state officials on one left–right scale, estimated jointly from roll calls, campaign contributions and the text of statements, with standard errors. Only a validated run is shown. The methods paper.
Campaign money
Campaigns report by name only donors who give more than $200 in a cycle; smaller gifts are reported as one total. Federal totals and the small-donor share come from the FEC’s financial summaries of each campaign committee. Donor counts, donor states, employers and occupations cover itemized donors only. State filings report no small-gift totals, so state figures are itemized only. The lab never publishes donor names.
Votes and key votes
Attendance, party unity and the count of votes against the majority of an official’s own party come from roll calls (Voteview for Congress, chamber records for the states). Key votes are final-passage or override votes that became law, were decided by under 10%, saw at least 10% of a party vote against its majority, or concerned one of the 25 bills most mentioned in officials’ statements.
Peers and ranks
Comparisons are with the same party, chamber and level (for example House Democrats); state legislators are compared within their state and chamber for votes. Every comparison names its group. Rank 1 is the highest value in the group; tied values share the average of their ranks, and the percentile is the share of the group below the value, ties counting half.

America’s Political Pulse · Polarization Research Lab

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