Policy discussion
The text of this post is on X; follow the source link to read it.
Jan 25, 2025 · Posts on X (state legislators) · policy criticism; policy discussion; Agriculture and Food; Taxation · Source
61%
of sponsored bills got out of committee, in the top quarter of the Maryland House
61% of 117 sponsored bills got out of committee; the average for the Maryland House is 49%. Ranks 33rd of 140, where 1st is the highest share.
The share of bills Ziegler sponsored that a committee reported out or a chamber passed, ranked within the Maryland House. Members of the majority party and committee chairs move more bills, so the rank reflects position as well as effort.
At a glance
6 measures against the Maryland House. Ziegler voted against the majority of Maryland House Democrats 28 times; party unity 97.1%, in the bottom half of the Maryland House (average 97.0%). Ziegler sits at −0.55 on the CSIP scale, more conservative than 62% of State House Democrats.
The measures on which Ziegler sits furthest from the middle of the Maryland House, each against the same group, with the CSIP score when there is one. Every number is explained in its own section below.
Out of committee
61%
Maryland House average 49% · ranks 33rd of 140
Party unity
97.1%
Maryland House average 97.0% · ranks 100th of 136 · 28 votes against the majority of Maryland House Democrats
CSIP ideology
−0.55
More conservative than 62% of State House Democrats · ± 0.07
Attendance
96.4%
Maryland House average 94.3% · ranks 81st of 137 · 2,779 roll calls
Itemized, 2026
$30.7K
State House Democrats’ median $40.4K · ranks 1175th of 2,082
From Maryland, 2026
94%
Of itemized individual dollars · ranks 883rd of 1,983 State House Democrats
Peer group: Maryland House. Rank 1 is the highest value in the group; the thick bar is Ziegler, the thin grey bar the peer average. The headline is the measure on which Ziegler is most unusual among peers (Methods, §08).
What Ziegler says
Ziegler stresses bipartisanship less than 88% of State House Democrats. Bipartisanship in 0% of 9 statements, against 2.9% for the average State House Democrat; 676th of 765.
An AI model reads each of Ziegler’s 9 statements in the MD 2025–26 session (9 posts on X) and marks the kinds of statement it contains: a personal attack, criticism of a policy, discussion of policy, bipartisanship, credit claiming, and extreme labels. A statement can carry several. Every rate is compared with the average for State House Democrats and ranked among them.
Kinds of statement
Share of statements carrying each label, the MD 2025–26 session
0%80%
Ziegler
Peers
Rank
Policy discussion3 statements
33%
39%
481st of 765
Credit claiming2 statements
22%
14%
196th of 765
Policy criticism1 statements
11%
10%
283rd of 765
Personal attacks0 statements
0%
3%
584th of 765
Bipartisanship0 statements
0%
3%
676th of 765
Show the data
| Row | Ziegler | Peers |
|---|---|---|
| Policy discussion | 33% | 39% |
| Credit claiming | 22% | 14% |
| Policy criticism | 11% | 10% |
| Personal attacks | 0% | 3% |
| Bipartisanship | 0% | 3% |
9
statements classified
9 posts on X.
Show the data
| Part | Value |
|---|---|
| posts on X | 9 |
How to read the bars
The thick bar is Ziegler; the thin grey bar is the average State House Democrats. A longer thick bar means Ziegler does this more than peers. Rank 1 is the highest rate in the group.
Extreme labels
Ziegler used no extreme labels in 9 statements. The peer average is 1.0%.
No extreme labels in this window.
Who gets the labels
Targets named alongside an extreme label, by number of statements
No targets recorded.
What an extreme label is
Calls a politician, a party or a policy “far left”, “far right”, “MAGA”, “extreme”, “radical”, “woke”, “fascist” or “communist”. The target is who or what the label was aimed at. The lists show the five most used labels and targets; the toggle shows the rest.
Month by month
Share of statements per month, the MD 2025–26 session
No month in this window has 10 or more statements, too few to chart month by month.
How to read the strips
Each row is one kind of statement; each cell is a month, shaded against that row’s own peak (darker = closer to the peak), with the peak and the latest value written at the right. The top row counts statements. The strip covers every month of the MD 2025–26 session, the same span as the rates above, including months with no statements. A month with fewer than 10 statements is hatched, not shaded: one or two posts would swing its rate to 0% or 100%. 22 months are hatched here; 16 of them have no statements.
In Ziegler’s words
Real statements from the classifier’s example set, with the labels it assigned
Credit claiming
The text of this post is on X; follow the source link to read it.
Apr 6, 2025 · Posts on X (state legislators) · policy discussion; credit claiming; Agriculture and Food; Taxation · Source
Examples by category
Up to five recent statements in each category
Overtly questions a named person’s character, integrity or loyalty, or calls them names. Criticising a record or a policy does not count.
No statements in this category in this window.
All 9 statements
Newest first, the MD 2025–26 session
The full feed
Five statements at a time, newest first; filters apply to the statements loaded so far. Export saves the statements that match. Sources: 9 posts on X.
Policy
Agriculture and Food is what Ziegler talks about most: 100% of policy statements, 21.7 times the peer share. Peers give it 4.6%. Agreement with legislation needs at least 20 policy statements and 5 bills.
Each policy statement is tagged by the AI model with one or more of 25 policy areas from the Congressional Research Service list, so the shares say what Ziegler talks about. The bills Ziegler sponsors and cosponsors carry the same areas, so the two can be compared.
What Ziegler talks about
Share of policy statements by area, the MD 2025–26 session
0%100%
Ziegler
Peers
Agriculture and Food3 statements
100%
5%
Taxation2 statements
67%
4%
Armed Forces and National Security0 statements
0%
3%
Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues0 statements
0%
10%
Commerce0 statements
0%
3%
Show the data
| Row | Ziegler | Peers |
|---|---|---|
| Agriculture and Food | 100% | 5% |
| Taxation | 67% | 4% |
| Armed Forces and National Security | 0% | 3% |
| Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 0% | 10% |
| Commerce | 0% | 3% |
How to read the bars
The thick bar is the share of Ziegler’s policy statements in an area; the thin grey bar is the average share for State House Democrats. A statement counts once in each of its areas, so shares can add to more than 100%. The five largest areas are shown; the toggle shows the rest.
Talks about · legislates on
Left: share of statements by policy area. Right: share of bills. Areas in order of their share of statements; both sides run from 0 to 100%. Grey ticks are the State House Democrats averages.
Show the data
| Area | Talks about | State House Democrats, talks about | Legislates on | State House Democrats, legislates on |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture and Food | 100% | 5% | 10% | 3% |
| Taxation | 67% | 4% | 8% | 7% |
| Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 0% | 10% | 3% | 4% |
| Commerce | 0% | 3% | 3% | 4% |
| Crime and Law Enforcement | 0% | 8% | 4% | 9% |
No agreement score.Needs at least 20 policy statements and 5 bills in the window.
What agreement means, and what it doesn’t
Agreement is 1 minus the distance between the two distributions (Jensen–Shannon): 1 means Ziegler legislates on exactly the areas Ziegler talks about, in the same proportions; 0 means no overlap. It does not say whether the bills match the positions in the statements, only the subjects. Bills Ziegler sponsored count fully, cosponsored bills a quarter. Shown with at least 20 policy statements and 5 bills.
Ideology
Ziegler sits at −0.55 on the CSIP scale, left of 0, more conservative than 62% of State House Democrats. Approximate range −0.62 to −0.47, which understates the uncertainty; from 161 donors and 588 roll calls.
CSIP, the lab’s Common-Space Ideal Point, places every official, federal and state, on one left–right scale, estimated from roll-call votes, who gives money to whom, and the text of statements. Negative is left of 0, positive right of it; 0 is the centre of the scale, not a definition of “moderate”.
−0.55
CSIP ideal point
Approximate range −0.62 to −0.47. From 161 donors and 588 roll calls. Run 2026-10-25T215945. Blue is left of 0, red right of 0.
The outlined dot is Ziegler, coloured by its side of 0 (blue left, red right, deeper further out); the bar through it is the approximate range (±1.96 standard errors), which understates the uncertainty; the grey ticks below are the medians of Ziegler’s groups. 0 is the centre of the scale, not “moderate” by definition.
What this means, and what it doesn’t
The score summarises how an official votes, who funds them and how they talk, relative to everyone else. It does not grade positions as good or bad, and two officials with the same score can differ on any single issue. The ± range is 1.96 standard errors, which understates the uncertainty: scores whose ranges overlap may not differ at all, and even scores whose ranges do not overlap may not differ.
Where Ziegler sits
Every official in each group, on the CSIP scale
State House Democrats2,392 · median −0.6
Maryland House141 · median −0.6
All State House5,324 · median +0.1
Show the data
| Group | Officials | Median | Share left of Ziegler |
|---|---|---|---|
| State House Democrats | 2392 | −0.6 | 62% |
| Maryland House | 141 | −0.6 | 57% |
| All State House | 5324 | +0.1 | 28% |
How to read the strips
Every small dot is one official on the same scale, coloured by its own score (blue left of 0, red right of 0, grey at 0, deeper further out) and spread up and down only to keep dots apart; where a group is crowded the dots overlap, and darker patches mean more officials. The large outlined dot is Ziegler in every row; the rule is each group’s median. The table under the figure gives the share of each group to the left of Ziegler.
Money
Ziegler reported $30.7K in the 2026 cycle, below the State House Democrats’ median of $40.4K. State filings report no small-donation total. 94% of itemized individual money came from Maryland.
Campaign money from state campaign-finance filings, as aggregates only; the lab never shows an individual donor. Campaigns must report by name every person who gives them more than $200 in a cycle (“itemized”); smaller gifts are reported only as one total (“unitemized”), so donor counts, donor states, employers and occupations describe itemized donors only. State filings report no small-gift total, so these figures add up itemized contributions only.
$30.7K
itemized in the 2026 cycle
From 35 itemized donors. State House Democrats’ median $40.4K.
Where the money came from
Each square is one percent of itemized contributions in the 2026 cycle.
- Individuals (itemized)63 squares$19.4K
- PACs and other committees37 squares$11.3K
Show the data
| Source | Amount | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Individuals (itemized) | $19.4K | 63.3% |
| PACs and other committees | $11.3K | 36.7% |
What this means, and what it doesn’t
Totals say how much a campaign took in, not how it was spent, and they rise sharply when a seat is up for election; compare cycles with that in mind.
Receipts by cycle
Itemized contributions, 2022 to 2026. The grey line is the State House Democrats’ median for 2026.
Show the data
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| 2022 cycle | $96.8K |
| 2024 cycle | $25.1K |
| 2026 cycle | $30.7K |
Top donor states, 2026
Itemized contributions by donor state. 94% came from Maryland.
- Maryland$18.3K
- New Jersey$1,003
- Georgia$100
- California$7
Small donations
State filings report no total for small gifts.
Not reported in state filings.
Where itemized donors live
Individuals who gave more than $200, by donor state
Show the data
| State | Value |
|---|---|
| Maryland | $18.3K |
| New Jersey | $1,003 |
| Georgia | $100 |
| California | $7 |
| Alaska | No data |
| Maine | No data |
| Vermont | No data |
| New Hampshire | No data |
| Washington | No data |
| Idaho | No data |
| Montana | No data |
| North Dakota | No data |
| Minnesota | No data |
| Illinois | No data |
| Wisconsin | No data |
| Michigan | No data |
| New York | No data |
| Rhode Island | No data |
| Massachusetts | No data |
| Oregon | No data |
| Nevada | No data |
| Wyoming | No data |
| South Dakota | No data |
| Iowa | No data |
| Indiana | No data |
| Ohio | No data |
| Pennsylvania | No data |
| Connecticut | No data |
| Utah | No data |
| Colorado | No data |
| Nebraska | No data |
| Missouri | No data |
| Kentucky | No data |
| West Virginia | No data |
| Virginia | No data |
| Delaware | No data |
| Arizona | No data |
| New Mexico | No data |
| Kansas | No data |
| Arkansas | No data |
| Tennessee | No data |
| North Carolina | No data |
| South Carolina | No data |
| District of Columbia | No data |
| Oklahoma | No data |
| Louisiana | No data |
| Mississippi | No data |
| Alabama | No data |
| Hawaii | No data |
| Texas | No data |
| Florida | No data |
35
itemized donors
People who gave more than $200
94%
from Maryland
Of itemized individual dollars
How to read the map
Every state the same size. Darker states gave more itemized money; hatched states had no itemized donors; the outlined state is Maryland. Gifts of $200 or less carry no address and are left out.
Top donor occupations
Itemized, 2026 cycle.
No occupations reported.
Top committees
PAC and committee contributions, 2026 cycle.
- MARYLAND REALTORS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE$2,000
- PLUMBERS & STEAMFITTERS UA LOCAL 486 PAC FUND$2,000
- FRIENDS OF MARK KORMAN$1,000
- BALTIMORE WASHINGTON CONSTRUCTION AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES LABORERS PAC$500
- CONSTELLATION ENERGY CORPORATION$500
Top employers
Itemized, 2026 cycle.
No employers reported.
Aggregates only. Individual donors are never named.
Votes
Ziegler voted with the majority of Maryland House Democrats on 97.1% of party-line votes and missed 3.6% of 2,779 roll calls. Maryland House on average: 97.0% party unity, 94.3% attendance. Across all roll calls, Ziegler voted against the majority of Maryland House Democrats 28 times.
2,779 roll calls Ziegler could vote on in the MD 2025–26 session, compared with Maryland House. Attendance is the share with a vote recorded. Party unity counts only party-line roll calls, where most Democrats and most Republicans voted on opposite sides, and is the share of those where Ziegler voted with the majority of Maryland House Democrats. The count of votes against that majority covers every roll call where the majority took a side.
28
votes against the majority of Maryland House Democrats
Party unity 97.1%, Maryland House average 97.0%, ranks 100th of 136. 2,779 roll calls in the MD 2025–26 session.
Attendance and party unity
The thick bar is Ziegler, the thin grey bar the Maryland House average. The scale runs from 80% to 100% to show the gap.
80%100%
Ziegler
Peers
Rank
Attendance
96.4%
94.3%
81st of 137
Party unity
97.1%
97.0%
100th of 136
Show the data
| Row | Ziegler | Peers |
|---|---|---|
| Attendance | 96.4% | 94.3% |
| Party unity | 97.1% | 97.0% |
What this means, and what it doesn’t
A missed roll call has many causes, from illness to campaigning, so attendance says how often, not why. A vote against the majority can be on procedure as well as substance, and many fall on roll calls where both parties split; the key votes below show the ones that decided something.
Key votes
25 roll calls the lab flagged as key in the MD 2025–26 session
| Party split (yea–nay) | Why it’s key | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aug 4, 2026 | HB 2101 Arbitration Reform for State Employees Act of 2026 - Withdraw and Repeal of Duplicate Proposed Constitutional Amendment On Third Reading (Emerg) | Yea | With majority | pass | D 89–0 · R 0–33Democrats 89 yea, 0 nay; Republicans 0 yea, 33 nay | became law |
| Aug 4, 2026 | HB 2100 Election Districts - General Assembly and Representatives in Congress On Third Reading (Const) | Yea | With majority | pass | D 95–1 · R 0–36Democrats 95 yea, 1 nay; Republicans 0 yea, 36 nay | became law · much discussed |
| Aug 3, 2026 | HB 2100 Election Districts - General Assembly and Representatives in Congress FLA Del. Grammer /423321/1 | Nay | With majority | fail | D 1–94 · R 32–2Democrats 1 yea, 94 nay; Republicans 32 yea, 2 nay | became law · much discussed |
| Aug 3, 2026 | HB 2101 Arbitration Reform for State Employees Act of 2026 - Withdraw and Repeal of Duplicate Proposed Constitutional Amendment Motion to Suspend Rules from 1st to 2nd Rdg (Emerg) | Yea | With majority | pass | D 96–0 · R 1–33Democrats 96 yea, 0 nay; Republicans 1 yea, 33 nay | became law |
| Aug 3, 2026 | Yea | With majority | pass | D 98–0 · R 0–35Democrats 98 yea, 0 nay; Republicans 0 yea, 35 nay | became law · much discussed |
How key votes are chosen
Automatically: a final-passage or override vote where the measure became law, the margin was under 10%, at least 10% of either party voted against its majority, or the bill was among the 25 most mentioned in officials’ own statements. Up to 25 per window, most recent first; five are shown. Bars show yea on the left, nay on the right, per party.
Votes most often with
The colleagues who voted the same way as Ziegler most often
- Chao WuD2,559 shared votes100%
- Heather Bagnall TudballD2,547 shared votes100%
- Gary SimmonsD2,577 shared votes99%
- Derrick ColeyD1,441 shared votes99%
- Gabriel MorenoD1,401 shared votes99%
Votes least often with
The colleagues who voted the same way as Ziegler least often
- Robin GrammerR2,388 shared votes44%
- Mark FisherR2,634 shared votes52%
- Lauren ArikanR2,568 shared votes52%
- Kathy SzeligaR2,622 shared votes54%
- Ryan NawrockiR2,454 shared votes54%
How to read the agreement lists
The share of roll calls both members voted on where they voted the same way, among colleagues sharing at least 50 such votes. High agreement with members of the other party is common on routine votes.
Full voting record
MD 2025–26 session, loads in batches
Legislation
Ziegler sponsored 117 bills in the MD 2025–26 session; 50 became law. Cosponsored 0 others. 61% of sponsored bills got out of committee (Maryland House average 49%; 33rd of 140).
The bills Ziegler sponsored and cosponsored in the MD 2025–26 session, from the official bill records, and how far each got: introduced, referred to or acted on in committee, passed one chamber, passed both, became law. A bill counts at every stage it has reached, so the blocks only shrink to the right.
Bills by stage
Counts for the MD 2025–26 session
Show the data
| Role | Introduced | In committee | Passed one chamber | Passed both chambers | Became law |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sponsored | 117 | 117 | 71 | 53 | 50 |
| Cosponsored | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
How to read the blocks
Ink blocks are bills Ziegler sponsored, ochre blocks bills Ziegler cosponsored; the figure above each block is the count. Most bills in any legislature never leave committee, so a short staircase is the norm.
61%
of sponsored bills got out of committee
Maryland House average 49%. Ranks 33rd of 140.
Cosponsorship partners
Colleagues who most often cosponsor with Ziegler, by number of shared bills in the MD 2025–26 session; the square shows their party.
- Linda Foley42
- Regina Boyce42
- Nick Allen39
- Robbyn Lewis39
- Michele Guyton37
What this means, and what it doesn’t
The score is the share of sponsored bills that a committee reported out or a chamber passed, with at least 5 sponsored bills, ranked within the peer group. Members of the majority party and committee chairs move more bills, so the rank reflects position in the chamber as well as effort. Cosponsorship partners are the five colleagues who share the most of Ziegler’s bills; the toggle shows more.
Bill list
Sponsored and cosponsored, with status and policy area; five are shown, the toggle shows the rest
| HB 1614 | Maryland Transportation Authority - Lane Use Control Signal Monitoring Systems | Sponsor | Feb 19, 2026 | Passed one chamber | Transportation and Public Works(model) | Motion Laid Over (Senator Hershey) Adopted Apr 13, 2026 |
| HB 1599 | Chesapeake Bay - Enhancement Program and Maryland Seafood Industry Financial Assistance Fund - Established | Sponsor | Feb 16, 2026 | Became law | Agriculture and Food(model) | Approved by the Governor - Chapter 553 May 12, 2026 |
| HB 1590 | Alcoholic Beverages - Class 8 Farm Brewery and Class 10 Farm Distillery Licenses | Sponsor | Feb 15, 2026 | In committee | Commerce(model) | First Reading House Rules and Executive Nominations Feb 15, 2026 |
| HB 1532 | Utility RELIEF (Reducing Energy Load Inflation for Everyday Families) Act | Sponsor | Feb 13, 2026 | Became law | Energy(model) | Approved by the Governor - Chapter 353 May 12, 2026 |
| HB 1400 | Shellfish Aquaculture - Penalties - Suspension or Revocation of Permit or Registration Card | Sponsor | Feb 13, 2026 | Became law | Agriculture and Food(model) | Approved by the Governor - Chapter 304 Apr 28, 2026 |
Online
A site that changed 1 time in 90 days. Ziegler’s official site had 1 page when last crawled on Oct 1, 2026.
The lab crawls Ziegler’s official and campaign websites (weekly for Congress, monthly for the states) and keeps every page’s text, so changes can be read later; it also records social accounts and describes the images Ziegler posts with a vision model.
Websites
- 1
pages crawled
1changes in 90 days
How to read the counts
“Pages crawled” is the size of the site at the last crawl; “changes in 90 days” counts pages whose text differed from the previous crawl. Sites change for many routine reasons, such as new press releases, so a high count is not by itself notable.
Social accounts
Images Ziegler posted
No images from Ziegler’s posts have been described.
About the descriptions
Written by a vision model and may be wrong. Open the post to see the original. Five are shown; the toggle shows the rest.
State floor speeches
No transcribed state floor speeches are matched to this legislator yet.
Floor speeches
Transcribed from chamber video or captions by the lab. They are not classified for kinds of statement.
Methods and sources
How this page was made. Profile built Oct 28, 2026; site last built Oct 28, 2026. Every number on the page is computed from the sources listed here, by the same rules for every official; nothing is written by hand.
The headline
The headline is the measure on which Ziegler is most unusual among Maryland House, chosen by one rule for every official of every party. The candidates are the rate of each kind of statement and of extreme labels, party unity, attendance, the small-donor share, the in-state share and total receipts of the latest cycle, the share of sponsored bills that got out of committee, talk-to-bills agreement, and the CSIP score’s place within the party group.
The builder ranks every measure within the same peer group the page compares it with, and writes each official’s percentile: the share of the group below the value, ties counting half, so 0.5 is the median and a value shared by many never ranks first. A measure’s score is how far that percentile sits from the median (0 in the middle, 0.5 at either end), and the highest score leads if it is above 0.25, outside the middle half of the group. Scores within 0.03 of each other are a tie, broken in this order: votes against the party majority, kinds of statement, ideology, roll calls missed, small donations, in-state money, legislation, agreement, extreme labels, receipts.
A measure counts only with at least 200 statements, 100 roll calls or 5 sponsored bills behind it and a peer group of at least 10. Two things never lead: high party unity or attendance, where most members sit, and a high rate of a kind of statement backed by fewer than 10 statements. When nothing qualifies, the headline is a neutral fact instead: statements classified, or years in office. The wording always names the direction (“in the bottom 5% of …”, “votes against the majority of …”).
Identifiers
- Profile id
- 9496938b-7a65-4f74-9ecf-5b3e1ef94287
- Open States
- ocd-person/9496938b-7a65-4f74-9ecf-5b3e1ef94287
Bulk files with the same data for every official:
Freshness of this profile’s data
- What politicians sayOct 27, 20261 days agoMembers of Congress: tweets since 2017; press releases, newsletters and floor speeches since 2022. State legislators: tweets since May 2024. Governors: tweets since January 2025. Labels from an LLM classifier.
- Roll calls (state)Oct 21, 20267 days agoOpen States floor roll calls, 2019 on (none for AK and MO).
- Bills (state)Oct 28, 2026todayOpen States bills and sponsors, 2019 on; stages from roll calls.
- Campaign money (state)no dateState campaign-finance agencies, 2019 on; aggregates only.
- Ideology (CSIP)Oct 25, 20263 days agoCommon-Space Ideal Points (CSIP), current validated run.
- WebsitesOct 25, 20263 days agoWeekly crawls of federal sites since April 2026; monthly state crawls since June 2026.
- State floor speechesOct 21, 20267 days agoState floor speech turns (published transcripts and captions), 2020 on; not LLM-classified.
How the measures work
- What politicians say
- Every post, press release, newsletter and congressional floor speech is read by a language model and marked for personal attacks, policy criticism, policy discussion, bipartisanship and credit claiming. A statement can be in several. Rates are shares of statements in the window. The methods paper.
- Extreme labels
- A statement has an extreme label when it calls a politician, party or policy “far left”, “far right”, “MAGA”, “extreme”, “radical”, “woke”, “fascist” or “communist”. The target is who the label is aimed at.
- Policy areas and agreement
- Statements and bills share 25 Congressional Research Service policy areas (state bills are assigned by a language model). Agreement is 1 − Jensen–Shannon distance between the two distributions, shown with at least 20 policy statements and 5 bills.
- Ideology (CSIP)
- Common-Space Ideal Points place federal and state officials on one left–right scale, estimated jointly from roll calls, campaign contributions and the text of statements, with standard errors. Only a validated run is shown. The methods paper.
- Campaign money
- Campaigns report by name only donors who give more than $200 in a cycle; smaller gifts are reported as one total. Federal totals and the small-donor share come from the FEC’s financial summaries of each campaign committee. Donor counts, donor states, employers and occupations cover itemized donors only. State filings report no small-gift totals, so state figures are itemized only. The lab never publishes donor names.
- Votes and key votes
- Attendance, party unity and the count of votes against the majority of an official’s own party come from roll calls (Voteview for Congress, chamber records for the states). Key votes are final-passage or override votes that became law, were decided by under 10%, saw at least 10% of a party vote against its majority, or concerned one of the 25 bills most mentioned in officials’ statements.
- Peers and ranks
- Comparisons are with the same party, chamber and level (for example House Democrats); state legislators are compared within their state and chamber for votes. Every comparison names its group. Rank 1 is the highest value in the group; tied values share the average of their ranks, and the percentile is the share of the group below the value, ties counting half.
America’s Political Pulse · Polarization Research Lab