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Democrat · U.S. House, California’s 28th district

Serving since Jul 16, 2009119th Congress (2025–27)next election Nov 3, 2026

Bioguide C001080FEC H0CA32101

Portrait of Judy Chu, rendered as a two-tone print
Official portrait
95%
of itemized money from California donors, in the top 5% of House Democrats

95% of the itemized money from individuals in the 2026 cycle came from donors with an address in California. Ranks 2nd of 214, where 1st is the highest share. 361 itemized donors.

Only donors who give more than $200 are reported with an address, so this is the share of that itemized money from donors living in California, ranked among House Democrats. Small gifts are not counted either way. Candidates running statewide or for federal office often draw more money from out of state.

At a glance

6 measures against House Democrats. Chu sits at −1.34 on the CSIP scale, more liberal than 92% of House Democrats. 35% of Chu’s statements criticize a policy, in the top quarter of House Democrats (average 28%).

The measures on which Chu sits furthest from the middle of House Democrats, each against the same group, with the CSIP score when there is one. Every number is explained in its own section below.

From California, 2026

95%

Of itemized individual dollars · ranks 2nd of 214 House Democrats

CSIP ideology

−1.34

More liberal than 92% of House Democrats · ± 0.02

Party unity

99.5%

House Democrats average 96.4% · ranks 36th of 217 · 11 votes against the majority of House Democrats

Attendance

99.7%

House Democrats average 96.9% · ranks 32nd of 217 · 674 roll calls

Policy criticism

35%

House Democrats average 28% · ranks 44th of 216

Small donations, 2026

5.5%

House Democrats’ median 13% · ranks 170th of 214

Peer group: House Democrats. Rank 1 is the highest value in the group; the thick bar is Chu, the thin grey bar the peer average. The headline is the measure on which Chu is most unusual among peers (Methods, §08).

Back to topNext: What politicians say

What Chu says

Chu criticizes policies more than 79% of House Democrats. Policy criticism in 35% of 1,866 statements, against 28% for the average House Democrat; 44th of 216.

An AI model reads each of Chu’s 1,866 statements in the 119th Congress (1,537 posts on X, 207 press releases, 90 Congressional Record speeches, 32 newsletters) and marks the kinds of statement it contains: a personal attack, criticism of a policy, discussion of policy, bipartisanship, credit claiming, and extreme labels. A statement can carry several. Every rate is compared with the average for House Democrats and ranked among them.

Kinds of statement

Share of statements carrying each label, the 119th Congress

0%80%
Chu
Peers
Rank
Policy discussion1,423 statements
76%
73%
82nd of 216
Policy criticism660 statements
35%
28%
44th of 216
Credit claiming431 statements
23%
23%
96th of 216
Bipartisanship218 statements
12%
10%
55th of 216
Personal attacks99 statements
5%
7%
114th of 216
Show the data
Chu's share of statements in each category against the House Democrats average.
RowChuPeers
Policy discussion76%73%
Policy criticism35%28%
Credit claiming23%23%
Bipartisanship12%10%
Personal attacks5%7%
1,866

statements classified

1,537 posts on X, 207 press releases, 90 Congressional Record speeches, 32 newsletters.

posts on X: 1,537 (82.4%)posts on X 1,537press releases: 207 (11.1%)Congressional Record speeches: 90 (4.8%)newsletters: 32 (1.7%)
Show the data
Chu's statements by source
PartValue
posts on X1,537
press releases207
Congressional Record speeches90
newsletters32
How to read the bars

The thick bar is Chu; the thin grey bar is the average House Democrats. A longer thick bar means Chu does this more than peers. Rank 1 is the highest rate in the group.

Extreme labels

Chu used extreme labels in 2.5% of statements, above the peer average. 47 statements, most often aimed at Republicans; peers 1.9%.

  1. “extreme”22
  2. “MAGA”3
  3. “far right”3

Who gets the labels

Targets named alongside an extreme label, by number of statements

  1. Republicans8
  2. Trump5
  3. abortion bans4
  4. abortion ban2
  5. extremists2
What an extreme label is

Calls a politician, a party or a policy “far left”, “far right”, “MAGA”, “extreme”, “radical”, “woke”, “fascist” or “communist”. The target is who or what the label was aimed at. The lists show the five most used labels and targets; the toggle shows the rest.

Month by month

Share of statements per month, the 119th Congress

Statements2025-01: 1042025-02: 982025-03: 1022025-04: 852025-05: 752025-06: 932025-07: 792025-08: 752025-09: 1052025-10: 912025-11: 692025-12: 772026-01: 1172026-02: 892026-03: 502026-04: 762026-05: 772026-06: 782026-07: 872026-08: 672026-09: 1072026-10: 65peak 117 · Jan ’26Personal attackspeak 11.8% · Apr ’26 · latest 0.0%Personal attacks, 2025-01: 4.8% of 104Personal attacks, 2025-02: 8.2% of 98Personal attacks, 2025-03: 10.8% of 102Personal attacks, 2025-04: 7.1% of 85Personal attacks, 2025-05: 2.7% of 75Personal attacks, 2025-06: 9.7% of 93Personal attacks, 2025-07: 1.3% of 79Personal attacks, 2025-08: 2.7% of 75Personal attacks, 2025-09: 2.9% of 105Personal attacks, 2025-10: 3.3% of 91Personal attacks, 2025-11: 7.2% of 69Personal attacks, 2025-12: 3.9% of 77Personal attacks, 2026-01: 9.4% of 117Personal attacks, 2026-02: 4.5% of 89Personal attacks, 2026-03: 0.0% of 50Personal attacks, 2026-04: 11.8% of 76Personal attacks, 2026-05: 5.2% of 77Personal attacks, 2026-06: 7.7% of 78Personal attacks, 2026-07: 1.1% of 87Personal attacks, 2026-08: 4.5% of 67Personal attacks, 2026-09: 2.8% of 107Personal attacks, 2026-10: 0.0% of 65Policy criticismpeak 54.0% · Mar ’26 · latest 16.9%Policy criticism, 2025-01: 27.9% of 104Policy criticism, 2025-02: 33.7% of 98Policy criticism, 2025-03: 33.3% of 102Policy criticism, 2025-04: 37.6% of 85Policy criticism, 2025-05: 45.3% of 75Policy criticism, 2025-06: 36.6% of 93Policy criticism, 2025-07: 40.5% of 79Policy criticism, 2025-08: 50.7% of 75Policy criticism, 2025-09: 52.4% of 105Policy criticism, 2025-10: 49.5% of 91Policy criticism, 2025-11: 36.2% of 69Policy criticism, 2025-12: 28.6% of 77Policy criticism, 2026-01: 24.8% of 117Policy criticism, 2026-02: 41.6% of 89Policy criticism, 2026-03: 54.0% of 50Policy criticism, 2026-04: 25.0% of 76Policy criticism, 2026-05: 24.7% of 77Policy criticism, 2026-06: 42.3% of 78Policy criticism, 2026-07: 31.0% of 87Policy criticism, 2026-08: 25.4% of 67Policy criticism, 2026-09: 26.2% of 107Policy criticism, 2026-10: 16.9% of 65Policy discussionpeak 85.7% · Dec ’25 · latest 78.5%Policy discussion, 2025-01: 74.0% of 104Policy discussion, 2025-02: 71.4% of 98Policy discussion, 2025-03: 74.5% of 102Policy discussion, 2025-04: 80.0% of 85Policy discussion, 2025-05: 73.3% of 75Policy discussion, 2025-06: 71.0% of 93Policy discussion, 2025-07: 83.5% of 79Policy discussion, 2025-08: 73.3% of 75Policy discussion, 2025-09: 79.0% of 105Policy discussion, 2025-10: 73.6% of 91Policy discussion, 2025-11: 66.7% of 69Policy discussion, 2025-12: 85.7% of 77Policy discussion, 2026-01: 80.3% of 117Policy discussion, 2026-02: 68.5% of 89Policy discussion, 2026-03: 78.0% of 50Policy discussion, 2026-04: 84.2% of 76Policy discussion, 2026-05: 76.6% of 77Policy discussion, 2026-06: 70.5% of 78Policy discussion, 2026-07: 71.3% of 87Policy discussion, 2026-08: 83.6% of 67Policy discussion, 2026-09: 81.3% of 107Policy discussion, 2026-10: 78.5% of 65Bipartisanshippeak 25.0% · Jan ’25 · latest 1.5%Bipartisanship, 2025-01: 25.0% of 104Bipartisanship, 2025-02: 17.3% of 98Bipartisanship, 2025-03: 13.7% of 102Bipartisanship, 2025-04: 15.3% of 85Bipartisanship, 2025-05: 13.3% of 75Bipartisanship, 2025-06: 6.5% of 93Bipartisanship, 2025-07: 10.1% of 79Bipartisanship, 2025-08: 6.7% of 75Bipartisanship, 2025-09: 15.2% of 105Bipartisanship, 2025-10: 8.8% of 91Bipartisanship, 2025-11: 11.6% of 69Bipartisanship, 2025-12: 14.3% of 77Bipartisanship, 2026-01: 7.7% of 117Bipartisanship, 2026-02: 10.1% of 89Bipartisanship, 2026-03: 4.0% of 50Bipartisanship, 2026-04: 13.2% of 76Bipartisanship, 2026-05: 9.1% of 77Bipartisanship, 2026-06: 6.4% of 78Bipartisanship, 2026-07: 9.2% of 87Bipartisanship, 2026-08: 6.0% of 67Bipartisanship, 2026-09: 19.6% of 107Bipartisanship, 2026-10: 1.5% of 65Credit claimingpeak 32.7% · Jan ’25 · latest 20.0%Credit claiming, 2025-01: 32.7% of 104Credit claiming, 2025-02: 31.6% of 98Credit claiming, 2025-03: 26.5% of 102Credit claiming, 2025-04: 20.0% of 85Credit claiming, 2025-05: 17.3% of 75Credit claiming, 2025-06: 19.4% of 93Credit claiming, 2025-07: 22.8% of 79Credit claiming, 2025-08: 29.3% of 75Credit claiming, 2025-09: 29.5% of 105Credit claiming, 2025-10: 15.4% of 91Credit claiming, 2025-11: 29.0% of 69Credit claiming, 2025-12: 28.6% of 77Credit claiming, 2026-01: 22.2% of 117Credit claiming, 2026-02: 28.1% of 89Credit claiming, 2026-03: 20.0% of 50Credit claiming, 2026-04: 27.6% of 76Credit claiming, 2026-05: 28.6% of 77Credit claiming, 2026-06: 17.9% of 78Credit claiming, 2026-07: 9.2% of 87Credit claiming, 2026-08: 13.4% of 67Credit claiming, 2026-09: 14.9% of 107Credit claiming, 2026-10: 20.0% of 65Extreme labelspeak 7.1% · Apr ’25 · latest 0.0%Extreme labels, 2025-01: 2.9% of 104Extreme labels, 2025-02: 4.1% of 98Extreme labels, 2025-03: 1.0% of 102Extreme labels, 2025-04: 7.1% of 85Extreme labels, 2025-05: 4.0% of 75Extreme labels, 2025-06: 5.4% of 93Extreme labels, 2025-07: 1.3% of 79Extreme labels, 2025-08: 1.3% of 75Extreme labels, 2025-09: 0.9% of 105Extreme labels, 2025-10: 1.1% of 91Extreme labels, 2025-11: 4.3% of 69Extreme labels, 2025-12: 0.0% of 77Extreme labels, 2026-01: 4.3% of 117Extreme labels, 2026-02: 3.4% of 89Extreme labels, 2026-03: 4.0% of 50Extreme labels, 2026-04: 1.3% of 76Extreme labels, 2026-05: 3.9% of 77Extreme labels, 2026-06: 3.9% of 78Extreme labels, 2026-07: 1.1% of 87Extreme labels, 2026-08: 0.0% of 67Extreme labels, 2026-09: 0.0% of 107Extreme labels, 2026-10: 0.0% of 65Jan ’25Jul ’25Jan ’26Jul ’26Oct ’26
Show the data
Monthly rates for Chu, each row shaded against its own peak, with statement volume. Months with fewer than 10 statements are left blank.
ColumnStatementsPersonal attacksPolicy criticismPolicy discussionBipartisanshipCredit claimingExtreme labels
Jan ’251044.8%27.9%74.0%25.0%32.7%2.9%
Feb ’25988.2%33.7%71.4%17.3%31.6%4.1%
Mar ’2510210.8%33.3%74.5%13.7%26.5%1.0%
Apr ’25857.1%37.6%80.0%15.3%20.0%7.1%
May ’25752.7%45.3%73.3%13.3%17.3%4.0%
Jun ’25939.7%36.6%71.0%6.5%19.4%5.4%
Jul ’25791.3%40.5%83.5%10.1%22.8%1.3%
Aug ’25752.7%50.7%73.3%6.7%29.3%1.3%
Sep ’251052.9%52.4%79.0%15.2%29.5%0.9%
Oct ’25913.3%49.5%73.6%8.8%15.4%1.1%
Nov ’25697.2%36.2%66.7%11.6%29.0%4.3%
Dec ’25773.9%28.6%85.7%14.3%28.6%0.0%
Jan ’261179.4%24.8%80.3%7.7%22.2%4.3%
Feb ’26894.5%41.6%68.5%10.1%28.1%3.4%
Mar ’26500.0%54.0%78.0%4.0%20.0%4.0%
Apr ’267611.8%25.0%84.2%13.2%27.6%1.3%
May ’26775.2%24.7%76.6%9.1%28.6%3.9%
Jun ’26787.7%42.3%70.5%6.4%17.9%3.9%
Jul ’26871.1%31.0%71.3%9.2%9.2%1.1%
Aug ’26674.5%25.4%83.6%6.0%13.4%0.0%
Sep ’261072.8%26.2%81.3%19.6%14.9%0.0%
Oct ’26650.0%16.9%78.5%1.5%20.0%0.0%
How to read the strips

Each row is one kind of statement; each cell is a month, shaded against that row’s own peak (darker = closer to the peak), with the peak and the latest value written at the right. The top row counts statements. The strip covers every month of the 119th Congress, the same span as the rates above, including months with no statements. A month with fewer than 10 statements is hatched, not shaded: one or two posts would swing its rate to 0% or 100%.

In Chu’s words

Real statements from the classifier’s example set, with the labels it assigned

Personal attacks

The text of this post is on X; follow the source link to read it.

Sep 29, 2026 · Posts on X · personal attacks; policy discussion; Economics and Public Finance; target: Trump · Source

Policy criticism

The text of this post is on X; follow the source link to read it.

Oct 16, 2026 · Posts on X · policy criticism; policy discussion; Immigration; Health; Crime and Law Enforcement · Source

Extreme label

The text of this post is on X; follow the source link to read it.

Jul 2, 2026 · Posts on X · policy criticism; policy discussion; Health; extreme label “extreme” aimed at Republicans · Source

Examples by category

Up to five recent statements in each category

Category

Overtly questions a named person’s character, integrity or loyalty, or calls them names. Criticising a record or a policy does not count.

  1. Posts on X

    The text of this post is on X; follow the source link to read it.

    personal attacks · policy discussion · Economics and Public Finance · target: TrumpSource

  2. Press releases

    Rep. Chu Votes Against H.R. 5334 Over Expanded Presidential Tariff Powers WASHINGTON, D.C. — Today, Rep. Judy Chu (CA-28) voted against H.R. 5334, the Lindsey O. Graham Sanctioning Russia and Iran Act of 2026. Rep. Chu released the following statement: "I strongly support Ukraine and its fight for freedom and democracy. And I believe we should impose tough, meaningful sanctions on Vladimir Putin and those financing h…

    personal attacks · policy discussion · Foreign Trade and International Finance · International Affairs · Armed Forces and National Security · Economics and Public Finance · target: TrumpSource

  3. Posts on X

    The text of this post is on X; follow the source link to read it.

    personal attacks · policy discussion · Energy · Armed Forces and National Security · International Affairs · target: TrumpSource

  4. Posts on X

    The text of this post is on X; follow the source link to read it.

    personal attacks · policy discussion · Energy · Armed Forces and National Security · target: TrumpSource

  5. Posts on X

    The text of this post is on X; follow the source link to read it.

    personal attacks · policy discussion · Economics and Public Finance · Foreign Trade and International Finance · Armed Forces and National Security · Energy · Health · Taxation · target: TrumpSource

All 1,866 statements

Newest first, the 119th Congress

The full feed

Five statements at a time, newest first; filters apply to the statements loaded so far. Export saves the statements that match. Sources: 1,537 posts on X, 207 press releases, 90 Congressional Record speeches, 32 newsletters.

Back to topNext: Policy

Policy

Health is what Chu talks about most: 31% of policy statements, above the peer share. Talk and legislation agree at 0.69 on a 0–1 scale (House Democrats average 0.67; 87th of 216).

Each policy statement is tagged by the AI model with one or more of 25 policy areas from the Congressional Research Service list, so the shares say what Chu talks about. The bills Chu sponsors and cosponsors carry the same areas, so the two can be compared.

What Chu talks about

Share of policy statements by area, the 119th Congress

0%35%
Chu
Peers
Health438 statements
31%
26%
Economics and Public Finance285 statements
20%
20%
Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues244 statements
17%
13%
Emergency Management230 statements
16%
5%
Government Operations and Politics191 statements
13%
20%
Show the data
Policy areas Chu talks about, as a share of policy statements, against the House Democrats average.
RowChuPeers
Health31%26%
Economics and Public Finance20%20%
Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues17%13%
Emergency Management16%5%
Government Operations and Politics13%20%
How to read the bars

The thick bar is the share of Chu’s policy statements in an area; the thin grey bar is the average share for House Democrats. A statement counts once in each of its areas, so shares can add to more than 100%. The five largest areas are shown; the toggle shows the rest.

Talks about · legislates on

Left: share of statements by policy area. Right: share of bills. Areas in order of their share of statements; both sides run from 0 to 35%. Grey ticks are the House Democrats averages.

Talks aboutLegislates onHealthHealth, talks about: 31% (House Democrats 26%)31%Health, legislates on: 15% (House Democrats 16%)15%Economics and Public FinanceEconomics and Public Finance, talks about: 20% (House Democrats 20%)20%Economics and Public Finance, legislates on: 1% (House Democrats 1%)1%Civil Rights and Liberties,Minority IssuesCivil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues, talks about: 17% (House Democrats 13%)17%Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues, legislates on: 5% (House Democrats 5%)5%Emergency ManagementEmergency Management, talks about: 16% (House Democrats 5%)16%Emergency Management, legislates on: 1% (House Democrats 1%)1%Government Operations andPoliticsGovernment Operations and Politics, talks about: 13% (House Democrats 20%)13%Government Operations and Politics, legislates on: 9% (House Democrats 11%)9%
Show the data
Chu's share of statements against share of bills in each policy area.
AreaTalks aboutHouse Democrats, talks aboutLegislates onHouse Democrats, legislates on
Health31%26%15%16%
Economics and Public Finance20%20%1%1%
Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues17%13%5%5%
Emergency Management16%5%1%1%
Government Operations and Politics13%20%9%11%
0.69

talk-to-bills agreement, 0 to 1

House Democrats average 0.67. Ranks 87th of 216.

What agreement means, and what it doesn’t

Agreement is 1 minus the distance between the two distributions (Jensen–Shannon): 1 means Chu legislates on exactly the areas Chu talks about, in the same proportions; 0 means no overlap. It does not say whether the bills match the positions in the statements, only the subjects. Bills Chu sponsored count fully, cosponsored bills a quarter. Shown with at least 20 policy statements and 5 bills.

Back to topNext: Ideology

Ideology

Chu sits at −1.34 on the CSIP scale, left of 0, more liberal than 92% of House Democrats. Approximate range −1.36 to −1.32, which understates the uncertainty; from 2,373 donors and 7,414 roll calls.

CSIP, the lab’s Common-Space Ideal Point, places every official, federal and state, on one left–right scale, estimated from roll-call votes, who gives money to whom, and the text of statements. Negative is left of 0, positive right of it; 0 is the centre of the scale, not a definition of “moderate”.

−1.34

CSIP ideal point

Approximate range −1.36 to −1.32. From 2,373 donors and 7,414 roll calls. Run 2026-10-25T215945. Blue is left of 0, red right of 0.

← More liberalMore conservative →0Chu −1.3House Democrats −1.0All House +0.3

The outlined dot is Chu, coloured by its side of 0 (blue left, red right, deeper further out); the bar through it is the approximate range (±1.96 standard errors), which understates the uncertainty; the grey ticks below are the medians of Chu’s groups. 0 is the centre of the scale, not “moderate” by definition.

What this means, and what it doesn’t

The score summarises how an official votes, who funds them and how they talk, relative to everyone else. It does not grade positions as good or bad, and two officials with the same score can differ on any single issue. The ± range is 1.96 standard errors, which understates the uncertainty: scores whose ranges overlap may not differ at all, and even scores whose ranges do not overlap may not differ.

Where Chu sits

Every official in each group, on the CSIP scale

−2.0−1.00.0+1.0+2.0← More liberalMore conservative →House Democratsmedian −1.0Chu −1.3All Housemedian +0.3
Show the data
Chu's CSIP score of −1.34 placed against House Democrats, All House.
GroupOfficialsMedianShare left of Chu
House Democrats217−1.08%
All House439+0.34%
How to read the strips

Every small dot is one official on the same scale, coloured by its own score (blue left of 0, red right of 0, grey at 0, deeper further out) and spread up and down only to keep dots apart; where a group is crowded the dots overlap, and darker patches mean more officials. The large outlined dot is Chu in every row; the rule is each group’s median. The table under the figure gives the share of each group to the left of Chu.

Back to topNext: Money

Money

Chu raised $1.4M in the 2026 cycle, below the House Democrats’ median of $2.0M. 5.5% of individual money came in gifts of $200 or less. 95% of itemized individual money came from California.

Campaign money from Federal Election Commission filings, as aggregates only; the lab never shows an individual donor. Campaigns must report by name every person who gives them more than $200 in a cycle (“itemized”); smaller gifts are reported only as one total (“unitemized”), so donor counts, donor states, employers and occupations describe itemized donors only.

Election cycle
$1.4M

raised in the 2026 cycle

From 361 itemized donors. House Democrats’ median $2.0M.

Where the money came from

Each square is one percent of 2026-cycle receipts, from FEC summary totals.

Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Itemized individual (over $200): $818.5K (59.5%)Unitemized individual (gifts of $200 or less): $47.2K (3.4%)Unitemized individual (gifts of $200 or less): $47.2K (3.4%)Unitemized individual (gifts of $200 or less): $47.2K (3.4%)PACs and other committees: $510.2K (37.1%)PACs and other committees: $510.2K (37.1%)PACs and other committees: $510.2K (37.1%)PACs and other committees: $510.2K (37.1%)PACs and other committees: $510.2K (37.1%)PACs and other committees: $510.2K (37.1%)PACs and other committees: $510.2K (37.1%)PACs and other committees: $510.2K (37.1%)PACs and other committees: $510.2K (37.1%)PACs and other committees: $510.2K (37.1%)PACs and other committees: $510.2K (37.1%)PACs and other committees: $510.2K (37.1%)PACs and other committees: $510.2K (37.1%)PACs and other committees: $510.2K (37.1%)PACs and other committees: $510.2K (37.1%)PACs and other committees: $510.2K (37.1%)PACs and other committees: $510.2K (37.1%)PACs and other committees: $510.2K (37.1%)PACs and other committees: $510.2K (37.1%)PACs and other committees: $510.2K (37.1%)PACs and other committees: $510.2K (37.1%)PACs and other committees: $510.2K (37.1%)PACs and other committees: $510.2K (37.1%)PACs and other committees: $510.2K (37.1%)PACs and other committees: $510.2K (37.1%)PACs and other committees: $510.2K (37.1%)PACs and other committees: $510.2K (37.1%)PACs and other committees: $510.2K (37.1%)PACs and other committees: $510.2K (37.1%)PACs and other committees: $510.2K (37.1%)PACs and other committees: $510.2K (37.1%)PACs and other committees: $510.2K (37.1%)PACs and other committees: $510.2K (37.1%)PACs and other committees: $510.2K (37.1%)PACs and other committees: $510.2K (37.1%)PACs and other committees: $510.2K (37.1%)PACs and other committees: $510.2K (37.1%)
  • Itemized individual (over $200)60 squares$818.5K
  • Unitemized individual (gifts of $200 or less)3 squares$47.2K
  • PACs and other committees37 squares$510.2K
Show the data
Sources of Chu's money, 2026 cycle, one square per percent
SourceAmountShare
Itemized individual (over $200)$818.5K59.5%
Unitemized individual (gifts of $200 or less)$47.2K3.4%
PACs and other committees$510.2K37.1%
What this means, and what it doesn’t

Totals say how much a campaign took in, not how it was spent, and they rise sharply when a seat is up for election; compare cycles with that in mind. The small-donor share understates small giving when a campaign itemizes gifts made through ActBlue or WinRed.

Receipts by cycle

Total receipts, 2020 to 2026. The grey line is the House Democrats’ median for 2026.

2020 cycle: $1.2M$1.2M20202022 cycle: $1.6M$1.6M20222024 cycle: $1.9M$1.9M20242026 cycle: $1.4M$1.4M2026House Democrats median $2.0M
Show the data
Chu's receipts by cycle against the 2026 House Democrats median.
ItemValue
2020 cycle$1.2M
2022 cycle$1.6M
2024 cycle$1.9M
2026 cycle$1.4M

Top donor states, 2026

Itemized contributions by donor state. 95% came from California.

  1. California$461.7K
  2. District of Columbia$7,250
  3. Texas$4,500
  4. Virginia$3,500
  5. Nevada$3,500

Small donations

Gifts of $200 or less as a share of individual money, by cycle. The thin grey bar is the 2026 House Democrats’ median.

0%60%
Chu
Median
2026
5%
13%
2024
5%
13%
2022
7%
13%
2020
7%
13%
Show the data
Small-donor share by cycle against the House Democrats median
RowChuMedian
2026 cycle5%13%
2024 cycle5%13%
2022 cycle7%13%
2020 cycle7%13%

Where itemized donors live

Individuals who gave more than $200, by donor state

Alaska: no dataAKMaine: no dataMEVermont: no dataVTNew Hampshire: no dataNHWashington: $250WAIdaho: no dataIDMontana: no dataMTNorth Dakota: no dataNDMinnesota: no dataMNIllinois: no dataILWisconsin: no dataWIMichigan: no dataMINew York: $350NYRhode Island: no dataRIMassachusetts: $1,500MAOregon: $250ORNevada: $3,500NVWyoming: no dataWYSouth Dakota: no dataSDIowa: no dataIAIndiana: no dataINOhio: no dataOHPennsylvania: no dataPANew Jersey: no dataNJConnecticut: no dataCTCalifornia: $461.7KCAUtah: no dataUTColorado: no dataCONebraska: no dataNEMissouri: no dataMOKentucky: no dataKYWest Virginia: no dataWVVirginia: $3,500VAMaryland: $1,000MDDelaware: no dataDEArizona: no dataAZNew Mexico: no dataNMKansas: $3,500KSArkansas: no dataARTennessee: no dataTNNorth Carolina: no dataNCSouth Carolina: no dataSCDistrict of Columbia: $7,250DCOklahoma: no dataOKLouisiana: $350LAMississippi: no dataMSAlabama: no dataALGeorgia: no dataGAHawaii: $250HITexas: $4,500TXFlorida: no dataFL
Show the data
Chu's itemized individual contributions by donor state, 2026 cycle
StateValue
California$461.7K
District of Columbia$7,250
Texas$4,500
Nevada$3,500
Virginia$3,500
Kansas$3,500
Massachusetts$1,500
Maryland$1,000
New York$350
Louisiana$350
Washington$250
Oregon$250
Hawaii$250
AlaskaNo data
MaineNo data
VermontNo data
New HampshireNo data
IdahoNo data
MontanaNo data
North DakotaNo data
MinnesotaNo data
IllinoisNo data
WisconsinNo data
MichiganNo data
Rhode IslandNo data
WyomingNo data
South DakotaNo data
IowaNo data
IndianaNo data
OhioNo data
PennsylvaniaNo data
New JerseyNo data
ConnecticutNo data
UtahNo data
ColoradoNo data
NebraskaNo data
MissouriNo data
KentuckyNo data
West VirginiaNo data
DelawareNo data
ArizonaNo data
New MexicoNo data
ArkansasNo data
TennesseeNo data
North CarolinaNo data
South CarolinaNo data
OklahomaNo data
MississippiNo data
AlabamaNo data
GeorgiaNo data
FloridaNo data
361

itemized donors

People who gave more than $200

95%

from California

Of itemized individual dollars

How to read the map

Every state the same size. Darker states gave more itemized money; hatched states had no itemized donors; the outlined state is California. Gifts of $200 or less carry no address and are left out.

Donors’ ideology

Distribution of itemized donors’ own CSIP scores

CSIP −1.50 to −1.25: 53%53%CSIP −1.25 to −1.00: 31%CSIP −1.00 to −0.75: 7.3%CSIP −0.75 to −0.50: 1.0%CSIP −0.50 to −0.25: 2.0%CSIP −0.25 to 0.00: 4.9%CSIP 0.00 to +0.25: 0.4%CSIP +0.50 to +0.75: 0.2%CSIP +1.00 to +1.25: 0.1%← More liberalMore conservative →0
Show the data
Ideology of Chu's itemized donors in 2026, from −1.50 to +1.25: 53% between −1.50 and −1.25, 31% between −1.25 and −1.00, 7.3% between −1.00 and −0.75.
ItemValue
CSIP −1.50 to −1.2553%
CSIP −1.25 to −1.0031%
CSIP −1.00 to −0.757.3%
CSIP −0.75 to −0.501.0%
CSIP −0.50 to −0.252.0%
CSIP −0.25 to 0.004.9%
CSIP 0.00 to +0.250.4%
CSIP +0.50 to +0.750.2%
CSIP +1.00 to +1.250.1%
How to read the columns

Donors who give to many candidates get their own CSIP score. Each column is the share of Chu’s itemized money from donors in that part of the scale, blue left of 0 and red right of 0, deeper further out; Chu’s own score is −1.34.

Top donor occupations

Itemized, 2026 cycle.

  1. NOT EMPLOYED$57.5K 59 donors
  2. CEO$53.4K 33 donors
  3. PRESIDENT$41.8K 23 donors
  4. OWNER$27.1K 15 donors
  5. PHYSICIAN$22.3K 11 donors

Top committees

PAC and committee contributions, 2026 cycle.

  1. AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION PAC$10.0K
  2. AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE$10.0K
  3. AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY & MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES P E O P L E$10.0K
  4. AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION$10.0K
  5. INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE$10.0K

Top employers

Itemized, 2026 cycle.

No employers reported.

Aggregates only. Individual donors are never named.

Back to topNext: Votes

Votes

Chu voted with the majority of House Democrats on 99.5% of party-line votes and missed 0.3% of 674 roll calls. House Democrats on average: 96.4% party unity, 96.9% attendance. Across all roll calls, Chu voted against the majority of House Democrats 11 times.

674 roll calls Chu could vote on in the 119th Congress, compared with House Democrats. Attendance is the share with a vote recorded. Party unity counts only party-line roll calls, where most Democrats and most Republicans voted on opposite sides, and is the share of those where Chu voted with the majority of House Democrats. The count of votes against that majority covers every roll call where the majority took a side.

11

votes against the majority of House Democrats

Party unity 99.5%, House Democrats average 96.4%, ranks 36th of 217. 674 roll calls in the 119th Congress.

Attendance and party unity

The thick bar is Chu, the thin grey bar the House Democrats average. The scale runs from 80% to 100% to show the gap.

80%100%
Chu
Peers
Rank
Attendance
99.7%
96.9%
32nd of 217
Party unity
99.5%
96.4%
36th of 217
Show the data
Chu's attendance and party unity against House Democrats.
RowChuPeers
Attendance99.7%96.9%
Party unity99.5%96.4%
What this means, and what it doesn’t

A missed roll call has many causes, from illness to campaigning, so attendance says how often, not why. A vote against the majority can be on procedure as well as substance, and many fall on roll calls where both parties split; the key votes below show the ones that decided something.

Key votes

25 roll calls the lab flagged as key in the 119th Congress

Key votes
Party split (yea–nay)Why it’s key
Sep 16, 2026
S. 2403
Retire through Ownership Act
On Motion to Suspend the Rules and Pass
YeaWith majorityPassedD 209–0 · R 191–14 · I 1–0Democrats 209 yea, 0 nay; Republicans 191 yea, 14 nay; Independents 1 yea, 0 naybecame law
Sep 16, 2026
H.J.Res. 213
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule issued by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to the “California State Nonroad Engine Pollution Control Standards; Commercial Harbor Craft Regulations; Notice of Decision”
On Passage
NayWith majorityPassedD 3–207 · R 210–1 · I 1–0Democrats 3 yea, 207 nay; Republicans 210 yea, 1 nay; Independents 1 yea, 0 nayclose vote
Sep 16, 2026
H.R. 10326
PROOF Act
On Passage
NayWith majorityPassedD 6–206 · R 210–1 · I 1–0Democrats 6 yea, 206 nay; Republicans 210 yea, 1 nay; Independents 1 yea, 0 nayclose vote
Sep 16, 2026
H.R. 9576
National Fraud Enforcement Division Act
On Passage
NayAgainst majorityPassedD 139–72 · R 212–0 · I 1–0Democrats 139 yea, 72 nay; Republicans 212 yea, 0 nay; Independents 1 yea, 0 nayparty crossover
Sep 16, 2026
H.R. 5334
An Act to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to allow early childhood educators to take the educator expense deduction, and for other purposes
On Motion to Concur in the Senate Amendments
NayWith majorityPassedD 58–152 · R 203–7 · I 1–0Democrats 58 yea, 152 nay; Republicans 203 yea, 7 nay; Independents 1 yea, 0 naybecame law · party crossover
How key votes are chosen

Automatically: a final-passage or override vote where the measure became law, the margin was under 10%, at least 10% of either party voted against its majority, or the bill was among the 25 most mentioned in officials’ own statements. Up to 25 per window, most recent first; five are shown. Bars show yea on the left, nay on the right, per party.

Votes most often with

The colleagues who voted the same way as Chu most often

  1. Jill TokudaD670 shared votes99%
  2. Nanette BarragánD650 shared votes99%
  3. Jan SchakowskyD627 shared votes99%
  4. Dwight EvansD624 shared votes99%
  5. Alma AdamsD671 shared votes99%

Votes least often with

The colleagues who voted the same way as Chu least often

  1. Chip RoyR633 shared votes16%
  2. Ralph NormanR597 shared votes17%
  3. Eric BurlisonR642 shared votes17%
  4. Andy BiggsR607 shared votes18%
  5. Keith SelfR658 shared votes18%
How to read the agreement lists

The share of roll calls both members voted on where they voted the same way, among colleagues sharing at least 50 such votes. High agreement with members of the other party is common on routine votes.

Full voting record

119th Congress (2025–27), loads in batches

Back to topNext: Legislation

Legislation

Chu sponsored 44 bills in the 119th Congress; none became law. Cosponsored 722 others. 4.5% of sponsored bills got out of committee (House Democrats average 4.9%; 85th of 207).

The bills Chu sponsored and cosponsored in the 119th Congress, from the official bill records, and how far each got: introduced, referred to or acted on in committee, passed one chamber, passed both, became law. A bill counts at every stage it has reached, so the blocks only shrink to the right.

Bills by stage

Counts for the 119th Congress

Sponsored44 billsSponsored, Introduced: 4444Sponsored, In committee: 4444Sponsored, Passed one chamber: 11Sponsored, Passed both chambers: 00Sponsored, Became law: 00Cosponsored722 billsCosponsored, Introduced: 722722Cosponsored, In committee: 722722Cosponsored, Passed one chamber: 1414Cosponsored, Passed both chambers: 11Cosponsored, Became law: 11IntroducedIncommitteePassed onechamberPassed bothchambersBecamelaw
Show the data
Bills Chu sponsored and cosponsored, by furthest stage reached
RoleIntroducedIn committeePassed one chamberPassed both chambersBecame law
Sponsored4444100
Cosponsored7227221411
How to read the blocks

Ink blocks are bills Chu sponsored, ochre blocks bills Chu cosponsored; the figure above each block is the count. Most bills in any legislature never leave committee, so a short staircase is the norm.

4.5%

of sponsored bills got out of committee

House Democrats average 4.9%. Ranks 85th of 207.

Cosponsorship partners

Colleagues who most often cosponsor with Chu, by number of shared bills in the 119th Congress; the square shows their party.

  1. Eleanor Norton130
  2. Rashida Tlaib69
  3. Lateefah Simon51
  4. André Carson47
  5. Hank Johnson Jr.46
What this means, and what it doesn’t

The score is the share of sponsored bills that a committee reported out or a chamber passed, with at least 5 sponsored bills, ranked within the peer group. Members of the majority party and committee chairs move more bills, so the rank reflects position in the chamber as well as effort. Cosponsorship partners are the five colleagues who share the most of Chu’s bills; the toggle shows more.

Bill list

Sponsored and cosponsored, with status and policy area; five are shown, the toggle shows the rest

Bills sponsored and cosponsored
H.R. 10875To amend titles II and XVIII of the Social Security Act to lower the Medicare eligibility age to 50, and for other purposes.CosponsorOct 22, 2026In committeeUnassignedReferred to the Committee on Energy and Commerce, and in addition to the Committee on Ways and Means, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned. Oct 22, 2026
H.Res. 1627Reaffirming the commitment of the House of Representatives to preserve and expand pathways to citizenship.CosponsorOct 15, 2026In committeeImmigrationReferred to the House Committee on the Judiciary. Oct 15, 2026
H.Con.Res. 123Recognizing the disparity in wages paid to Latinas and the impact of that disparity on women, families, the economy, and the United States.CosponsorOct 6, 2026In committeeLabor and EmploymentReferred to the House Committee on Education and Workforce. Oct 6, 2026
H.Res. 1608Expressing support for the designation of October 5, 2026, as the "National Beyond the Milky Way Day" and celebrating a transformative achievement in American science.SponsorOct 5, 2026In committeeScience, Technology, CommunicationsReferred to the House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. Oct 5, 2026
H.Res. 1610Expressing support for the recognition of October 2026, as "World Menopause Awareness Month" and for global awareness and access to care during menopausal transition and post-menopause.CosponsorOct 5, 2026In committeeHealthReferred to the Committee on Energy and Commerce, and in addition to the Committees on Armed Services, and Veterans' Affairs, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned. Oct 5, 2026

Back to topNext: Online

Online

A site that changed 49 times in 90 days. Chu’s official site had 30 pages when last crawled on Oct 25, 2026. The lab last catalogued the images Chu posted on Oct 26, 2026.

The lab crawls Chu’s official and campaign websites (weekly for Congress, monthly for the states) and keeps every page’s text, so changes can be read later; it also records social accounts and describes the images Chu posts with a vision model.

Websites

  • Official site

    chu.house.gov

    Last crawled Oct 25, 2026

    30

    pages crawled

    49

    changes in 90 days

  • Campaign site

    www.judychu.org

    Last crawled Oct 25, 2026

    6

    pages crawled

    8

    changes in 90 days

How to read the counts

“Pages crawled” is the size of the site at the last crawl; “changes in 90 days” counts pages whose text differed from the previous crawl. Sites change for many routine reasons, such as new press releases, so a high count is not by itself notable.

Images Chu posted

The latest 24, with model-written descriptions

  • A promotional graphic for a student app competition. A large smartphone displays a messaging screen with notices about the competition and its deadline, while colorful hands hold the phone. Text is prominent throughout.
    A promotional graphic for a student app competition. A large smartphone displays a messaging screen with notices about the competition and its deadline, while colorful hands hold the phone. Text is prominent throughout.View post
  • A woman speaks at a podium during a presentation in a meeting room, with an audience seated in front of her. A large projected slide and a monitor display text and logos. Windows behind the presenter show trees and an outdoor area.
    A woman speaks at a podium during a presentation in a meeting room, with an audience seated in front of her. A large projected slide and a monitor display text and logos. Windows behind the presenter show trees and an outdoor area.View post
  • A woman speaks into a microphone from behind a lectern at an indoor event. A large display in front shows a university alumni logo, and a small plaque is mounted on the wall. There is also text on a projection screen and plaque.
    A woman speaks into a microphone from behind a lectern at an indoor event. A large display in front shows a university alumni logo, and a small plaque is mounted on the wall. There is also text on a projection screen and plaque.View post
  • A political campaign-style graphic overlays a grayscale photo of gas pump buttons. Large red and white lettering makes a claim about increased gas spending in California’s 28th district; a small campaign logo appears at the top.
    A political campaign-style graphic overlays a grayscale photo of gas pump buttons. Large red and white lettering makes a claim about increased gas spending in California’s 28th district; a small campaign logo appears at the top.View post
  • A Human Rights Campaign graphic celebrating a perfect score on a congressional scorecard. It features a large number, text, the U.S. Capitol building, an American flag, and the organization's logo.
    A Human Rights Campaign graphic celebrating a perfect score on a congressional scorecard. It features a large number, text, the U.S. Capitol building, an American flag, and the organization's logo.View post
About the descriptions

Written by a vision model and may be wrong. Open the post to see the original. Five are shown; the toggle shows the rest.

Back to topNext: Methods and sources

Methods and sources

How this page was made. Profile built Oct 28, 2026; site last built Oct 28, 2026. Every number on the page is computed from the sources listed here, by the same rules for every official; nothing is written by hand.

The headline

The headline is the measure on which Chu is most unusual among House Democrats, chosen by one rule for every official of every party. The candidates are the rate of each kind of statement and of extreme labels, party unity, attendance, the small-donor share, the in-state share and total receipts of the latest cycle, the share of sponsored bills that got out of committee, talk-to-bills agreement, and the CSIP score’s place within the party group.

The builder ranks every measure within the same peer group the page compares it with, and writes each official’s percentile: the share of the group below the value, ties counting half, so 0.5 is the median and a value shared by many never ranks first. A measure’s score is how far that percentile sits from the median (0 in the middle, 0.5 at either end), and the highest score leads if it is above 0.25, outside the middle half of the group. Scores within 0.03 of each other are a tie, broken in this order: votes against the party majority, kinds of statement, ideology, roll calls missed, small donations, in-state money, legislation, agreement, extreme labels, receipts.

A measure counts only with at least 200 statements, 100 roll calls or 5 sponsored bills behind it and a peer group of at least 10. Two things never lead: high party unity or attendance, where most members sit, and a high rate of a kind of statement backed by fewer than 10 statements. When nothing qualifies, the headline is a neutral fact instead: statements classified, or years in office. The wording always names the direction (“in the bottom 5% of …”, “votes against the majority of …”).

Identifiers

Profile id
C001080
Bioguide
C001080
FEC candidate ids
H0CA32101

Bulk files with the same data for every official:

Freshness of this profile’s data

  • What politicians sayOct 27, 20261 days agoMembers of Congress: tweets since 2017; press releases, newsletters and floor speeches since 2022. State legislators: tweets since May 2024. Governors: tweets since January 2025. Labels from an LLM classifier.
  • Roll calls (Congress)Sep 30, 202628 days agoVoteview roll calls, 113th Congress (2013) on.
  • Bills (Congress)Oct 22, 20266 days agoGovInfo BILLSTATUS: sponsors, cosponsors, actions, CRS policy area.
  • Campaign money (FEC)Oct 22, 20266 days agoFEC committee financial summaries (totals, small donations) and itemized contributions (donor counts, states, employers), cycles 2020-2026; aggregates only.
  • Ideology (CSIP)Oct 25, 20263 days agoCommon-Space Ideal Points (CSIP), current validated run.
  • WebsitesOct 25, 20263 days agoWeekly crawls of federal sites since April 2026; monthly state crawls since June 2026.
  • ImagesOct 28, 2026todayImages in members' tweets with vision-model descriptions.

How the measures work

What politicians say
Every post, press release, newsletter and congressional floor speech is read by a language model and marked for personal attacks, policy criticism, policy discussion, bipartisanship and credit claiming. A statement can be in several. Rates are shares of statements in the window. The methods paper.
Extreme labels
A statement has an extreme label when it calls a politician, party or policy “far left”, “far right”, “MAGA”, “extreme”, “radical”, “woke”, “fascist” or “communist”. The target is who the label is aimed at.
Policy areas and agreement
Statements and bills share 25 Congressional Research Service policy areas (state bills are assigned by a language model). Agreement is 1 − Jensen–Shannon distance between the two distributions, shown with at least 20 policy statements and 5 bills.
Ideology (CSIP)
Common-Space Ideal Points place federal and state officials on one left–right scale, estimated jointly from roll calls, campaign contributions and the text of statements, with standard errors. Only a validated run is shown. The methods paper.
Campaign money
Campaigns report by name only donors who give more than $200 in a cycle; smaller gifts are reported as one total. Federal totals and the small-donor share come from the FEC’s financial summaries of each campaign committee. Donor counts, donor states, employers and occupations cover itemized donors only. State filings report no small-gift totals, so state figures are itemized only. The lab never publishes donor names.
Votes and key votes
Attendance, party unity and the count of votes against the majority of an official’s own party come from roll calls (Voteview for Congress, chamber records for the states). Key votes are final-passage or override votes that became law, were decided by under 10%, saw at least 10% of a party vote against its majority, or concerned one of the 25 bills most mentioned in officials’ statements.
Peers and ranks
Comparisons are with the same party, chamber and level (for example House Democrats); state legislators are compared within their state and chamber for votes. Every comparison names its group. Rank 1 is the highest value in the group; tied values share the average of their ranks, and the percentile is the share of the group below the value, ties counting half.

America’s Political Pulse · Polarization Research Lab

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