Federal level · Current term
Democrats
Democrats in Congress
- statements analyzed
- 406,596
- officials covered
- 262
- last updated
- Oct 28, 2026
What members of Congress say in public
Floor speeches, press releases, newsletters and posts on X
We collect these statements and label each one as a personal attack, a criticism of policy, credit claiming, an appeal to bipartisanship or plain policy talk. The rules are the same for every member, so the numbers compare across members, parties and states.
What each party owns
This comparison needs both parties.
Each bar is the share of Democrats’ policy statements that name an area minus the share of Republicans’ that do, in percentage points, among 262 Democrats in Congress in the current term. Bars to the right are areas Democrats name more often; bars to the left, areas Republicans name more often. The AI model tags each policy statement with any of the Congressional Research Service’s 25 policy areas. The figures beside each bar are both parties’ shares.
This comparison needs both parties. It is on the United States dashboard.
Who stands out
The five highest rates on four kinds of statement among 262 Democrats in Congress. An official needs at least 50 statements in the current term to be ranked.
An AI model labels every statement. An official’s rate is the share of their statements that carry a label.
Most personal attacks
Overtly questions a named person’s character, integrity or loyalty, or calls them names. Criticising a record or a policy does not count.
- 1Christopher MurphyDU.S. Senate · Connecticut28%
- 2Chris Van HollenDU.S. Senate · Maryland23%
- 3Lloyd DoggettDU.S. House · TX-3723%
- 4Tammy DuckworthDU.S. Senate · Illinois22%
- 5Chuck SchumerDU.S. Senate · New York21%
Most credit claiming
Claims credit for passing legislation, securing funding or grants, or other accomplishments in office.
- 1Jon OssoffDU.S. Senate · Georgia58%
- 2John MannionDU.S. House · NY-2249%
- 3Eleanor NortonDU.S. House · DC at-large48%
- 4Ed CaseDU.S. House · HI-0148%
- 5Gabriel (Gabe) VasquezDU.S. House · NM-0247%
Most bipartisan language
Emphasises working across the aisle, compromise or common ground between the parties.
- 1Jon OssoffDU.S. Senate · Georgia50%
- 2John MannionDU.S. House · NY-2234%
- 3Emily RandallDU.S. House · WA-0633%
- 4Jared GoldenDU.S. House · ME-0233%
- 5Gary PetersDU.S. Senate · Michigan33%
Most policy-focused
Discusses a specific public policy or policy area (health care, taxes, defense, …).
- 1Christopher MurphyDU.S. Senate · Connecticut91%
- 2Jeanne ShaheenDU.S. Senate · New Hampshire90%
- 3John LarsonDU.S. House · CT-0189%
- 4Maria CantwellDU.S. Senate · Washington88%
- 5Jon OssoffDU.S. Senate · Georgia87%
Each official’s rates are on their profile and in the bulk file.
Party comparison
Democrats talk about policy in 74% of statements; 8.1% attack opponents personally and 2.1% use extreme labels. The most-discussed policy area is Health (26% of policy statements).
Each bar is the share of a party’s statements that carry a label, pooled across 262 Democrats in Congress in the current term. Officials who post more count more. A statement can carry several labels, so a party’s shares can sum to more than 100%.
Statements by label and party
Share of each party’s statements, the current term
- Personal attacks
- Policy criticism
- Policy discussion
- Bipartisanship
- Credit claiming
- Extreme labels
Show the data
| Measure | Democrats |
|---|---|
| Personal attacks | 8.1% |
| Policy criticism | 31% |
| Policy discussion | 74% |
| Bipartisanship | 11% |
| Credit claiming | 23% |
| Extreme labels | 2.1% |
The measures
Personal attacks. Overtly questions a named person’s character, integrity or loyalty, or calls them names. Criticising a record or a policy does not count.
Policy criticism. Objects to a specific policy, law or court ruling with fact-based arguments, without personal attacks or emotional appeals.
Policy discussion. Discusses a specific public policy or policy area (health care, taxes, defense, …).
Bipartisanship. Emphasises working across the aisle, compromise or common ground between the parties.
Credit claiming. Claims credit for passing legislation, securing funding or grants, or other accomplishments in office.
Extreme labels. Calls a politician, a party or a policy “far left”, “far right”, “MAGA”, “extreme”, “radical”, “woke”, “fascist” or “communist”.
Personal attacks by venue
Share of statements by 262 Democrats in Congress, the current term
Democrats’ personal-attack rate runs from 7.2% of their posts on X to 13.2% of their newsletters.
Show the data
| Venue | Democrats: personal attacks | Democrats: statements |
|---|---|---|
| Posts on X | 7.2% | 321634 |
| Press releases | 11.5% | 50330 |
| Newsletters | 13.2% | 11076 |
| Floor speeches | 10.6% | 23556 |
Notes
Each point is the share of a party’s statements in one venue that the AI model labelled a personal attack, pooled across members. A line joins each party’s four venues. A statement counts once and carries the label if any of its passages does.
Posts on X are 79% of the 406,596 statements here, so the pooled rates elsewhere on this page sit closest to the X points.
A party needs 50 statements in a venue before its point is drawn.
Polarization
The median Democrat scores −1.03 on the CSIP scale.
CSIP, the lab’s Common-Space Ideal Point, places every official on one left–right scale estimated from roll-call votes, campaign contributions and the text of their statements. Negative scores are to the left and positive scores to the right. The gap is the distance between the two parties’ medians.
CSIP scores by party
← More liberal · 0 · More conservative →
Show the data
| Group | Officials | Median |
|---|---|---|
| Democrats | 262 | −1.0 |
Gap between the party medians
By election cycle
The gap needs both parties.
Notes
Each dot is one official, blue left of 0 and red right of 0, darker further from 0. Overlapping dots form darker patches where officials cluster. The rule in each row marks the party median.
Each official’s score is on their profile, and the full table is in Downloads.
Trends in what politicians say
Policy discussion by Democrats moved most, from 72% of statements in Jan–Mar ’25 to 82% in Jul–Sep ’26.
Each strip is one label, with a row per party and a cell per month. Cells are shaded against the row’s own peak, and the peak and latest values are printed at the right. The sentence above each strip compares the first three complete months of the window with the last three. Party-months with fewer than 10 statements are hatched and excluded.
Monthly rates by party
Members of Congress, the current term · each row shaded against its own peak
Personal attacks
From Jan–Mar ’25 to Jul–Sep ’26, Democrats fell from 9.9% to 8.3%.
Show the data
| Column | Democrats |
|---|---|
| Jan ’25 | 7.1% |
| Feb ’25 | 12.3% |
| Mar ’25 | 10.2% |
| Apr ’25 | 8.1% |
| May ’25 | 7.0% |
| Jun ’25 | 6.3% |
| Jul ’25 | 6.3% |
| Aug ’25 | 5.6% |
| Sep ’25 | 6.4% |
| Oct ’25 | 6.6% |
| Nov ’25 | 7.4% |
| Dec ’25 | 7.7% |
| Jan ’26 | 10.7% |
| Feb ’26 | 9.7% |
| Mar ’26 | 7.5% |
| Apr ’26 | 9.5% |
| May ’26 | 8.0% |
| Jun ’26 | 8.6% |
| Jul ’26 | 8.9% |
| Aug ’26 | 8.4% |
| Sep ’26 | 7.4% |
| Oct ’26 | 6.8% |
Extreme labels
From Jan–Mar ’25 to Jul–Sep ’26, Democrats fell from 2.6% to 1.3%.
Show the data
| Column | Democrats |
|---|---|
| Jan ’25 | 2.5% |
| Feb ’25 | 2.8% |
| Mar ’25 | 2.5% |
| Apr ’25 | 2.4% |
| May ’25 | 2.0% |
| Jun ’25 | 2.8% |
| Jul ’25 | 1.9% |
| Aug ’25 | 2.6% |
| Sep ’25 | 2.6% |
| Oct ’25 | 3.0% |
| Nov ’25 | 2.2% |
| Dec ’25 | 1.4% |
| Jan ’26 | 1.4% |
| Feb ’26 | 2.7% |
| Mar ’26 | 2.2% |
| Apr ’26 | 1.3% |
| May ’26 | 2.1% |
| Jun ’26 | 2.8% |
| Jul ’26 | 1.7% |
| Aug ’26 | 1.1% |
| Sep ’26 | 1.1% |
| Oct ’26 | 0.9% |
Bipartisanship
From Jan–Mar ’25 to Jul–Sep ’26, Democrats fell from 12% to 9.7%.
Show the data
| Column | Democrats |
|---|---|
| Jan ’25 | 15.3% |
| Feb ’25 | 11.7% |
| Mar ’25 | 10.4% |
| Apr ’25 | 10.0% |
| May ’25 | 9.3% |
| Jun ’25 | 9.4% |
| Jul ’25 | 9.0% |
| Aug ’25 | 7.2% |
| Sep ’25 | 13.9% |
| Oct ’25 | 12.2% |
| Nov ’25 | 11.6% |
| Dec ’25 | 14.8% |
| Jan ’26 | 10.4% |
| Feb ’26 | 9.1% |
| Mar ’26 | 11.0% |
| Apr ’26 | 9.9% |
| May ’26 | 11.1% |
| Jun ’26 | 13.1% |
| Jul ’26 | 11.3% |
| Aug ’26 | 7.5% |
| Sep ’26 | 10.4% |
| Oct ’26 | 7.1% |
Policy discussion
From Jan–Mar ’25 to Jul–Sep ’26, Democrats rose from 72% to 82%.
Show the data
| Column | Democrats |
|---|---|
| Jan ’25 | 70.2% |
| Feb ’25 | 73.6% |
| Mar ’25 | 70.7% |
| Apr ’25 | 71.1% |
| May ’25 | 71.9% |
| Jun ’25 | 73.4% |
| Jul ’25 | 74.4% |
| Aug ’25 | 72.5% |
| Sep ’25 | 69.8% |
| Oct ’25 | 73.3% |
| Nov ’25 | 69.8% |
| Dec ’25 | 75.1% |
| Jan ’26 | 82.3% |
| Feb ’26 | 67.3% |
| Mar ’26 | 71.0% |
| Apr ’26 | 78.0% |
| May ’26 | 72.5% |
| Jun ’26 | 71.7% |
| Jul ’26 | 78.5% |
| Aug ’26 | 85.2% |
| Sep ’26 | 81.0% |
| Oct ’26 | 81.3% |
Notes
Oct ’26 is incomplete (data through Oct 28, 2026). It is drawn but excluded from every comparison.
No party-month here has fewer than ten statements.
Personal attacks by month
Members of Congress, Jan 2025 to Oct 2026 · Oct ’26 incomplete
Democrats’ personal attacks peaked in Feb 2025, at 12.3% of statements, the month after the inauguration. In Sep 2026, the last complete month, the rates were 7.4% for Democrats.
Show the data
| Date | Democrats |
|---|---|
| Oct 2026 | 6.8% |
| Sep 2026 | 7.4% |
| Aug 2026 | 8.4% |
| Jul 2026 | 8.9% |
| Jun 2026 | 8.6% |
| May 2026 | 8.0% |
| Apr 2026 | 9.5% |
| Mar 2026 | 7.5% |
| Feb 2026 | 9.7% |
| Jan 2026 | 10.7% |
| Dec 2025 | 7.7% |
| Nov 2025 | 7.4% |
| Oct 2025 | 6.6% |
| Sep 2025 | 6.4% |
| Aug 2025 | 5.6% |
| Jul 2025 | 6.3% |
| Jun 2025 | 6.3% |
| May 2025 | 7.0% |
| Apr 2025 | 8.1% |
| Mar 2025 | 10.2% |
| Feb 2025 | 12.3% |
| Jan 2025 | 7.1% |
- 1Jan 20, 2025 Inauguration · calendar
- 2Apr 13, 2025 Arson at the Pennsylvania governor’s residence · lab violence record
- 3Jun 14, 2025 Two Minnesota legislators and their spouses shot at their homes · lab violence record
- 4Sep 10, 2025 Charlie Kirk shot in Orem, Utah · lab violence record
Notes
Each line is the monthly share of a party’s statements that the AI model labelled a personal attack, pooled across officials. The numbered rules mark acts of political violence from the lab’s record and fixed dates on the political calendar. They date events and make no claim about cause.
Party-months with fewer than 10 statements are omitted and break the line. Oct ’26 is incomplete; it is drawn but never counted as a peak.
Policy topics
Government Operations and Politics led in Sep ’26, named in 23% of policy statements. Science, Technology, Communications rose most from Aug ’26 (+5.1 pts); Agriculture and Food fell most (−1.7 pts).
The AI model tags each policy statement with any of 25 policy areas, so shares can sum to more than 100%. A share is the percentage of a month’s policy statements by members of Congress that name the area. The lists compare the last two complete months, with changes in percentage points. A month needs at least ten policy statements to be compared.
Most discussed, Sep ’26
13,235 policy statements; change since Aug ’26 in grey
- Government Operations and Politics23% +2.8 pts
- Armed Forces and National Security19% +1.9 pts
- Health19% −0.8 pts
- Economics and Public Finance19% −1.4 pts
- Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues13% +1.1 pts
Rising
Up most since Aug ’26
- Science, Technology, Communications+5.1 pts
- Energy+3.0 pts
- Government Operations and Politics+2.8 pts
Falling
Down most since Aug ’26
- Agriculture and Food−1.7 pts
- Emergency Management−1.6 pts
- Economics and Public Finance−1.4 pts
States
Officials’ personal attacks and residents’ affective polarization are barely related across states. Personal attacks run from 0.2% of statements in Kansas to 18.0% in Tennessee; affective polarization runs from 47 points in Alaska to 56 in Maine. Across the 39 states on both maps, the correlation is −0.01.
The left map is the share of statements by each state’s congressional delegation that the AI model labelled a personal attack, the current term (members of Congress, by the state they represent). The right map is the lab’s survey estimate of affective polarization in each state: residents’ rating of their own party minus their rating of the other, on a 0–100 thermometer. Each state is a square of the same size, shaded by quintile; darker is higher.
Personal attacks by state
Share of statements, the current term · members of Congress
Show the data
| State | Personal attacks | Statements | Fifth |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tennessee | 18.0% | 1457 | 5 of 5 |
| Massachusetts | 12.9% | 18654 | 5 of 5 |
| Vermont | 11.9% | 4119 | 5 of 5 |
| Rhode Island | 11.7% | 12293 | 5 of 5 |
| Connecticut | 10.8% | 12908 | 5 of 5 |
| Hawaii | 10.5% | 4131 | 5 of 5 |
| Colorado | 10.4% | 10221 | 5 of 5 |
| South Carolina | 9.8% | 1014 | 5 of 5 |
| Maryland | 9.6% | 13002 | 4 of 5 |
| Illinois | 9.4% | 26780 | 4 of 5 |
| Washington | 9.4% | 16912 | 4 of 5 |
| Virginia | 9.3% | 15900 | 4 of 5 |
| Texas | 9.1% | 17515 | 4 of 5 |
| Wisconsin | 8.9% | 5280 | 4 of 5 |
| New York | 8.4% | 32410 | 4 of 5 |
| Arizona | 8.3% | 9542 | 4 of 5 |
| Oregon | 8.0% | 11803 | 3 of 5 |
| New Mexico | 7.7% | 9067 | 3 of 5 |
| Mississippi | 7.7% | 895 | 3 of 5 |
| California | 7.7% | 57663 | 3 of 5 |
| New Jersey | 7.3% | 19903 | 3 of 5 |
| Delaware | 7.1% | 4202 | 3 of 5 |
| Kentucky | 6.6% | 1254 | 3 of 5 |
| Minnesota | 6.3% | 9849 | 3 of 5 |
| Florida | 6.1% | 10400 | 2 of 5 |
| Pennsylvania | 5.9% | 10895 | 2 of 5 |
| Michigan | 5.9% | 12763 | 2 of 5 |
| Georgia | 5.5% | 6259 | 2 of 5 |
| Maine | 5.4% | 1136 | 2 of 5 |
| Missouri | 5.4% | 3507 | 2 of 5 |
| Ohio | 5.2% | 9474 | 2 of 5 |
| Nevada | 4.7% | 12162 | 2 of 5 |
| District of Columbia | 3.0% | 1050 | 1 of 5 |
| Alabama | 3.0% | 1807 | 1 of 5 |
| North Carolina | 3.0% | 5849 | 1 of 5 |
| New Hampshire | 2.9% | 7288 | 1 of 5 |
| Louisiana | 2.6% | 2284 | 1 of 5 |
| Indiana | 2.3% | 1435 | 1 of 5 |
| Kansas | 0.2% | 1966 | 1 of 5 |
| Alaska | No data | — | — |
| Arkansas | No data | — | — |
| Iowa | No data | — | — |
| Idaho | No data | — | — |
| Montana | No data | — | — |
| North Dakota | No data | — | — |
| Nebraska | No data | — | — |
| Oklahoma | No data | — | — |
| South Dakota | No data | — | — |
| Utah | No data | — | — |
| West Virginia | No data | — | — |
| Wyoming | No data | — | — |
Affective polarization by state
Own-party minus other-party thermometer rating, 0–100 · survey estimate as of Oct 27, 2026
Show the data
| State | Affective polarization (points) | Respondents | Fifth |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maine | 55.5 | 510 | 5 of 5 |
| North Carolina | 53.6 | 3673 | 5 of 5 |
| Montana | 53.5 | 431 | 5 of 5 |
| Wyoming | 53.4 | 227 | 5 of 5 |
| Vermont | 53.1 | 230 | 5 of 5 |
| Virginia | 53.0 | 3323 | 5 of 5 |
| Iowa | 52.9 | 1219 | 5 of 5 |
| Nevada | 52.9 | 1723 | 5 of 5 |
| Alabama | 52.8 | 1760 | 5 of 5 |
| Massachusetts | 52.6 | 1928 | 5 of 5 |
| Minnesota | 52.5 | 2116 | 5 of 5 |
| Washington | 52.5 | 3244 | 4 of 5 |
| Arizona | 52.5 | 3353 | 4 of 5 |
| Michigan | 52.4 | 3821 | 4 of 5 |
| Florida | 52.4 | 10075 | 4 of 5 |
| New Jersey | 52.4 | 3197 | 4 of 5 |
| Rhode Island | 52.3 | 327 | 4 of 5 |
| Ohio | 52.3 | 5062 | 4 of 5 |
| South Carolina | 52.2 | 1853 | 4 of 5 |
| Mississippi | 52.0 | 791 | 4 of 5 |
| Indiana | 52.0 | 2423 | 4 of 5 |
| New Mexico | 51.9 | 949 | 3 of 5 |
| Wisconsin | 51.8 | 2502 | 3 of 5 |
| Pennsylvania | 51.8 | 5743 | 3 of 5 |
| Connecticut | 51.8 | 1102 | 3 of 5 |
| Tennessee | 51.8 | 2608 | 3 of 5 |
| Missouri | 51.7 | 2517 | 3 of 5 |
| Texas | 51.6 | 11953 | 3 of 5 |
| Arkansas | 51.6 | 1088 | 3 of 5 |
| Oregon | 51.5 | 2259 | 3 of 5 |
| New Hampshire | 51.5 | 456 | 3 of 5 |
| Georgia | 51.4 | 4539 | 2 of 5 |
| Colorado | 51.4 | 2192 | 2 of 5 |
| South Dakota | 51.3 | 397 | 2 of 5 |
| North Dakota | 51.2 | 269 | 2 of 5 |
| Nebraska | 51.2 | 717 | 2 of 5 |
| Louisiana | 51.1 | 1346 | 2 of 5 |
| Hawaii | 50.8 | 398 | 2 of 5 |
| District of Columbia | 50.7 | 398 | 2 of 5 |
| California | 50.7 | 13813 | 2 of 5 |
| West Virginia | 50.3 | 834 | 2 of 5 |
| Idaho | 50.3 | 684 | 1 of 5 |
| Kansas | 50.0 | 982 | 1 of 5 |
| Illinois | 49.8 | 5019 | 1 of 5 |
| Delaware | 49.4 | 430 | 1 of 5 |
| Maryland | 49.3 | 1891 | 1 of 5 |
| Oklahoma | 49.2 | 1325 | 1 of 5 |
| Kentucky | 49.0 | 1802 | 1 of 5 |
| New York | 48.7 | 9106 | 1 of 5 |
| Utah | 47.7 | 1053 | 1 of 5 |
| Alaska | 47.4 | 360 | 1 of 5 |
Show the 95% intervals
| State | Estimate | 95% interval | Respondents |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maine | 55.5 | 53.5–57.3 | 510 |
| North Carolina | 53.6 | 52.4–54.7 | 3673 |
| Montana | 53.5 | 51.2–55.3 | 431 |
| Wyoming | 53.4 | 50.7–56.3 | 227 |
| Vermont | 53.1 | 49.9–55.5 | 230 |
| Virginia | 53.0 | 51.7–54.5 | 3323 |
| Iowa | 52.9 | 51.4–54.6 | 1219 |
| Nevada | 52.9 | 51.3–54.1 | 1723 |
| Alabama | 52.8 | 51.0–54.6 | 1760 |
| Massachusetts | 52.6 | 50.6–54.4 | 1928 |
| Minnesota | 52.5 | 51.0–53.8 | 2116 |
| Washington | 52.5 | 51.0–53.9 | 3244 |
| Arizona | 52.5 | 51.2–53.7 | 3353 |
| Michigan | 52.4 | 51.5–53.6 | 3821 |
| Florida | 52.4 | 51.5–53.4 | 10075 |
| New Jersey | 52.4 | 51.3–53.6 | 3197 |
| Rhode Island | 52.3 | 50.3–54.8 | 327 |
| Ohio | 52.3 | 51.4–53.2 | 5062 |
| South Carolina | 52.2 | 50.8–53.9 | 1853 |
| Mississippi | 52.0 | 50.1–53.6 | 791 |
| Indiana | 52.0 | 50.6–53.2 | 2423 |
| New Mexico | 51.9 | 49.9–53.8 | 949 |
| Wisconsin | 51.8 | 50.4–53.0 | 2502 |
| Pennsylvania | 51.8 | 50.8–52.8 | 5743 |
| Connecticut | 51.8 | 49.9–53.6 | 1102 |
| Tennessee | 51.8 | 50.4–53.4 | 2608 |
| Missouri | 51.7 | 50.3–53.1 | 2517 |
| Texas | 51.6 | 50.7–52.5 | 11953 |
| Arkansas | 51.6 | 49.5–53.6 | 1088 |
| Oregon | 51.5 | 50.0–53.0 | 2259 |
| New Hampshire | 51.5 | 49.3–53.2 | 456 |
| Georgia | 51.4 | 50.4–52.5 | 4539 |
| Colorado | 51.4 | 49.9–52.8 | 2192 |
| South Dakota | 51.3 | 49.2–53.6 | 397 |
| North Dakota | 51.2 | 48.6–53.6 | 269 |
| Nebraska | 51.2 | 49.4–53.0 | 717 |
| Louisiana | 51.1 | 49.8–52.6 | 1346 |
| Hawaii | 50.8 | 48.2–53.2 | 398 |
| District of Columbia | 50.7 | 46.4–54.3 | 398 |
| California | 50.7 | 49.2–51.9 | 13813 |
| West Virginia | 50.3 | 48.4–52.9 | 834 |
| Idaho | 50.3 | 48.1–52.6 | 684 |
| Kansas | 50.0 | 48.4–51.6 | 982 |
| Illinois | 49.8 | 48.4–51.0 | 5019 |
| Delaware | 49.4 | 46.9–51.4 | 430 |
| Maryland | 49.3 | 47.0–51.2 | 1891 |
| Oklahoma | 49.2 | 47.6–51.2 | 1325 |
| Kentucky | 49.0 | 47.6–50.6 | 1802 |
| New York | 48.7 | 47.6–49.8 | 9106 |
| Utah | 47.7 | 45.9–49.4 | 1053 |
| Alaska | 47.4 | 45.0–49.4 | 360 |
Notes
Each map is cut at the quintiles of its own measure, so each shade holds about ten states. The correlation in the headline compares the two maps.
States whose officials made fewer than 100 statements in the window are hatched and excluded. The survey estimates come from a multilevel model fit to every wave (MRP), which also estimates small states. Most states fall within a few points of each other; the 95% intervals are in the table.
Challengers and incumbents
Incumbents post personal attacks more often than the challengers they face. On posts on X since Oct 1, 2025, the median challenger’s rate is 3.9% and the median incumbent’s 5.1%; 38 of 84 challengers post personal attacks more often than the incumbent they face and 45 less often, across 79 House and Senate races with both sides measured. The widest Senate gap is in Colorado, 7.8 points.
Every 2026 House and Senate race with an incumbent running and at least one challenger. A candidate’s rate is the share of their posts on X that the AI model labelled a personal attack. Both sides are measured over the same months, since Oct 1, 2025, and incumbents’ press releases, newsletters and floor speeches are excluded. Candidates with fewer than 10 posts are left out.
Incumbents and challengers
Personal attacks, share of posts on X · 79 incumbents, 84 challengers · rates above 20% are drawn at the edge
Show the data
| Race | Candidate | Party | Status | Posts on X | Personal attacks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| California 13th District | Adam Gray | Democrats | Incumbent | 100 | 0.0% |
| California 13th District | Kevin Lincoln II | Republicans | Challenger | 283 | 2.1% |
| California 17th District | Rohit Khanna | Democrats | Incumbent | 279 | 1.4% |
| California 17th District | Ritesh Tandon | Republicans | Challenger | 220 | 8.2% |
| California 18th District | Zoe Lofgren | Democrats | Incumbent | 489 | 8.4% |
| California 18th District | Shane Lewis | Republicans | Challenger | 166 | 0.0% |
| California 24th District | Salud Carbajal | Democrats | Incumbent | 395 | 5.6% |
| California 24th District | Robert Smith | Republicans | Challenger | 195 | 0.0% |
| California 25th District | Raul Ruiz | Democrats | Incumbent | 332 | 6.6% |
| California 25th District | Joe Males | Republicans | Challenger | 46 | 0.0% |
| California 31st District | Gilbert Cisneros | Democrats | Incumbent | 719 | 6.7% |
| California 31st District | Gilbert Cisneros | Democrats | Challenger | 24 | 0.0% |
| California 32nd District | Brad Sherman | Democrats | Incumbent | 498 | 6.0% |
| California 32nd District | Larry Thompson | Republicans | Challenger | 193 | 4.7% |
| California 34th District | Jimmy Gomez | Democrats | Incumbent | 344 | 19.5% |
| California 34th District | Angela Gonzales-Torres | Democrats | Challenger | 166 | 7.8% |
| California 35th District | Norma Torres | Democrats | Incumbent | 589 | 5.8% |
| California 35th District | Mike Cargile | Republicans | Challenger | 965 | 9.3% |
| California 36th District | Ted Lieu | Democrats | Incumbent | 621 | 11.3% |
| California 36th District | Houston Brignano | Republicans | Challenger | 206 | 0.0% |
| California 4th District | Mike Thompson | Democrats | Incumbent | 1267 | 1.2% |
| California 4th District | Eric Jones | Democrats | Challenger | 304 | 1.3% |
| California 46th District | Lou Correa | Democrats | Incumbent | 180 | 0.0% |
| California 46th District | David Pan | Republicans | Challenger | 255 | 0.0% |
| California 7th District | Doris Matsui | Democrats | Incumbent | 560 | 8.4% |
| California 7th District | Mai Vang | Democrats | Challenger | 153 | 2.6% |
| California 8th District | John Garamendi | Democrats | Incumbent | 435 | 15.9% |
| California 8th District | Rudy Recile | Republicans | Challenger | 564 | 1.1% |
| California 9th District | Josh Harder | Democrats | Incumbent | 277 | 0.4% |
| California 9th District | John Mcbride | Republicans | Challenger | 837 | 4.1% |
| Colorado 1st District | Diana Degette | Democrats | Incumbent | 384 | 11.2% |
| Colorado 1st District | Melat Kiros | Democrats | Challenger | 436 | 3.4% |
| Colorado Senate | John Hickenlooper | Democrats | Incumbent | 1134 | 7.8% |
| Colorado Senate | Mark Baisley | Republicans | Challenger | 78 | 0.0% |
| Connecticut 1st District | John Larson | Democrats | Incumbent | 1407 | 11.8% |
| Connecticut 1st District | Luke Bronin | Democrats | Challenger | 248 | 6.5% |
| Connecticut 5th District | Jahana Hayes | Democrats | Incumbent | 624 | 0.2% |
| Connecticut 5th District | Chris Shea | Republicans | Challenger | 266 | 7.1% |
| Delaware At-Large | Sarah Mcbride | Democrats | Incumbent | 428 | 6.1% |
| Delaware At-Large | Lee Murphy | Republicans | Challenger | 42 | 30.9% |
| Delaware Senate | Christopher Coons | Democrats | Incumbent | 674 | 9.3% |
| Delaware Senate | Michael Katz | Republicans | Challenger | 32 | 3.1% |
| Florida 25th District | Jared Moskowitz | Democrats | Incumbent | 982 | 6.6% |
| Florida 25th District | Scott Singer | Republicans | Challenger | 611 | 2.6% |
| Florida 25th District | George Moraitis | Republicans | Challenger | 160 | 1.3% |
| Georgia 13th District | David Scott | Democrats | Incumbent | 41 | 9.8% |
| Georgia 13th District | Jonathan Chavez | Republicans | Challenger | 17 | 5.9% |
| Georgia 13th District | Jasmine Clark | Democrats | Challenger | 531 | 4.5% |
| Georgia Senate | Jon Ossoff | Democrats | Incumbent | 89 | 5.6% |
| Georgia Senate | Michael Collins Jr | Republicans | Challenger | 1523 | 4.9% |
| Georgia Senate | Derek Dooley | Republicans | Challenger | 486 | 2.7% |
| Illinois 1st District | Jonathan Jackson | Democrats | Incumbent | 486 | 6.0% |
| Illinois 1st District | Christian Maxwell | Republicans | Challenger | 5405 | 6.3% |
| Illinois 11th District | Bill Foster | Democrats | Incumbent | 428 | 5.1% |
| Illinois 11th District | Jeffrey Walter | Republicans | Challenger | 902 | 0.4% |
| Illinois 14th District | Lauren Underwood | Democrats | Incumbent | 178 | 2.8% |
| Illinois 14th District | James Marter | Republicans | Challenger | 287 | 12.9% |
| Illinois 17th District | Eric Sorensen | Democrats | Incumbent | 512 | 1.2% |
| Illinois 17th District | Dillan Vancil | Republicans | Challenger | 14 | 7.1% |
| Illinois 3rd District | Delia Ramirez | Democrats | Incumbent | 1441 | 12.9% |
| Illinois 3rd District | Angel Oakley | Republicans | Challenger | 102 | 1.0% |
| Indiana 1st District | Frank Mrvan | Democrats | Incumbent | 231 | 0.9% |
| Indiana 1st District | Barb Regnitz | Republicans | Challenger | 121 | 3.3% |
| Louisiana 6th District | Cleo Fields | Democrats | Incumbent | 51 | 0.0% |
| Louisiana 6th District | Larry Davis III | Republicans | Challenger | 63 | 4.8% |
| Massachusetts Senate | Edward Markey | Democrats | Incumbent | 1221 | 10.9% |
| Massachusetts Senate | John Deaton | Republicans | Challenger | 2560 | 10.0% |
| Maryland 6th District | April Delaney | Democrats | Incumbent | 700 | 7.0% |
| Maryland 6th District | Robin Ficker | Republicans | Challenger | 116 | 4.3% |
| Maryland 8th District | Jamie Raskin | Democrats | Incumbent | 560 | 15.4% |
| Maryland 8th District | Cheryl Riley | Republicans | Challenger | 1137 | 11.8% |
| Maine 1st District | Chellie Pingree | Democrats | Incumbent | 159 | 13.2% |
| Maine 1st District | Ronald Russell | Republicans | Challenger | 61 | 4.9% |
| Michigan 13th District | Shri Thanedar | Democrats | Incumbent | 1347 | 22.0% |
| Michigan 13th District | Donavan Mckinney | Democrats | Challenger | 352 | 3.1% |
| Minnesota 3rd District | Kelly Morrison | Democrats | Incumbent | 622 | 6.9% |
| Minnesota 3rd District | Tyler Bass | Republicans | Challenger | 138 | 14.5% |
| Minnesota 5th District | Ilhan Omar | Democrats | Incumbent | 412 | 5.1% |
| Minnesota 5th District | John Nagel | Republicans | Challenger | 4600 | 12.2% |
| Mississippi 2nd District | Bennie Thompson | Democrats | Incumbent | 314 | 9.9% |
| Mississippi 2nd District | Ron Eller | Republicans | Challenger | 163 | 3.1% |
| North Carolina 1st District | Don Davis | Democrats | Incumbent | 1034 | 0.0% |
| North Carolina 1st District | Laurie Buckhout | Republicans | Challenger | 553 | 6.2% |
| North Carolina 12th District | Alma Adams | Democrats | Incumbent | 116 | 3.5% |
| North Carolina 12th District | John Codiga | Republicans | Challenger | 122 | 4.1% |
| North Carolina 2nd District | Deborah Ross | Democrats | Incumbent | 609 | 5.9% |
| North Carolina 2nd District | Eugene Douglass | Republicans | Challenger | 5278 | 24.1% |
| North Carolina 4th District | Valerie Foushee | Democrats | Incumbent | 692 | 4.2% |
| North Carolina 4th District | Nida Allam | Democrats | Challenger | 201 | 2.5% |
| New Hampshire 1st District | Chris Pappas | Democrats | Incumbent | 888 | 0.8% |
| New Hampshire 1st District | Stefany Shaheen | Democrats | Challenger | 859 | 4.4% |
| New Hampshire 1st District | Anthony Dilorenzo | Republicans | Challenger | 357 | 2.2% |
| New Hampshire 2nd District | Maggie Goodlander | Democrats | Incumbent | 796 | 1.9% |
| New Hampshire 2nd District | Lily Williams | Republicans | Challenger | 3659 | 2.6% |
| New Jersey 11th District | Mikie Sherrill | Democrats | Incumbent | 415 | 3.6% |
| New Jersey 11th District | Joe Hathaway | Republicans | Challenger | 771 | 3.5% |
| New Jersey 11th District | Analilia Mejia | Democrats | Challenger | 816 | 2.3% |
| New Jersey 3rd District | Herb Conaway | Democrats | Incumbent | 147 | 12.2% |
| New Jersey 3rd District | Michael Mcguire | Republicans | Challenger | 362 | 6.9% |
| New Jersey 5th District | Josh Gottheimer | Democrats | Incumbent | 1394 | 1.6% |
| New Jersey 5th District | Sean Kirrane | Republicans | Challenger | 160 | 3.8% |
| New Jersey 6th District | Frank Pallone Jr | Democrats | Incumbent | 1694 | 12.3% |
| New Jersey 6th District | Hillary Herzig | Republicans | Challenger | 944 | 8.2% |
| New Jersey 9th District | Nelida Pou | Democrats | Incumbent | 877 | 4.2% |
| New Jersey 9th District | Rosemary Pino | Republicans | Challenger | 175 | 1.1% |
| New Jersey Senate | Cory Booker | Democrats | Incumbent | 437 | 5.9% |
| New Jersey Senate | Justin Murphy | Republicans | Challenger | 571 | 4.4% |
| New Mexico 1st District | Melanie Stansbury | Democrats | Incumbent | 1349 | 5.7% |
| New Mexico 1st District | Ndidiamaka Okpareke | Republicans | Challenger | 92 | 2.2% |
| New Mexico 2nd District | Gabriel Vasquez | Democrats | Incumbent | 429 | 0.9% |
| New Mexico 2nd District | Greg Cunningham | Republicans | Challenger | 415 | 1.9% |
| New Mexico 3rd District | Teresa Leger Fernandez | Democrats | Incumbent | 637 | 7.2% |
| New Mexico 3rd District | Martin Zamora | Republicans | Challenger | 62 | 1.6% |
| Nevada 1st District | Dina Titus | Democrats | Incumbent | 1354 | 3.2% |
| Nevada 1st District | Carrie Buck | Republicans | Challenger | 240 | 5.8% |
| Nevada 3rd District | Susie Lee | Democrats | Incumbent | 795 | 0.8% |
| Nevada 3rd District | Marty O'Donnell | Republicans | Challenger | 933 | 9.4% |
| Nevada 4th District | Steven Horsford | Democrats | Incumbent | 1504 | 0.3% |
| Nevada 4th District | Cody Whipple | Republicans | Challenger | 153 | 2.0% |
| New York 10th District | Daniel Goldman | Democrats | Incumbent | 914 | 14.5% |
| New York 10th District | Brad Lander | Democrats | Challenger | 1036 | 4.7% |
| New York 13th District | Adriano Espaillat | Democrats | Incumbent | 1165 | 2.3% |
| New York 13th District | Darializa Avila Chevalier | Democrats | Challenger | 367 | 3.5% |
| New York 14th District | Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez | Democrats | Incumbent | 181 | 2.8% |
| New York 14th District | Diamant Hysenaj | Republicans | Challenger | 206 | 5.8% |
| New York 19th District | Josh Riley | Democrats | Incumbent | 566 | 0.2% |
| New York 19th District | Peter Oberacker Jr | Republicans | Challenger | 761 | 5.5% |
| New York 3rd District | Thomas Suozzi | Democrats | Incumbent | 1059 | 0.9% |
| New York 3rd District | Mike Lipetri | Republicans | Challenger | 455 | 13.2% |
| New York 9th District | Yvette Clarke | Democrats | Incumbent | 397 | 14.1% |
| New York 9th District | Joel Anabilah-Azumah | Republicans | Challenger | 1225 | 5.3% |
| Ohio 1st District | Greg Landsman | Democrats | Incumbent | 1041 | 3.8% |
| Ohio 1st District | Eric Conroy | Republicans | Challenger | 243 | 5.3% |
| Ohio 13th District | Emilia Sykes | Democrats | Incumbent | 621 | 0.2% |
| Ohio 13th District | Carey Coleman | Republicans | Challenger | 70 | 2.9% |
| Ohio 9th District | Marcy Kaptur | Democrats | Incumbent | 660 | 1.4% |
| Ohio 9th District | Derek Merrin | Republicans | Challenger | 194 | 4.1% |
| Oregon 4th District | Valerie Hoyle | Democrats | Incumbent | 404 | 2.7% |
| Oregon 4th District | Monique Despain | Republicans | Challenger | 400 | 5.8% |
| Oregon 5th District | Janelle Bynum | Democrats | Incumbent | 728 | 2.9% |
| Oregon 5th District | Patti Adair | Republicans | Challenger | 283 | 2.1% |
| Pennsylvania 12th District | Summer Lee | Democrats | Incumbent | 608 | 4.1% |
| Pennsylvania 12th District | James Hayes | Republicans | Challenger | 543 | 2.8% |
| Rhode Island 2nd District | Seth Magaziner | Democrats | Incumbent | 1158 | 1.8% |
| Rhode Island 2nd District | Victor Mellor | Republicans | Challenger | 1137 | 2.0% |
| Rhode Island Senate | John Reed | Democrats | Incumbent | 644 | 4.3% |
| Rhode Island Senate | Raymond Mckay | Republicans | Challenger | 67 | 6.0% |
| Tennessee 9th District | Steve Cohen | Democrats | Incumbent | 458 | 17.5% |
| Tennessee 9th District | Justin Pearson | Democrats | Challenger | 423 | 4.0% |
| Texas 20th District | Joaquin Castro | Democrats | Incumbent | 461 | 7.6% |
| Texas 20th District | Edgardo Baez | Republicans | Challenger | 1127 | 5.1% |
| Texas 28th District | Henry Cuellar | Democrats | Incumbent | 1257 | 0.2% |
| Texas 28th District | Tano Tijerina | Republicans | Challenger | 106 | 10.4% |
| Texas 34th District | Vicente Gonzalez | Democrats | Incumbent | 603 | 0.7% |
| Texas 34th District | Eric Flores | Republicans | Challenger | 383 | 3.4% |
| Texas 7th District | Elizabeth Fletcher | Democrats | Incumbent | 755 | 1.3% |
| Texas 7th District | Alexander Hale | Republicans | Challenger | 124 | 0.8% |
| Virginia 7th District | Yevgeny Vindman | Democrats | Incumbent | 1152 | 4.1% |
| Virginia 7th District | Douglas Ollivant | Republicans | Challenger | 53 | 1.9% |
| Virginia 8th District | Donald Beyer Jr. | Democrats | Incumbent | 1150 | 16.3% |
| Virginia 8th District | Tony Sabio | Republicans | Challenger | 665 | 2.7% |
| Washington 3rd District | Marie Gluesenkamp Perez | Democrats | Incumbent | 237 | 0.8% |
| Washington 3rd District | John Braun | Republicans | Challenger | 396 | 1.5% |
Both are measured on posts on X since Oct 1, 2025.
Five Senate races with the widest gaps
Each incumbent (outlined) and the challenger whose rate differs most, personal attacks as a share of posts on X
John Hickenlooper (D), 1,134 posts · Mark Baisley (R), 78 posts
Christopher Coons (D), 674 posts · Michael Katz (R), 32 posts
Jon Ossoff (D), 89 posts · Derek Dooley (R), 486 posts
John Reed (D), 644 posts · Raymond Mckay (R), 67 posts
Cory Booker (D), 437 posts · Justin Murphy (R), 571 posts
Show the data
| Race | Incumbent | Rate | Posts | Challenger | Rate | Posts | Gap (points) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Colorado Senate | John Hickenlooper (Democrat) | 7.8% | 1134 | Mark Baisley (Republican) | 0.0% | 78 | −7.8 |
| Delaware Senate | Christopher Coons (Democrat) | 9.3% | 674 | Michael Katz (Republican) | 3.1% | 32 | −6.2 |
| Georgia Senate | Jon Ossoff (Democrat) | 5.6% | 89 | Derek Dooley (Republican) | 2.7% | 486 | −2.9 |
| Rhode Island Senate | John Reed (Democrat) | 4.3% | 644 | Raymond Mckay (Republican) | 6.0% | 67 | +1.6 |
| New Jersey Senate | Cory Booker (Democrat) | 5.9% | 437 | Justin Murphy (Republican) | 4.4% | 571 | −1.6 |