Policy discussion
The text of this post is on X; follow the source link to read it.
Sep 7, 2026 · Posts on X (state legislators) · policy discussion; Labor and Employment · Source
66%
of itemized money from Massachusetts donors, in the bottom quarter of State House Democrats
66% of the itemized money from individuals in the 2026 cycle came from donors with an address in Massachusetts. Ranks 1707th of 1,983, where 1st is the highest share. 498 itemized donors.
Only donors who give more than $200 are reported with an address, so this is the share of that itemized money from donors living in Massachusetts, ranked among State House Democrats. Small gifts are not counted either way. Candidates running statewide or for federal office often draw more money from out of state.
At a glance
3 measures against State House Democrats. Mariano reported $225.2K in the 2026 cycle, in the top quarter of State House Democrats (median $40.4K). Mariano sits at −0.83 on the CSIP scale, more liberal than 78% of State House Democrats.
The measures on which Mariano sits furthest from the middle of State House Democrats, each against the same group, with the CSIP score when there is one. Every number is explained in its own section below.
From Massachusetts, 2026
66%
Of itemized individual dollars · ranks 1707th of 1,983 State House Democrats
Itemized, 2026
$225.2K
State House Democrats’ median $40.4K · ranks 245th of 2,082
CSIP ideology
−0.83
More liberal than 78% of State House Democrats · ± 0.05
Statements
180
180 posts on X
Bills sponsored
4
and 0 cosponsored
In office since
2011
Peer group: State House Democrats. Rank 1 is the highest value in the group; the thick bar is Mariano, the thin grey bar the peer average. The headline is the measure on which Mariano is most unusual among peers (Methods, §08).
What Mariano says
Mariano attacks opponents personally less than 76% of State House Democrats. Personal attacks in 0% of 180 statements, against 2.5% for the average State House Democrat; 584th of 764.
An AI model reads each of Mariano’s 180 statements in the MA 2025–26 session (180 posts on X) and marks the kinds of statement it contains: a personal attack, criticism of a policy, discussion of policy, bipartisanship, credit claiming, and extreme labels. A statement can carry several. Every rate is compared with the average for State House Democrats and ranked among them.
Kinds of statement
Share of statements carrying each label, the MA 2025–26 session
0%80%
Mariano
Peers
Rank
Policy discussion127 statements
71%
39%
42nd of 764
Credit claiming81 statements
45%
14%
12th of 764
Bipartisanship19 statements
11%
3%
29th of 764
Policy criticism16 statements
9%
10%
346th of 764
Personal attacks0 statements
0%
3%
584th of 764
Show the data
| Row | Mariano | Peers |
|---|---|---|
| Policy discussion | 71% | 39% |
| Credit claiming | 45% | 14% |
| Bipartisanship | 11% | 3% |
| Policy criticism | 9% | 10% |
| Personal attacks | 0% | 3% |
180
statements classified
180 posts on X.
Show the data
| Part | Value |
|---|---|
| posts on X | 180 |
How to read the bars
The thick bar is Mariano; the thin grey bar is the average State House Democrats. A longer thick bar means Mariano does this more than peers. Rank 1 is the highest rate in the group.
Extreme labels
Mariano used no extreme labels in 180 statements. The peer average is 1.0%.
No extreme labels in this window.
Who gets the labels
Targets named alongside an extreme label, by number of statements
No targets recorded.
What an extreme label is
Calls a politician, a party or a policy “far left”, “far right”, “MAGA”, “extreme”, “radical”, “woke”, “fascist” or “communist”. The target is who or what the label was aimed at. The lists show the five most used labels and targets; the toggle shows the rest.
Month by month
Share of statements per month, the MA 2025–26 session
Show the data
| Column | Statements | Personal attacks | Policy criticism | Policy discussion | Bipartisanship | Credit claiming | Extreme labels |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan ’25 | 8 | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) |
| Feb ’25 | 5 | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) |
| Mar ’25 | 1 | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) |
| Apr ’25 | 9 | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) |
| May ’25 | 7 | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) |
| Jun ’25 | 20 | 0.0% | 10.0% | 70.0% | 15.0% | 50.0% | 0.0% |
| Jul ’25 | 9 | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) |
| Aug ’25 | 1 | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) |
| Sep ’25 | 9 | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) |
| Oct ’25 | 12 | 0.0% | 8.3% | 66.7% | 16.7% | 50.0% | 0.0% |
| Nov ’25 | 15 | 0.0% | 6.7% | 60.0% | 26.7% | 60.0% | 0.0% |
| Dec ’25 | 6 | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) |
| Jan ’26 | 5 | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) |
| Feb ’26 | 6 | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) |
| Mar ’26 | 8 | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) |
| Apr ’26 | 13 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 84.6% | 7.7% | 61.5% | 0.0% |
| May ’26 | 8 | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) |
| Jun ’26 | 15 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 80.0% | 0.0% | 33.3% | 0.0% |
| Jul ’26 | 20 | 0.0% | 10.0% | 70.0% | 5.0% | 45.0% | 0.0% |
| Aug ’26 | 0 | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) |
| Sep ’26 | 2 | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) |
| Oct ’26 | 1 | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) | — (fewer than 10 statements) |
How to read the strips
Each row is one kind of statement; each cell is a month, shaded against that row’s own peak (darker = closer to the peak), with the peak and the latest value written at the right. The top row counts statements. The strip covers every month of the MA 2025–26 session, the same span as the rates above, including months with no statements. A month with fewer than 10 statements is hatched, not shaded: one or two posts would swing its rate to 0% or 100%. 16 months are hatched here; 1 of them have no statements.
In Mariano’s words
Real statements from the classifier’s example set, with the labels it assigned
Credit claiming
The text of this post is on X; follow the source link to read it.
Oct 20, 2026 · Posts on X (state legislators) · policy discussion; credit claiming; Education; Families · Source
Bipartisanship
The text of this post is on X; follow the source link to read it.
Jul 2, 2026 · Posts on X (state legislators) · policy discussion; bipartisanship; credit claiming; Economics and Public Finance · Source
Examples by category
Up to five recent statements in each category
Overtly questions a named person’s character, integrity or loyalty, or calls them names. Criticising a record or a policy does not count.
No statements in this category in this window.
All 180 statements
Newest first, the MA 2025–26 session
The full feed
Five statements at a time, newest first; filters apply to the statements loaded so far. Export saves the statements that match. Sources: 180 posts on X.
Policy
Health is what Mariano talks about most: 25% of policy statements, above the peer share. Peers give it 15%. Agreement with legislation needs at least 20 policy statements and 5 bills.
Each policy statement is tagged by the AI model with one or more of 25 policy areas from the Congressional Research Service list, so the shares say what Mariano talks about. The bills Mariano sponsors and cosponsors carry the same areas, so the two can be compared.
What Mariano talks about
Share of policy statements by area, the MA 2025–26 session
0%100%
Mariano
Peers
Health32 statements
25%
15%
Economics and Public Finance24 statements
19%
11%
Education23 statements
18%
15%
Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues21 statements
17%
10%
Government Operations and Politics15 statements
12%
15%
Show the data
| Row | Mariano | Peers |
|---|---|---|
| Health | 25% | 15% |
| Economics and Public Finance | 19% | 11% |
| Education | 18% | 15% |
| Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 17% | 10% |
| Government Operations and Politics | 12% | 15% |
How to read the bars
The thick bar is the share of Mariano’s policy statements in an area; the thin grey bar is the average share for State House Democrats. A statement counts once in each of its areas, so shares can add to more than 100%. The five largest areas are shown; the toggle shows the rest.
Talks about · legislates on
Left: share of statements by policy area. Right: share of bills. Areas in order of their share of statements; both sides run from 0 to 100%. Grey ticks are the State House Democrats averages.
Show the data
| Area | Talks about | State House Democrats, talks about | Legislates on | State House Democrats, legislates on |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Health | 25% | 15% | 0% | 15% |
| Economics and Public Finance | 19% | 11% | 0% | 2% |
| Education | 18% | 15% | 0% | 10% |
| Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues | 17% | 10% | 0% | 4% |
| Government Operations and Politics | 12% | 15% | 100% | 8% |
No agreement score.Needs at least 20 policy statements and 5 bills in the window.
What agreement means, and what it doesn’t
Agreement is 1 minus the distance between the two distributions (Jensen–Shannon): 1 means Mariano legislates on exactly the areas Mariano talks about, in the same proportions; 0 means no overlap. It does not say whether the bills match the positions in the statements, only the subjects. Bills Mariano sponsored count fully, cosponsored bills a quarter. Shown with at least 20 policy statements and 5 bills.
Ideology
Mariano sits at −0.83 on the CSIP scale, left of 0, more liberal than 78% of State House Democrats. Approximate range −0.88 to −0.79, which understates the uncertainty; from 2,069 donors and no roll calls.
CSIP, the lab’s Common-Space Ideal Point, places every official, federal and state, on one left–right scale, estimated from roll-call votes, who gives money to whom, and the text of statements. Negative is left of 0, positive right of it; 0 is the centre of the scale, not a definition of “moderate”.
−0.83
CSIP ideal point
Approximate range −0.88 to −0.79. From 2,069 donors and no roll calls. Run 2026-10-25T215945. Blue is left of 0, red right of 0.
The outlined dot is Mariano, coloured by its side of 0 (blue left, red right, deeper further out); the bar through it is the approximate range (±1.96 standard errors), which understates the uncertainty; the grey ticks below are the medians of Mariano’s groups. 0 is the centre of the scale, not “moderate” by definition.
What this means, and what it doesn’t
The score summarises how an official votes, who funds them and how they talk, relative to everyone else. It does not grade positions as good or bad, and two officials with the same score can differ on any single issue. The ± range is 1.96 standard errors, which understates the uncertainty: scores whose ranges overlap may not differ at all, and even scores whose ranges do not overlap may not differ.
Where Mariano sits
Every official in each group, on the CSIP scale
State House Democrats2,392 · median −0.6
Massachusetts House157 · median −0.6
All State House5,324 · median +0.1
Show the data
| Group | Officials | Median | Share left of Mariano |
|---|---|---|---|
| State House Democrats | 2392 | −0.6 | 22% |
| Massachusetts House | 157 | −0.6 | 26% |
| All State House | 5324 | +0.1 | 10% |
How to read the strips
Every small dot is one official on the same scale, coloured by its own score (blue left of 0, red right of 0, grey at 0, deeper further out) and spread up and down only to keep dots apart; where a group is crowded the dots overlap, and darker patches mean more officials. The large outlined dot is Mariano in every row; the rule is each group’s median. The table under the figure gives the share of each group to the left of Mariano.
Money
Mariano reported $225.2K in the 2026 cycle, 5.6 times the State House Democrats’ median of $40.4K. State filings report no small-donation total. 66% of itemized individual money came from Massachusetts.
Campaign money from state campaign-finance filings, as aggregates only; the lab never shows an individual donor. Campaigns must report by name every person who gives them more than $200 in a cycle (“itemized”); smaller gifts are reported only as one total (“unitemized”), so donor counts, donor states, employers and occupations describe itemized donors only. State filings report no small-gift total, so these figures add up itemized contributions only.
$225.2K
itemized in the 2026 cycle
From 498 itemized donors. State House Democrats’ median $40.4K.
Where the money came from
Each square is one percent of itemized contributions in the 2026 cycle.
- Individuals (itemized)94 squares$212.6K
- PACs and other committees6 squares$12.6K
Show the data
| Source | Amount | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Individuals (itemized) | $212.6K | 94.4% |
| PACs and other committees | $12.6K | 5.6% |
What this means, and what it doesn’t
Totals say how much a campaign took in, not how it was spent, and they rise sharply when a seat is up for election; compare cycles with that in mind.
Receipts by cycle
Itemized contributions, 2020 to 2026. The grey line is the State House Democrats’ median for 2026.
Show the data
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| 2020 cycle | $280.6K |
| 2022 cycle | $434.4K |
| 2024 cycle | $196.5K |
| 2026 cycle | $225.2K |
Top donor states, 2026
Itemized contributions by donor state. 66% came from Massachusetts.
- Massachusetts$141.0K
- California$12.5K
- Florida$11.1K
- New York$10.7K
- Connecticut$9,850
Small donations
State filings report no total for small gifts.
Not reported in state filings.
Where itemized donors live
Individuals who gave more than $200, by donor state
Show the data
| State | Value |
|---|---|
| Massachusetts | $141.0K |
| California | $12.5K |
| Florida | $11.1K |
| New York | $10.7K |
| Connecticut | $9,850 |
| New Jersey | $8,000 |
| New Hampshire | $3,784 |
| Colorado | $2,150 |
| Rhode Island | $2,000 |
| Maryland | $1,800 |
| Illinois | $1,743 |
| Maine | $1,050 |
| Washington | $1,000 |
| Utah | $1,000 |
| North Carolina | $1,000 |
| Virginia | $600 |
| Wisconsin | $500 |
| Michigan | $500 |
| Ohio | $500 |
| Pennsylvania | $500 |
| Arizona | $500 |
| District of Columbia | $500 |
| Vermont | $200 |
| Kentucky | $100 |
| Alaska | No data |
| Idaho | No data |
| Montana | No data |
| North Dakota | No data |
| Minnesota | No data |
| Oregon | No data |
| Nevada | No data |
| Wyoming | No data |
| South Dakota | No data |
| Iowa | No data |
| Indiana | No data |
| Nebraska | No data |
| Missouri | No data |
| West Virginia | No data |
| Delaware | No data |
| New Mexico | No data |
| Kansas | No data |
| Arkansas | No data |
| Tennessee | No data |
| South Carolina | No data |
| Oklahoma | No data |
| Louisiana | No data |
| Mississippi | No data |
| Alabama | No data |
| Georgia | No data |
| Hawaii | No data |
| Texas | No data |
498
itemized donors
People who gave more than $200
66%
from Massachusetts
Of itemized individual dollars
How to read the map
Every state the same size. Darker states gave more itemized money; hatched states had no itemized donors; the outlined state is Massachusetts. Gifts of $200 or less carry no address and are left out.
Top donor occupations
Itemized, 2026 cycle.
- CEO$18.7K 42 donors
- NOT EMPLOYED$13.4K 22 donors
- ATTORNEY$10.6K 35 donors
- PRESIDENT$9,867 20 donors
- MEMBER OF TECHNICAL STAFF$7,929 9 donors
Top committees
PAC and committee contributions, 2026 cycle.
- GREATER BOSTON REAL ESTATE BOARD PAC$1,000
- LOCAL 509 SERVICE EMPLOYEES INT'L UNION COMM ON POL ED, MA WORKERS' POL ACTION COMM.$1,000
- MA ASSISTED LIVING ASSOC. PAC$1,000
- NEW CAR DEALER POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE$1,000
- 1199 SEIU MA PAC$500
Top employers
Itemized, 2026 cycle.
- ANTHROPIC$8,598 10 donors
- DRAFT KINGS$7,250 8 donors
- WHITTIER HEALTH NETWORK$7,100 5 donors
- DRAFTKINGS$6,500 7 donors
- HERMAN LAW$5,000 5 donors
Aggregates only. Individual donors are never named.
Votes
No roll-call votes for the MA 2025–26 session.No roll-call votes are recorded for this official in this time window.
Legislation
Mariano sponsored 4 bills in the MA 2025–26 session; none became law. Cosponsored 0 others.
The bills Mariano sponsored and cosponsored in the MA 2025–26 session, from the official bill records, and how far each got: introduced, referred to or acted on in committee, passed one chamber, passed both, became law. A bill counts at every stage it has reached, so the blocks only shrink to the right.
Bills by stage
Counts for the MA 2025–26 session
Show the data
| Role | Introduced | In committee | Passed one chamber | Passed both chambers | Became law |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sponsored | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cosponsored | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
How to read the blocks
Ink blocks are bills Mariano sponsored, ochre blocks bills Mariano cosponsored; the figure above each block is the count. Most bills in any legislature never leave committee, so a short staircase is the norm.
No effectiveness score.Too few sponsored bills to score (at least 5 are needed).
Cosponsorship partners
Colleagues who most often cosponsor with Mariano, by number of shared bills in the MA 2025–26 session; the square shows their party.
No cosponsorship ties in this window.
What this means, and what it doesn’t
The score is the share of sponsored bills that a committee reported out or a chamber passed, with at least 5 sponsored bills, ranked within the peer group. Members of the majority party and committee chairs move more bills, so the rank reflects position in the chamber as well as effort. Cosponsorship partners are the five colleagues who share the most of Mariano’s bills; the toggle shows more.
Bill list
Sponsored and cosponsored, with status and policy area; five are shown, the toggle shows the rest
| H 5011 | Order relative to the establishment of a special joint committee on initiative petitions | Sponsor | Feb 5, 2026 | Introduced | Unassigned | Adopted, in concurrence Feb 5, 2026 |
| HD 5458 | Relative to the issuance of a precept for the filling of a special election in the Fifth Essex Representative District | Sponsor | Dec 18, 2025 | Introduced | Government Operations and Politics(model) | Adopted Dec 18, 2025 |
| HD 4489 | relative to the issuance of a precept for the filling of a special election in the Third Bristol Representative District | Sponsor | Mar 10, 2025 | In committee | Government Operations and Politics(model) | Adopted Mar 10, 2025 |
| HD 4364 | Relative to the issuance of a precept for the filling of a special election in the Sixth Essex Representative District | Sponsor | Feb 3, 2025 | Introduced | Government Operations and Politics(model) | Adopted Feb 3, 2025 |
| HD 3237 | An Act relative to protecting health care consumers | Sponsor | — | Introduced | Health(model) | — — |
Online
A site that changed 1 time in 90 days. Mariano’s official site had 1 page when last crawled on Oct 1, 2026.
The lab crawls Mariano’s official and campaign websites (weekly for Congress, monthly for the states) and keeps every page’s text, so changes can be read later; it also records social accounts and describes the images Mariano posts with a vision model.
Websites
- 1
pages crawled
1changes in 90 days
- 1
pages crawled
1changes in 90 days
How to read the counts
“Pages crawled” is the size of the site at the last crawl; “changes in 90 days” counts pages whose text differed from the previous crawl. Sites change for many routine reasons, such as new press releases, so a high count is not by itself notable.
Social accounts
Images Mariano posted
No images from Mariano’s posts have been described.
About the descriptions
Written by a vision model and may be wrong. Open the post to see the original. Five are shown; the toggle shows the rest.
State floor speeches
1 turn, Jun 3, 2026 to Jun 3, 2026
Floor speeches
Transcribed from chamber video or captions by the lab. They are not classified for kinds of statement.
Methods and sources
How this page was made. Profile built Oct 28, 2026; site last built Oct 28, 2026. Every number on the page is computed from the sources listed here, by the same rules for every official; nothing is written by hand.
The headline
The headline is the measure on which Mariano is most unusual among State House Democrats, chosen by one rule for every official of every party. The candidates are the rate of each kind of statement and of extreme labels, party unity, attendance, the small-donor share, the in-state share and total receipts of the latest cycle, the share of sponsored bills that got out of committee, talk-to-bills agreement, and the CSIP score’s place within the party group.
The builder ranks every measure within the same peer group the page compares it with, and writes each official’s percentile: the share of the group below the value, ties counting half, so 0.5 is the median and a value shared by many never ranks first. A measure’s score is how far that percentile sits from the median (0 in the middle, 0.5 at either end), and the highest score leads if it is above 0.25, outside the middle half of the group. Scores within 0.03 of each other are a tie, broken in this order: votes against the party majority, kinds of statement, ideology, roll calls missed, small donations, in-state money, legislation, agreement, extreme labels, receipts.
A measure counts only with at least 200 statements, 100 roll calls or 5 sponsored bills behind it and a peer group of at least 10. Two things never lead: high party unity or attendance, where most members sit, and a high rate of a kind of statement backed by fewer than 10 statements. When nothing qualifies, the headline is a neutral fact instead: statements classified, or years in office. The wording always names the direction (“in the bottom 5% of …”, “votes against the majority of …”).
Identifiers
- Profile id
- e142d28d-e57a-4ff9-afa4-c3cd149f2114
- Open States
- ocd-person/e142d28d-e57a-4ff9-afa4-c3cd149f2114
Bulk files with the same data for every official:
Freshness of this profile’s data
- What politicians sayOct 27, 20261 days agoMembers of Congress: tweets since 2017; press releases, newsletters and floor speeches since 2022. State legislators: tweets since May 2024. Governors: tweets since January 2025. Labels from an LLM classifier.
- Roll calls (state)Oct 21, 20267 days agoOpen States floor roll calls, 2019 on (none for AK and MO).
- Bills (state)Oct 28, 2026todayOpen States bills and sponsors, 2019 on; stages from roll calls.
- Campaign money (state)no dateState campaign-finance agencies, 2019 on; aggregates only.
- Ideology (CSIP)Oct 25, 20263 days agoCommon-Space Ideal Points (CSIP), current validated run.
- WebsitesOct 25, 20263 days agoWeekly crawls of federal sites since April 2026; monthly state crawls since June 2026.
- State floor speechesOct 21, 20267 days agoState floor speech turns (published transcripts and captions), 2020 on; not LLM-classified.
How the measures work
- What politicians say
- Every post, press release, newsletter and congressional floor speech is read by a language model and marked for personal attacks, policy criticism, policy discussion, bipartisanship and credit claiming. A statement can be in several. Rates are shares of statements in the window. The methods paper.
- Extreme labels
- A statement has an extreme label when it calls a politician, party or policy “far left”, “far right”, “MAGA”, “extreme”, “radical”, “woke”, “fascist” or “communist”. The target is who the label is aimed at.
- Policy areas and agreement
- Statements and bills share 25 Congressional Research Service policy areas (state bills are assigned by a language model). Agreement is 1 − Jensen–Shannon distance between the two distributions, shown with at least 20 policy statements and 5 bills.
- Ideology (CSIP)
- Common-Space Ideal Points place federal and state officials on one left–right scale, estimated jointly from roll calls, campaign contributions and the text of statements, with standard errors. Only a validated run is shown. The methods paper.
- Campaign money
- Campaigns report by name only donors who give more than $200 in a cycle; smaller gifts are reported as one total. Federal totals and the small-donor share come from the FEC’s financial summaries of each campaign committee. Donor counts, donor states, employers and occupations cover itemized donors only. State filings report no small-gift totals, so state figures are itemized only. The lab never publishes donor names.
- Votes and key votes
- Attendance, party unity and the count of votes against the majority of an official’s own party come from roll calls (Voteview for Congress, chamber records for the states). Key votes are final-passage or override votes that became law, were decided by under 10%, saw at least 10% of a party vote against its majority, or concerned one of the 25 bills most mentioned in officials’ statements.
- Peers and ranks
- Comparisons are with the same party, chamber and level (for example House Democrats); state legislators are compared within their state and chamber for votes. Every comparison names its group. Rank 1 is the highest value in the group; tied values share the average of their ranks, and the percentile is the share of the group below the value, ties counting half.
America’s Political Pulse · Polarization Research Lab